Ultrasound-guided perineural injection with platelet-rich plasma improved the neurophysiological parameters of carpal tunnel syndrome: A case report

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common and sometimes challenging condition, which causes pain; paresthesia; tingling of the thumb, index and long fingers; and even thenar weakness in the hands. The effectiveness of corticosteroid injections seems to be transient, and there is a lack of information around long-term effects in previous studies. In recent years, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven to bean alternative as it encourages tissue regeneration. We hereby describe a patient with CTS showing significant improvements in electrophysiological parameters after receiving PRP injections. The results revealed significant improvements in the distal motor and sensory latencies as well as the sensory nerve action potential and compound muscle action potential amplitudes of the both median nerves. In summary, if patients are refractory to conservative treatments—such as splinting, oral medication, and corticosteroid injection—PRP may be used as an alternative before surgical intervention.     

鞘内注射氯胺酮对神经病理性痛大鼠吗啡耐受时脊髓背角突触重塑的影响

目的 探讨鞘内注射氯胺酮对神经病理性痛大鼠吗啡耐受时脊髓背角突触重塑的影响.方法 鞘内置管成功的雄性SD大鼠48只,体重200～250 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为6组(n=8),置管后5 d,神经病理性痛组(NP组)、生理盐水对照组(NS组)、吗啡组(M组)、氯胺酮组(K组)和吗啡+氯胺酮组(MK组)采用背根神经节慢性压迫法制备神经病理性痛模型,假手术组(S组)仅暴露L5椎间孔.背根神经节慢性压迫后1 d NS组鞘内注射0.9%生理盐水20止,M组和K组分别给予吗啡20μg或氯胺酮50μg,MK组给予吗啡20μg+氯胺酮50μg,1次/d,连续14 d.分别于给药前(基础状态)、给药1、3、5、7、9、11、14 d时测定机械缩足阈值(PWT)和热缩足潜伏期(PWL).最后1d给药后立即处死大鼠,取脊髓组织,其中4只采用免疫组织化学方法测定脊髓背角突触数目,另外4只用于测定脊髓背角突触后膜致密物厚度.结果 与S组比较,其余5组PWT降低,PWL缩短,NP组、NS组、M组和K组突触数目和突触后膜致密物厚度增加(P＜0.05);与NP组比较,M组、K组和MK组PWT升高,PWL延长,突触数目和突触后膜致密物厚度降低(P＜0.05);与M组比较,MK组PWT升高,PWL延长,突触数目和突触后膜致密物厚度降低(P＜0.05).结论 鞘内注射氯胺酮可抑制神经病理性痛大鼠吗啡耐受时脊髓背角突触重塑.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine on the synapsis remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during devolopment of morphine tolerance in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. IT catheter was placed in the subarachnoid space according to Yaksh. Forty-eight SD rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 6groups (n=8 each): group sham operation (group S); group NP; group normal saline 20 μl IT(group NS);group morphine 20 μg IT (group M); group ketamine 50 μg IT (group K) and group morphine 20 μ g + ketamine 50 μg IT (group MK). NP was induced by compression of right L4,5 dorsal root ganglions with steel wire inserted through L4,5 intervertebral foramen in NP,M,K and MK groups. Normal saline or morphine and/or ketamine were injected IT once a day for consecutive 14 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 days during the consecutive 14 days of administration. The animals were sacrificed after the final IT administration. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the number of synapsis in the spinal dorsal horn by immuno-histochemistry in 4 animals in each group and observation of synaptic structure remodeling using electron microscope in another 4 animals in each group. Results Compared with group S, PWT was significantly decreased and PWL was shortened in the other 5 groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly increased and the synaptic structure was thickened in NP, NS, M and K groups (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group NP,PWT was significantly increased and PWL was prolonged in M, K and MK groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M, PWT was significantly increased, PWL was prolonged, the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion IT ketamine can inhibit the synaptic remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during development of morphine tolerance in a rat model of NP.     

