综合护理干预对肝癌介入化疗患者不良情绪及生活质量的影响

目的探讨肝癌介入化疗患者应用综合护理干预对心理状况、并发症及生活质量的影响。方法选取2015年2月～2018年3月期间本院收治的肝癌介入化疗患者52例为研究对象,根据入院先后顺序分为两组,研究组(n=26)和常规组(n=26),常规组给予普通护理,研究组则在此基础上给予综合护理,比较两种护理方式患者的不良情绪评分、生活质量评分、疼痛以及并发症情况。结果研究组HAMA评分、HAMD评分、NRS疼痛评分以及并发症发生率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组生活质量评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝癌介入化疗患者应用综合护理干预的效果显著优于普通护理,不仅有助于降低并发症发生率,还可以缓解患者痛苦和不良情绪,促进生活质量的提升。     

256层螺旋CTA在左锁骨下动脉窃血综合征患者术前评估的价值

目的应用256层CTA技术观测左锁骨下动脉解剖特点,评价CTA对锁骨下动脉窃血综合征(SSS)介入治疗术前评估的应用价值。方法回顾性分析60例经临床确诊的SSS患者(疾病组)及500例无SSS受检者(对照组)左锁骨下动脉CTA资料,测量受检者左锁骨下动脉自主动脉弓的起始角度;评价疾病组左锁骨下动脉斑块的特点、管腔狭窄及闭塞情况。结果所有受检者左锁骨下动脉自主动脉弓的起始角度为:71.98°±8.26°,疾病组左锁骨下动脉起始角度71.98°的比例明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。疾病组左锁骨下动脉管腔闭塞11例(18.33%),闭塞范围为9~24mm;中度狭窄7例(11.67%),重度狭窄42例(70.00%),狭窄长度8~31mm;偏心性斑块33例,环形斑块16例。以DSA为金标准,CTA诊断左锁骨下动脉狭窄、闭塞的敏感度为96.77%,特异度为100%,诊断符合率为96.97%。结论 256层CTA可准确测量左锁骨下动脉的各项解剖数值;对左SSS术前评估具有重要的应用价值。     

肾动脉狭窄支架植入术的临床疗效观察

目的探讨肾动脉狭窄支架植入术的临床疗效.方法1997年1月～2004年12月,我院行支架介入治疗肾动脉狭窄27例.对27例术前、术后及随访期内血压、肾功能以及生活质量进行评估,并与同期单纯药物治疗肾动脉狭窄27例进行比较.结果介入组27例植入支架40枚,手术成功24例(88.9%,24/27),失败3例(11.1%,3/27),手术并发症5例(18.5%,5/27).术后在血压下降(包括收缩压舒张压)肌酐下降,肾小球滤过率增加方面,介入组获益率明显优于药物组,两组比较差异均有显著性,术后随访6个月～8年6个月,中位数为1年9个月,介入组有19例能比较健康的生活和工作,药物组仅12例能维持生活和工作.结论支架介入治疗较单纯药物治疗肾动脉狭窄疗效显著.     

The Impact of Nonphysician Providers on Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Practices: Regulatory,Billing, and Compliance Perspectives

The numbers of nurse practitioners and physician assistants are increasing throughout the entire health care enterprise, and a similar expansion continues within radiology. Some practices have instead embraced radiologist assistants. The increased volume of services rendered by this growing nonphysician provider subset of the health care workforce within and outside of radiology departments warrants closer review. The authors evaluate the recent literature and offer recommendations to radiology practices regarding both regulatory and scope-of-practice issues related to these professionals. Additionally, billing and compliance issues for care provided by nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and radiologist assistants are detailed. An analysis of the integration of these professionals into interventional and diagnostic radiology practices, as well as potential implications for medical education, is provided in the second part of this series.     

胰腺内分泌肿瘤术前影像学定位诊断方法的选择

目的:评估经腹部超声(TAUS)、内镜超声(EUS)、CT、MR、选择性血管造影(SAG)及动脉钙刺激静脉采血测定胰岛素(ASVS)在胰腺内分泌肿瘤(PET)术前定位中的价值。方法:对65例经手术及病理证实的PET的术前影像学检查资料进行回顾性分析,比较不同检查方法对PET的定位结果,并探讨PET的影像学表现和特点。结果:各种检查方法术前定位的敏感性和准确性分别为:TAUS为47.4%和41.5%,EUS为90.0%和75.0%,CT为86.9%和82.8%,MR为85.7%和77.4%,SAG为16.7%和16.7%及ASVS为83.3%和83.3%。结论:PET的术前影像学检查方法的选择应从易到难,先行非侵入性的TAUS、MSCT或MR检查;如仍为阴性,则考虑EUS或ASVS;最后为手术探查及术中超声检查。     

股骨头缺血性坏死的介入治疗

目的:评价髂内动脉介入治疗对股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效.方法:应用Seldinger技术经股动脉插管,选择髂内动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)并灌注尿激酶、络泰、罂粟碱介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死患者164例.其中男98例,女66例;年龄7～71岁,平均44.2岁.结果:根据综合疗效评定标准:治愈26例,显效94例,有效34例,无效10例,总有效率达93.9%.其中12例经治疗后行人工髋关节置换术.值得一提的是,X线片改善表现与临床症状改善不一定一致.结论:选择髂内动脉介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死,临床疗效确切,具有操作简便、安全可靠、创伤性小、并发症少等优点.早期诊断和及时进行有效的治疗是提高本病疗效的关键.     

