中国国家出生队列研究调查对象的基线特征分析

目的 探讨生命早期环境因素、遗传因素和遗传与环境交互作用对子代近期和远期健康的影响以及系统评价和比较辅助生殖受孕和自然受孕人群的妊娠结局和子代健康相关结局。方法 中国国家出生队列（CNBC）研究是一项覆盖辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的多中心前瞻性出生队列研究。2016年,CNBC项目陆续在我国12个省（自治区、直辖市）的24所医院启动,以家庭为单位纳入研究对象,并在辅助生殖治疗前、胚胎移植、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及分娩时以及出生后第42天、6个月、12个月、36个月多个时点采集数据信息和生物样本。结果 截至2020年6月,CNBC共纳入27 044个辅助生殖受孕家庭,29 589个自然受孕家庭,CNBC的研究人群中绝大部分为城市居民。在辅助生殖受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有65.5%和63.7%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（33.83±5.52）和（32.38±4.67）岁;女方83.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.8%,饮酒率为2.1%。在自然受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有81.5%和86.5%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（32.06±5.09）和（30.40±4.27）岁,女方67.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.1%,饮酒率为2.2%。不同地区的辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的基线特征均有差异。结论 CNBC的建立将为研究生命早期遗传、环境因素、遗传-环境交互作用以及辅助生殖技术治疗相关因素对出生后子代健康的影响提供了重要资源。     

Combined effect of Controlling Nutritional Status and Acute Kidney Injury on severe COVID-19 short-term outcomes

Introduction/ObjectivesAcute kidney injury (AKI) and malnutrition are two complications commonly reported in severe forms of COVID-19, their combined effect on short-term mortality is, however, not yet investigated. The objective of this study is to determine both their individual and combined effects on short-term prognosis.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective, uni-centric study, including 247 severe COVID-19 patients, admitted between April 25th and June 20th, 2020, at the University Hospital of Blida. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO-2012 guidelines. Nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. The association with in-hospital mortality was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and proportional Cox regression.ResultsAmong the 247 severely affected COVID-19 patients included in this study, 34.4% developed AKI, 30.4 and 1.2%, respectively, had moderate and severe CONUT scores, 17.7% worsened and progressed to a critical state and 26.7% did not survive. Both AKI and CONUT score were significantly associated with mortality in a dose-response manner (pLog-Rank < 0.0001). Their relative risks are respectively (HR = 3.25 CI 95% [1.99–5.3] and HR = 2.42 CI 95% [1.5–3.9], p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the highest risk was observed for the AKI-CONUT-high combination (HR = 3.0, 95% CI [1.5–6.1], p = 0.002).ConclusionA possible synergistic interaction between AKI and CONUT score for COVID-19 short-term mortality has been highlighted. Monitoring of renal function associated with assessment of nutritional status should be performed routinely and systematically from the early stages of admission.     

不同特征女性人工流产时焦虑、抑郁情绪及影响因素

目的:研究不同特征女性人工流产时焦虑、抑郁情绪评估及影响因素。方法:以2019年1-7月在本院择期行人工流产者105例,其中已婚54例、未婚51例,手术流产62例、药物流产43例。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价并比较不同特征者人工流产前焦虑及抑郁程度,多因素logistic分析可能影响因素。结果:不同婚姻状态、文化程度、孕次、产次、流产方式者发生术前焦虑及抑郁程度存在差异(P<0.05),不同年龄、流产次数者术前焦虑及抑郁程度评分未见差异(P>0.05);未婚及手术流产者术前焦虑及抑郁情况最高(P<0.05)。多因素分析,流产妇女婚姻状态、文化程度、产次、孕次以及流产方式均为产生术前焦虑情绪的独立危险因素。结论:未婚及手术流产者流产前负面情绪较高,提示临床在行人工流产中,及时开展健康教育,做好咨询工作,降低流产妇女的负面情绪,提升生殖健康质量。     

大鼠骨骼肌钝挫伤模型的超声造影图像特征与微血管分布的相关性分析

目的 建立重物打击致大鼠骨骼肌钝挫伤模型,动态观察大鼠骨骼肌在损伤修复不同时期肌肉组织的超声造影（CEUS）图像特征,通过计算机辅助定量分析造影剂平均回声强度值（Mean）变化,并与微血管平均光密度值(MVD)进行相关分析。方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为8组,其中6只大鼠作为正常对照组,余42只大鼠作为实验组,以自制重力锤选定右侧股直肌肌腹中段为打击中心,采用自由落体击落架,用800g的重物,一次性自由落体,建立大鼠下肢骨骼肌钝挫伤模型,分别于损伤后1 h、12h、24h、48h、7d、14d、28d时行CEUS检查,并利用计算机辅助定量分析CEUS图像变化特征,获得各组受损骨骼肌造影剂平均回声强度值（Mean）。在每个时间节点将该组大鼠全部处死,并切取损伤肌肉组织进行HE染色以及通过评估各组织CD34免疫组化来计算微血管平均光密度值（MVD）。结果 （1）CEUS图像变化：损伤后1h-12h各组大鼠打击部位肌肉造影剂信号微弱,可见充盈缺损;损伤后24h组损伤区造影剂呈星点状分布,为弱增强;48h组造影剂表现为斑片状分布,为轻度增强;损伤后7d组损伤区造影剂信号密集增多,呈高增强;损伤后14d组损伤区造影剂信号较7d组减少,呈轻度增强,损伤后28d组,造影剂信号进一步减少,与对照组相似,呈弱增强。（2）计算机辅助定量分析CEUS图像的Mean变化：与对照组比较,损伤后1h、12h、24h各组损伤区内Mean均明显减低（14.99±3.65 vs 3.99±0.97、14.99±3.65 vs 5.74±1.68 、14.99±3.65 vs 5.55±1.62),P均＜0.05;损伤后48h组损伤区Mean增高（14.99±3.65 vs 20.02±7.41）,P＞0.05;损伤后7d组损伤区Mean明显增高（14.99±3.65 vs 59.98±10.13）,P＜0.05;损伤后14d组损伤区Mean较7d组减低,（14.99±3.65 vs 27.11±4.67）,P＜0.05;损伤后28d组,Mean接近正常对照组水平（14.99 ±3.65 vs 16.02±3.97）,P＞0.05。 （3）各实验组损伤区Mean与微血管平均光密度值（MVD）具有线性正相关（r=0.840,P＜0.001）。结论 重物打击建立的大鼠下肢骨骼肌钝挫伤模型,在损伤后1h-48h肌肉炎症反应明显,7d-28d呈修复趋势。超声造影（CEUS）可动态观察受损骨骼肌不同时期的微循环灌注演变,计算机辅助图像分析可快速定量描述超声造影剂平均回声强度值变化,且与肌肉内微血管分布规律相关性较好。     

