经旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的应用解剖

对 50例成人下肢标本的旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支的起源、起点、外径、走行、分布以及经这二支血管介入有关的结构进行观测 ,为介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供更接近病变部位及可进行插管的血管。结果表明 ,旋股外侧动脉升支与横支共干起自旋股外侧动脉者占 68% ,升支单独起自旋股外侧动脉占 2 6 % ;旋股内侧动脉深支由旋股内侧动脉主干延续而来。旋股内、外侧动脉深支或升支起点外径分别为 3 0± 0 8mm、 2 8± 0 7mm。从股动脉的起点 ,经股深动脉、旋股外侧动脉至其升支长度为 7 1± 1 1cm ;经股深动脉、旋股内侧动脉至其深支长度为 5 6± 1 4cm。旋股内侧动脉与其深支间约呈 90 。 角 ;旋股外侧动脉与其升支间约呈 1 33。 角。旋股内、外侧动脉深支 (升支 )为营养股骨头和颈的血管 ,这二支血管符合导管插入要求     

Flexible tantalum stents: Effects in the stenotic canine urethra

Purpose Evaluate the effects of flexible tantalum stents (Strecker) implanted into stenotic canine urethras.Methods Eight conditioned, adult, German shepherd dogs, weighing 30–40 kg, were used. Strictures were created surgically in the bulbar urethra just proximal to the os penis. Two months postsurgery, strictures were documented radiographically and then balloon dilated. Following dilatation, a single Strecker stent was placed across the stricture. Stents were 7 mm in expanded diameter and either 2 or 4 cm in length. Retrograde urethrography was performed immediately after stent placement and then biweekly for up to 12 months. Two dogs were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-stenting, and necropsy was performed. The urethra was excised, fixed, and examined by scanning electron and light microscopy.Results Clinical success was achieved without complications in all animals. Hyperplasia of the urothelium was noted 4–6 weeks after stent placement and was most pronounced at 4–6 months. Mucosal folds were found between the stent struts. Restenosis occurred at the distal end of the stent in one dog. Histological alterations were noted in the deeper layers of the urethral wall.Conclusion Strecker stents were well tolerated in all animals and seem useful for the treatment of urethral strictures.Presented at CIRSE Annual Meeting and Postgraduate Course, Budapest, June 20–24, 1993     

Preliminary experience with interactive guided brain biopsies using a vertically opened 0.5-T MR system

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of brain biopsies performed within a vertically opened MR system. We worked with the interventional 0.5-T MR “SIGNA SP” (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis.) with an integrated tracking device “Flashpoint Position Encoder” (Image Guided Technologies, USA). As a holding device for this instrument we constructed a special frame. The whole system allows an exact adjustment of an optimum biopsy direction and guidance of the biopsy in a non-stereotactic, interactive mode in near real-time. As biopsy tools we used MR-compatible aspiration and specially made side-cut needles (Daum, Germany; E-Z-EM, USA). We performed a prospective diagnostic brain biopsy study in 18 patients. Guidance of the needle was carried out using gradient-echo single-slice technique. The sample was taken after controlling the exact position of the needle tip on spin-echo images. In 12 cases an exact neuropathological diagnosis was possible. In 6 cases of negative biopsy (4 aspiration biopsies) the samples were not representative. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of interactive MR-guided minimally invasive brain biopsies in an open MR system. The best results were achieved using cut needles for biopsies of contrast-enhancing lesions visible on T1-weighted gradient-echo guidance sequence. Received: 2 February 1998; Revision received: 13 July 1998; Accepted: 2 September 1998     

Self-expanding stents in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: experience with nitinol Strecker stents

The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance and efficacy of a new self-expanding stent (nitinol Strecker stent) in the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. We have successfully placed 64 nitinol Strecker stents in 48 patients. The average portosystemic gradient decreased from 22 to 11 mm Hg. Balloon dilatation was necessary in 12 of 35 angiographically controlled cases at 5 days (34%), because of incomplete stent expansion, small thrombi within the stent or obstruction. At 1–6 months stent malfunctions occurred in 8 of 23 patients who underwent control angiography (34%) and at 6–24 months in 6 of 7 patients (85%). Rebleeding occurred in 2 of 39 patients (follow-up > 1 month) (5%) and temporary crises of de novo encephalopathy were observed in 11 of 48 patients (23%). Refractory ascites completely resolved in 4 of 6 patients (66%) and improved in the remaining 2 cases. Compared with other self-expanding stents, nitinol Strecker stents seem to be equally effective in TIPS; no increase in complication rate was observed, either clinical or stent-related. Correspondence to: P. Rossi     

Selective arterial embolization in the treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst and angioma of bone

