Interventional therapy for brain arteriovenous malformations before and after ARUBA

The ARUBA trial (2014) concluded that medical management alone is superior to medical management plus interventional therapy for the treatment of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). This sparked considerable controversy among involved healthcare providers. Here, we evaluated the impact of ARUBA on the volume, type, and treatment modality of bAVMs referred to a large tertiary care center. This was achieved by conducting a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of all bAVMs treated at Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health from January 2012 through July 2015. The case volume of bAVMs treated at Stanford has been relatively unchanged in the period of time leading up to and after ARUBA. Furthermore, there has been no significant change in the proportion of unruptured AVMs treated. Although differences existed in types of interventions administered, these differences are best explained by variations in the SM grades of AVMs treated during each study period, rather than by underlying changes in treatment strategy. Additional research is warranted to more thoroughly characterize the impact of ARUBA on the treatment patterns of bAVMS.     

Road map for pain management in pancreatic cancer: A review

Beside its poor prognosis and its late diagnosis, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most painful malignancies. Optimal management of pain in this cancer represents a real challenge for the oncologist whose objective is to ensure a better quality of life to his patients. We aimed in this paper to review all the treatment modalities incriminated in the management of pain in pancreatic cancer going from painkillers, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and interventional techniques to agents under investigation and alternative medicine. Although specific guidelines and recommendations for pain management in pancreatic cancer are still absent, we present all the possible pain treatments, with a progression from medical multimodal treatment to radiotherapy and chemotherapy then interventional techniques in case of resistance. In addition, alternative methods such as acupuncture and hypnosis can be added at any stage and seems to contribute to pain relief.     

Cholangiocarcinoma and malignant bile duct obstruction: A review of last decades advances in therapeutic endoscopy

In the last decades many advances have been achieved in endoscopy, in the diagnosis and therapy of cholangiocarcinoma, however blood test, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan may fail to detect neoplastic disease at early stage, thus the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is achieved usually at unresectable stage. In the last decades the role of endoscopy has moved from a diagnostic role to an invaluable therapeutic tool for patients affected by malignant bile duct obstruction. One of the major issues for cholangiocarcinoma is bile ducts occlusion, leading to jaundice, cholangitis and hepatic failure. Currently, endoscopy has a key role in the work up of cholangiocarcinoma, both in patients amenable to surgical intervention as well as in those unfit for surgery or not amenable to immediate surgical curative resection owing to locally advanced or advanced disease, with palliative intention. Endoscopy allows successful biliary drainage and stenting in more than 90% of patients with malignant bile duct obstruction, and allows rapid reduction of jaundice decreasing the risk of biliary sepsis. When biliary drainage and stenting cannot be achieved with endoscopy alone, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage represents an effective alternative method affording successful biliary drainage in more than 80% of cases. The purpose of this review is to focus on the currently available endoscopic management options in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.     

Zygapophysial joint pain in selected patients

The zygapophysial joints(z-joints), together with the intervertebral disc, form a functional spine unit. The joints are typical synovial joints with an innervation from two medial branches of the dorsal rami. The joint capsule and the surrounding structures have an extensive nerve supply. The stretching of the capsule and loads being transmitted through the joint can causepain. The importance of the z-joints as a pain generator is often underestimated because the prevalence of z-joint pain(10%-80%) is difficult to specify. Z-joint pain is a somatic referred pain. Morning stiffness and pain when moving from a sitting to a standing position are typical. No historic or physical examination variables exist to identify z-joint pain. Also, radiologic findings do not have a diagnostic value for pain from z-joints. The method with the best acceptance for diagnosing z-joint pain is controlled medial branch blocks(MBBs). They are the most validated of all spinal interventions, although false-positive and false-negative results exist and the degree of pain relief after MBBs remains contentious. The prevalence of z-joint pain increases with age, and it often comes along with other pain sources. Degenerative changes are commonly found. Z-joints are often affected by osteoarthritis and inflammatory processes. Often additional factors including synovial cysts, spondylolisthesis, spinal canal stenosis, and injuries are present. The only truly validated treatment is medial branch neurotomy. The available technique vindicates the use of radiofrequency neurotomy provided that the correct technique is used and patients are selected rigorously using controlled blocks.     