The clinical outcomes of the radiologic method for self-expandable metal-stent placement in patients with colorectal obstruction: A prospective study

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical outcomes of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for patients with colorectal obstruction.MethodsA total of 61 patients underwent SEMS placement using computerized tomography (CT) to confirm malignancy of intrinsic origin and evaluate the exact location, notch, and extent of the disruptive laceration.ResultsThe overall technical success rate and clinical success rate of SEMS placement using the radiological method were 59 (96.7%) and 57 (93.4%), respectively. The technical success rate and clinical success rate of SEMS placement in the palliative and bridge to elective surgery (BTS) groups were 35 (97.2%), 24 (96.0%), 33 (91.7%), and 24 (96.0%). The median cumulative primary stent patency duration and patients’ survival of SEMS placement was 123 days (95% CI, 65–123 days), and 133 days (95% CI, 72–133 days). The median cumulative primary stent patency duration and patient survival did not differ significantly between the palliative group 119 days; (95% CI, 59–119 days), 128 days; (95% CI, 71–128 days), and the BTS group 120 days; (95% CI, 68–120 days; p = 0.362), 130 days; (95% CI, 78–130 days); p = 0.412).ConclusionsThe colorectal obstruction had convoluted with curved angulation and located mainly at the rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, and the radiologic method of SEMS placement has more efficacious with a high technical and clinical success rate. However, SEMS placement was highly technical, and clinical success with median stent patency and patient survival did not differ significantly between the palliative group and the BTS group.     

Management of abdominal sepsis

Introduction: Today the management of the different forms of peritonitis is generally standardised. The classification of primary and secondary peritonitis is well accepted. From a pathophysiological point of view, postoperative and post-traumatic peritonitis should be considered as independent entities. The bacteriological isolates from the inflamed peritoneal cavity do not correlate with the clinical course, and the occurrence of enterococci and bacteroides may be slightly related to ongoing infectious complications. Classification: Valuable scoring systems mainly rely on systemic signs of the septic disease and seem to better differentiate the prognosis of the disease than more surgically oriented scores do. Although the scoring systems did not allow any clinical decision, they should be used to help better compare patients treated in different institutions. The observation of the minor relevance of bacteriology and the superiority of general sepsis scores agrees with the fact that pre-existing septic organ dysfunction and pre-existing comorbidity are the main determinants of mortality. Treatment: Surgical therapy focuses on the control of the source of infection because it has been clearly shown that, without resolving the source of infection, the prognosis remains poor. Adjuvant surgical measures aim at the further reduction of the bacterial load in the peritoneal cavity. Planned relaparotomy, relaparotomy on demand, and continuous closed peritoneal lavage are used. Results: Clinical results proved these methods to be equally effective although pathophysiological considerations favour closed peritoneal lavage. Conclusion: Summarising the available data, we need a more sophisticated understanding of the pathophysiology of the peritonitis, and well-designed clinical studies are necessary to define the optimal surgical treatment modalities. Received: 27 November 1997     

数字减影血管造影对肾癌的诊断与介入治疗

为探讨肾功能脉数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）对肾癌的诊断和介入治疗的临床价值，应用ＤＳＡＣ地１９例疑为肾肿瘤的患者进行诊断和介入治疗，并同期施行Ｂ超，静脉尿路造影（ＩＶＵ），ＣＴ检查，结果１９例经ＤＳＡ检查均诊断为肾癌，优于Ｂ超，ＣＴ及ＩＶＵ，１７例行介入治疗，均可见肾动脉分支完全闭塞，给手术治疗提供重要帮助，认为肾动脉ＤＳＡ能明确了解肾肿瘤血供状况及形态，诊断准确率高，且对介入治疗和手术方案的选择及     

介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死及疗效评价

自1995年8月-1997年6月作者采用经旋股内、外动脉超选插管溶通术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死65例(76侧),经6个月—20个月随访,并采用血管造影和股骨头缺血性坏死疗效百分法评价判定,优良率84.3％,血管造影显示治疗后血管计数较治疗前增多(p<0.02)静脉回流改善。此方法适用于各种类型的患者,可减轻临床症状,提高生活质量。