武汉市事业单位人员超重与肥胖现状分析

目的了解武汉市事业单位人员超重肥胖患病率现状,为开展体重控制相关干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取武汉市700名事业单位人员进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果武汉市事业单位人员的超重率和肥胖率分别为27.34%和8.17%,其中男性超重和肥胖率分别是37.89%和11.49%,女性超重和肥胖率分别是17.66%和5.13%。51-55岁人群组超重率最高,41-45岁人群组肥胖率最高,在婚人群的超重肥胖率高于未婚/离异/丧偶者,文化程度高的人群肥胖率较低。结论武汉市事业单位人员有超过30.00%的人超重或肥胖,应高度重视,采取有效措施进行健康干预,以预防各种相关疾病的发生。     

4省市非卫生系统机关事业单位工作人员健康知识和需求调查

目的了解非卫生系统机关事业单位工作人员的健康知识与行为现状和健康内容与传播渠道需求。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在广东省、山西省、陕西省和重庆市等4地省县两级非卫生系统行政机关和事业单位中随机抽取在职工作人员900名,开展健康知识和需求调查,调查内容主要包括健康知识、行为、健康内容需求和喜爱的传播渠道。结果调查对象对＂低焦油卷烟不比普通卷烟危害小＂的知晓率为59.78%。16.22%的调查对象体检间隔时间超过2年;30.40%的调查对象每周运动次数少于1次,省级单位工作人员的活动频次少于县级单位（P〈0.01）;18.24%的调查对象现在吸烟,省县两级工作人员的吸烟状况差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。除传统的大众传播媒介外,调查对象最喜爱的健康知识获取渠道主要有健康知识讲座（40.07%）、健康咨询活动（23.33%）和网络（16.29%）。结论非卫生系统机关事业单位的工作人员对部分健康知识存在认识偏差,对体检和运动的重视程度不够。应当利用他们喜欢的传播方式,开展有针对性的健康教育活动。     

基于PageRank的机构科研影响力评价

提出基于PageRank算法的机构科研影响力评价方法,针对PageRank经典算法中存在的平分网页权值问题,应用篇均被引频次来配置利用各机构的初始权重。应用2015年部分高校发表的医学类SCI论文的被引用情况构建机构引用网络矩阵,分别计算去除自引和包含自引的机构PageRank值,与机构被引频次及H指数的排序进行对比分析。该方法可同时从质量和数量两个维度评价机构科研影响力。     

Numerical ability predicts mortgage default

Unprecedented levels of US subprime mortgage defaults precipitated a severe global financial crisis in late 2008, plunging much of the industrialized world into a deep recession. However, the fundamental reasons for why US mortgages defaulted at such spectacular rates remain largely unknown. This paper presents empirical evidence showing that the ability to perform basic mathematical calculations is negatively associated with the propensity to default on one’s mortgage. We measure several aspects of financial literacy and cognitive ability in a survey of subprime mortgage borrowers who took out loans in 2006 and 2007, and match them to objective, detailed administrative data on mortgage characteristics and payment histories. The relationship between numerical ability and mortgage default is robust to controlling for a broad set of sociodemographic variables, and is not driven by other aspects of cognitive ability. We find no support for the hypothesis that numerical ability impacts mortgage outcomes through the choice of the mortgage contract. Rather, our results suggest that individuals with limited numerical ability default on their mortgage due to behavior unrelated to the initial choice of their mortgage.     

围绕驻点教学共建附属医院

为了科学合理地利用、优化医学教育资源,充分发挥高等院校附属医院临床教学职能,我校在非直属附属医院中开展了驻点临床理论教学工作。本文总结了我校近3年来与各相关驻点附属医院开展共建的实践经验,对在教学管理、师资培养、质量监控等方面采取的措施加以探讨,目的是为我校深入探索医学教育新模式,不断提高教学管理水平奠定基础。     

解放思想开拓创新继续推进卫生改革与发展

指出卫生工作要以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,紧扣改革与发展的总目标;要按照“三个代表”的要求,加快卫生体制的改革与创新,要明确政府卫生职责,转变职能,实现“政事分开”,建立符合社会主义市场经济规律和人民健康需求的卫生服务体系,建立权责明晰、富有生机的医疗机构管理体制;要全面引入竞争机制,加快医疗机构运行机制的改革与创新,继续推进病人选医院和选医生,调动医疗机构内在的动力和广大医务人员的积极性,发展多样化、多种形式办医模式,形成公平、有序的竞争局面。     

1800名学生早夜餐用餐情况的调查分析

目的了解学生用早餐、夜餐情况,为培养学生养成良好饮食习惯提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的办法抽取一~三年级学生1800名,然后用调查问卷的方法进行调查。结果3个年级男女生均有不同程度的不合理用餐,不用早餐的男生占29·90%,女生占36·78%,吃夜餐的男生有70·10%,女生有63·22%。结论一~三年级学生中有不良饮食习惯的学生比率较高,学校应加强健康教育,指导合理用餐,从而帮助学生建立良好的饮食习惯。     

Managerialism in the Australian public health sector: towards the hyper-rationalisation of professional bureaucracies

This paper draws on qualitative case-study research to discuss the impact of managerialism on the work organisation of public sector health professionals in Australia. The case studies included 71 semi-structured interviews with a broad range of public sector health professionals (predominantly nursing and allied health professionals, with some doctors and managers). The data are used to examine the implications of managerialism for the organisation of professional (public) bureaucracies. The findings show that while health professionals were able to exert their agency to influence managerial processes, the incorporation of managerial strategies into professional practice placed constraints upon professional autonomy. The impact of managerialism on professional bureaucracies is examined using the neo-Weberian framework of hyper-rationality, an ideal type derived from a combination of four forms of rationality identified in Weber's work: practical, formal, substantive and theoretical rationality. Applied to the social organisation of health-care work, this paper critically examines the utility of the hyper-rationality ideal type, noting its limitations and the insights it provides in conceptualising the impact of managerialism on professional (public) bureaucracies.     

强化医疗机构财务监管和质量控制为群众提供质优价廉的医疗服务

介绍了强化医疗机构财务监管和质量控制的主要做法和成效:以强化财务监管为基础,全面落实药品收支两条线管理,推行药品集中招标采购,控制和降低社会医药费用:以提高技术劳务收费标准和调整医疗服务收费结构为导向,逐步建立“以医养医”的补偿机制,促进医疗机构的健康发展;以完善医疗质量控制体系、开展质量考评和分级督查、建立公示和责任追究制度为核心,强化医疗质量监管。