低分子右旋糖酐联合川芎嗪介入治疗糖尿病足的诊疗体会

目的探讨低分子右旋糖酐联合川芎嗪介入治疗糖尿病足的诊疗效果,为临床有效治疗糖尿病足（DF）提供参考。 方法选取68例DF重症患者,采用静脉低分子右旋糖酐和川芎嗪,同时进行介入治疗,治疗4周后观察疗效。 结果全部68例患者治疗后症状减轻或消失,临床效果良好。 结论低分子右旋糖酐联合川芎嗪介入治疗DF,可改善患足的血供,有效预防和控制DF的发生和发展,临床效果显著,值得推广。     

不同溶栓方式治疗下肢深静脉血栓过程中血浆D-二聚体的变化及意义

[目的]通过观察不同溶栓方式对下肢深静脉血栓形成患者血浆D-二聚体(DD)影响及其动态变化,并结合临床症状、影像检查静脉通畅率的情况,评价其作为判断溶栓疗效指标的价值。[方法]按治疗方法不同分为介入组和传统治疗组,两组病人均口服祛湿化瘀1号,前者采用Seldinger技术,在X线透视引导下,经腘静脉穿刺,将溶栓导管置于血栓部位,经微量输液泵持续泵入尿激酶20万u及活血化瘀类药,同时给予低分子肝素6150u,皮下注射,q12h,并于患肢踝关节上方扎止血带,给予尿激酶20万u静脉注射;后者经患足背静脉给予溶栓、活血化瘀类药物,用量同前,同时抗凝治疗,用法同前。[结果]前者治疗开始后d1DD水平明显升高,平均2.5d后达高峰,随后呈下降趋势,随着溶栓导管后撤,DD水平明显升高,平均12.9d恢复至正常水平;后者治疗后d2DD水平开始上升,平均4.5d后达高峰,平均6.2d降到正常水平,两组DD水平在治疗前对比,经统计学分析差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),治疗开始后在各时间点对比,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);前者临床显效率为80%,后者为23%,二者对比差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);两者治疗后复查静脉造影或彩超提示两组在静脉通畅率方面对比差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]介入溶栓治疗对于急性下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗效果优于经外周静脉系统溶栓治疗,同时动态观察DD变化可以作为溶栓、抗凝的给药指导及治疗效果的评价指标,但应结合治疗过程中临床症状变化及影像复查情况。     

乳腺外科围术期抗菌药物应用管理策略

目的 探讨乳腺外科围术期抗菌药物合理应用方案和管理策略实施的可行性,以及对医疗质量指标和卫生经济学指标的综合影响.方法 以普外科乳腺手术病例为研究对象,分为干预组和对照组,每组各47例,共94例,采用1:1病例对照研究;干预组采用围手术期抗菌药物合理应用管理策略,对照组按照外科医师传统用药方法;比较两组住院天数、住院总费用、抗菌药物费用、用药合理性比例、医院感染率.结果 干预组患者住院时间为(7.28±2.16)d,较对照组的(9.19±2.04)d明显缩短(P=0.0000);干预组住院总费用、抗菌药物费用分别为(4222.59±1056.57)元、(685.82±299.94)元,较对照组的(5457.84±1768.18)元、(1049.50±453.05)元,显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);干预组用药合理性为87.24％,而对照组为23.40％,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);两组患者均未发生医院感染.结论 围手术期抗菌药物合理应用管理策略实施后,乳腺手术围手术期抗菌药物的预防性使用更加合理,住院天数和药品费用明显减少;进而促进安全、有效、经济、合理地使用抗菌药物,为医院降低单病种费用提供了一种有效且可行的模式.     

原发性肝癌肝外动脉供血的介入治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌伴有肝外动脉供血的形成机制及介入治疗的方法。方法 41例原发性肝癌患者经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术（TACE）前常规行腹腔动脉造影,根据造影检查结果,结合术前B超、CT和/或MRI等影像学检查所示的癌灶位置及分布情况,选择性探查膈下动脉、肠系膜上动脉、胃左动脉、胃十二指肠动脉及肋间动脉等。结果 41例肝外动脉供血来源于肠系膜上动脉16例（39%）,右膈下动脉13例（31.7%）,左膈下动脉2例（4.9%）,胃左动脉6例（14.6%）,胃十二指肠动脉2例（4.9%）,右肋间动脉2例（4.9%）。肝外动脉供血支的超选择插管成功率为90.2%。随访6～24个月,生存时间1年以上者29例（70.7%）,生存时间2年以上者20例（48.8%）。结论了解肝癌肝外动脉供血特点和形成机制,对于临床准确和彻底阻断肝癌多动脉供血,提高TACE的疗效具有十分重要的意义。     

子宫内膜癌介入治疗患者心理状况评估及中医护理干预

目的：探讨中医护理干预对子宫内膜癌介入手术患者术前心理状况的影响。方法：将60例子宫内膜癌介入手术患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,术前3d,两组患者均采取术前综合治疗,观察组采取中医护理干预;对照组不采取中医护理干预;术前2h,使用SCL-90量表分别评估对照组与观察组患者的心理状况,比较两组患者的得分情况。结果：两组患者术前2h心理状况相比较,差异有统计学意义,观察组优于对照组（P〈0-05）。结论：中医护理干预能有效改善子宫内膜癌介入手术患者术前的心理状况,促进患者心理健康。