Electrical Analysis of Fresh,Excised Human Skin: A Comparison with Frozen Skin

Samples of human allograft skin prepared without freezing ("fresh skin) were found to have electrical and sodium ion transport properties which differed only slightly from those of skin which had been similarly treated but stored frozen (frozen skin). The fresh skin samples were less permeable to sodium ions during passive diffusion and less conductive than frozen skin at low current levels. They were more permselective for sodium versus chloride during constant-current iontophoresis and showed slightly more asymmetry in their current–voltage properties. Overall, the electrical behavior of the two tissues was similar enough to support the use of frozen tissue in iontophoresis studies. However, caution should be exercised when considering the use of frozen skin for applications, such as those based on electroosmosis, where the observed differences could have a major impact on the results.     

香青藤的生药鉴定

利用药材性状、显微特征、紫外吸收光谱和薄层层析等鉴别方法对香青藤进行生药鉴定研究 ,为该药材的鉴别和开发利用提供科学依据     

伤寒史学研究成果简述

建国以来有关伤寒史学的研究成果表现在相关人物、相关著作、相关事件、学术关系及阶段特征五个方面。前期研究成果 ,尚不足以充分展示伤寒学历史地位和现实意义 ,更无充分依据昭示其未来之发展方向 ,因而有必要继续深入开展伤寒史学研究     

常见病原菌的感染分布特点与抗生素敏感性变化的调查

目的：为了了解临床常见菌感染的分布特点和掌握抗生素的敏感性变化,为临床提高感染性疾病的治愈率提供依据。方法：细胞的分离采用常规方法;细菌的鉴定和药敏采用进口仪器法。结果：5794份标本共检出1935株细菌,检出率为33％。大肠艾希氏菌,铜绿色假单胞菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,表皮葡萄球菌,肺炎克雷伯氏菌是近年来临床感染的主要病原菌,细菌对抗生素的敏感性：阴性杆菌中磺胺类（复方新诺明）为33％,青霉素类平均为42％;头孢菌素类平均为46％,氨基糖苷类平均为53％,喹诺酮类平均为61％,其它内酰胺类为69％,葡萄球菌中大环内酯类为28％,头孢菌素类平均为42％,其它内酰胺类为48％,喹诺酮类平均为50％,青霉素类平均为51％;氨基糖苷类平均为53％,其它类为57％,结论：细菌分布广,检出种类多（104种）,耐药性严重。     

别嘌呤醇对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用

为探讨别嘌呤醇(allo)对心肌的保护作用与机理,采用离体大鼠心脏灌注模型,研究allo对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用。结果表明心肌缺血再灌注后磷酸肌酸肌酶(CPK)释放增多,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活性和丙二醛(MDA)量增加,心肌超微结构破坏明显。allo通过抑制氧自由基的生成对缺血再灌注心肌起保护作用。     

Compression or distraction of the anterior cruciate injured knee

100 consecutive patients with a recent anterior cruciate ligament injury were examined with respect to type of sports activity that caused the injury, mechanism of injury and the occurrence of collateral ligament and meniscal lesions. There were 53 medial collateral ligament injuries, 12 medial, 35 lateral and 11 bicompartmental meniscal lesions. 59 patients were injured during contact sports, 30 in downhill skiing and 11 in other recreational activities, traffic accidents or at work. An associated medial collateral, ligament tear was more common in skiing (22/30) than during contact sports (23/59), whereas a bicompartmental meniscal lesion was found more frequently in contact sports (9/59) than in skiing (0/30). Weightbearing was reported by 56/59 of the patients with contact sports injuries and by 8/30 of those with skiing injuries. Non-weightbearing in the injury situation led to the same rate of MCL tears (18/28) as those reporting weightbearing (35/72) but significantly more intact menisci (19/28 vs 23/72). Thus, contact sports injuries were more often sustained during weightbearing, with a resultant joint compression of both femuro-tibial compartments as shown by the higher incidence of bicompartmental meniscal lesions. This might be an important prognostic factor for future joint disease and arthrosis. The classic unhappy triad was a rare finding (8/100) and we suggest that this entity should be replaced by the unhappy compression injury.