Nineteen aneurysmal bone cysts and five angiomas of bone were treated by selective arterial embolization. The median follow-up was 22 months. In 17 patients healing occurred with complete relief of symptoms; in 11 of these almost complete ossification of the lesion resulted. In the remaining cases, little or no ossification was apparent but ossification may take 1 year or more to occur. No recurrence was observed in any of these cases. Recurrence occurred only in two cases. In one, growth of the recurrence stopped after a second embolization, and the X-rays showed no change. Selective arterial embolization represents a treatment of choice in aneurysmal bone cyst and angioma of bone especially of the spine, sacrum, or pelvis. In these sites embolization replaces surgery which might be hazardous due to intraoperative bleeding.Supported in part with Rizzoli Research Funds     

经皮无水酒精注射治疗小肝癌的疗效分析（附18例报告）

目的　评估经皮注射无水酒精治疗小肝癌的疗效。方法　 1 8例原发性肝癌 2 2个病灶 (直径 <3.3cm)接受经皮注射无水酒精的治疗。在 CT引导下将细针穿入病灶中央 ,缓慢地注入无水酒精。随访采用螺旋 CT增强扫描的办法进行 ,同时观察并发症发生情况。结果　 2 1个病灶平均肿瘤直径 2 .3cm (1 .5～ 3.3cm ) ,平均注射酒精量 5 .8ml (3～ 9ml)。 1 7个病灶治疗后肿瘤组织全部坏死 ,4个病灶显示有残留肿瘤。并发症包括腹部剧痛(5 .5 5 % )、肝节段性梗塞 (5 .5 5 % )。结论　经皮注射无水酒精治疗小肝癌是安全有效的     

介入栓塞治疗对Graves病T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的：观察介入栓塞治疗对Graves病T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：24例难治性Graves病，选择性行双侧甲状腺上、下动脉插管，并注入聚乙烯醇或(和)明胶海棉栓塞治疗，观察栓塞后3月T淋巴细胞亚群变化。结果：Graves病患者治疗前CD3^ ，CD4^ 与正常组比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；CD8^ 下降、CD4^ ／CD8^ 比值升高与正常组比较差异有显著性(P＜0．05)；介入栓塞治疗后CD3^ 升高、CD^ 下降，CD8^ 升高，CD4^ ／CD8^ 下降与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P＜0．05)。结论：介入栓塞治疗可引起Graves病患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化，纠正甲亢免疫调节紊乱，有利于甲亢的治愈。     

放射性核素介入治疗脑瘤的初步观察

目的　探讨放射性核素3 2 P或198Au介入治疗恶性脑瘤的方法和疗效。方法　介入方法A是术间将放射性核素均匀撒布于残腔壁上 ,B是术中残腔内放置Omaya囊 ,再注入放射性核素 ,3 2 P治疗 7例 ,198Au治疗 1例。结果　症状改善、平稳 ,无严重并发症 ,生存期延长。结论　放射性核素介入治疗脑瘤值得推广应用。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在房间隔缺损封堵介入治疗中的应用研究

目的 研究彩色多普勒超声检查在房间隔缺损封堵介入治疗中的应用价值。方法 经食道彩色多普勒超声和经胸彩色多普勒超声引导下，对20例继发孔中央房间隔缺损用Amplatzer封堵器或类似Amplatzer国产双盘式伞状封堵器进行封堵。结果 20例房间隔缺损封堵成功，1例房间隔缺损封堵后次日封堵器脱落，经心外科再次手术，成功取出封堵器同时进行房间隔缺损修补术。对封堵成功的患者定期随访均见封堵器位置正常，未见残余分流。结论 彩色多普勒超声检查在房间隔缺损封堵介入治疗中有重要应用价值。     

经PCS区域动脉灌注健择和5-氟尿嘧啶治疗中晚期胰腺癌的疗效观察

 目的　评价经PCS区域动脉灌注健择和 5 氟尿嘧啶治疗中晚期胰腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法　 36例中晚期胰腺癌患者分为 2组 ,16例行经PCS区域动脉灌注化疗 (B组 ) ,另 2 0例行外周静脉全身化疗 (A组 )。结果　B组临床受益反应有效率为 75 .0 % (12 / 16 ) ,A组为 4 5 .0 % (9/ 2 0 ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ,A组和B组 6个月、1年生存率和中位生存期分别为 35 .0 %、15 .0 %、6 .8个月和 6 8.7%、37.5 %、11.4个月 ,P<0 .0 5。结论　经PCS区域动脉灌注化疗较外周静脉化疗能提高中晚期胰腺癌的临床受益反应、改善生活质量 ,提高远期生存率。