腹部手术患者罗库溴铵不同给药方式肌松效应的比较

目的比较腹部手术患者罗库溴铵靶控输注(TCI)、持续输注(CI)和间断静脉注射(IBI)三种给药方式的肌松效应。方法择期全麻下行腹部手术患者45例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为TCI组、CI组和IBI组(n=15)。麻醉诱导：三组均静脉注射咪唑安定0．1mg·kg~(-1)、瑞芬太尼1．5μg·kg~(-1)和TCI异丙酚2．5μg·ml~(-1),TCI组以效应室浓度3μg·ml~(-1)TCI罗库澳铵,CI组和IBI组均静脉注射罗库溴铵0．6 mg·kg~(-1)。麻醉维持：三组均维持T_1=5％,TCI组以效应室浓度增减0．1μg·ml~(-1)调控罗库溴铵TCI；CI组以初始速率为600μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),每隔5分钟以10％～20％幅度调整输注速率；IBI组间断静脉注射0．15mg·kg~(-1)。结果在肌松监测指导下,TCI组和CI组均可维持T_1=5％的肌松深度,TCI组效应室浓度呈下调趋势,CI组可达到稳态输注,调控次数高于TCI组,IBI组每间隔(27±7)min给药一次,每次间隔时间相似。TCI组罗库溴铵麻醉诱导用量多于CI组和IBI组(P＜0．05),三组维持用量差异无统计学意义。TCI组罗库溴铵诱导起效时间长于CI组和IBI组(P＜0．01)。恢复时间TCI组和CI组相似,短于IBI组(P＜0．01),但三组罗库溴铵的恢复指数差异无统计学意义。结论TCI罗库溴铵延长了起效时间,不适于麻醉诱导；但其肌松效应稳定,停止输注后恢复较快,适于麻醉维持。     

骶管注射对无坐骨神经痛性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

目的：观察骶管注射疗法对无坐骨神经痛性腰椎间盘突出症患者的疗效。方法：2010年12月至2011年6月,对就诊的65例经CT或MRI检查证实为腰椎间盘突出或膨出所致的急性腰痛且无下肢放射痛的患者随机分为骶管注射组（试验组）和腰椎斜扳组（对照组）,试验组35例,男30例,女5例,年龄3356岁,平均（43．90±1．14）岁;对照组30例,男27例,女3例,年龄3457岁,平均（44．00±1．19）岁。两组的发病时间为1 h～3 d。分别行骶管注射或腰椎斜扳手法治疗。比较治疗前和治疗后30 min两组的VAS评分。结果：所有患者经治疗后急性腰痛症状明显缓解,骶管注射组和腰椎斜扳组的VAS评分分别从（6．63±0．97）和（6．67±0．96）分减至（3．06±1．51）和（3．93±1．20）分,两种治疗方法均能改善患者VAS评分,但骶管注射组治疗要优于腰椎斜板组（P 0．05）。结论：骶管注射和腰椎斜扳疗法对无坐骨神经痛性腰椎间盘突出症急性腰痛的患者具有快速缓解的作用,且前者的疗效更佳。     

经皮穿刺臭氧盘内注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症

微创介入治疗技术是椎间盘突出症治疗技术的一个重要发展方向。从经皮穿刺切吸术到胶原酶溶解术是一个重大转变和进步,使手术操作明显简化,而仍取得良好的疗效。近年来国内外使用O3盘内注射方法治疗椎间盘突出症取得成功,但其适应证、禁忌证方面尚少有报道。我院康复医学中心自     

超声引导下药物注射联合针刀治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎

目的探讨超声引导下药物注射联合针刀治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎的临床价值。方法将52例桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎患者随机分为超声组和对照组,每组各26例。对超声组先行超声检查,观察桡骨茎突处的拇长展肌和拇短伸肌肌腱、腱鞘改变及毗邻关系;选择最佳穿刺点,于实时超声引导下行药物注射联合针刀治疗。对照组根据触诊定位进行药物注射及针刀治疗治疗。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者疼痛程度,并采用Quinnell评分评估腕关节功能,并进行统计学分析。结果超声组与对照组术前VAS评分、Quinnell评分差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。对超声组均成功完成超声引导下药物注射联合针刀治疗,对照组亦均按触诊定位完成药物注射及针刀治疗。术后1周,超声组及对照组VAS评分、Quinnell评分均明显低于术前(P均0.05),且超声组VAS评分、Quinnell评分均明显低于对照组。结论超声引导下药物注射联合针刀治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎疗效确切。     

Can bedside needle arthroscopy of the ankle be an accurate option for intra-articular delivery of injectable agents?

BACKGROUNDBedside needle arthroscopy of the ankle under local anesthesia has been proposed for intra-articular delivery of injectable agents. Accuracy and tolerability of this approach in the clinical setting–including patients with end-stage ankle pathology and/or a history of prior surgery–is not known.AIMTo assess clinical accuracy and tolerability of bedside needle arthroscopy as a delivery system for injectable agents into the tibiotalar joint.METHODSThis was a prospective study that included adult patients who were scheduled for an injection with hyaluronic acid to the tibiotalar joint. In our center, these injections are used as a last resort prior to extensive surgery. The primary outcome was injection accuracy, which was defined as injecting through the arthroscopic cannula with intra-articular positioning confirmed by a clear arthroscopic view of the joint space. Secondary outcome measures included a patient-reported numeric rating scale (NRS, 0-10) of pain during the procedure and willingness of patients to return for the same procedure. NRS of ankle pain at rest and during walking was collected at baseline and at 2-wk follow-up. Complications were monitored from inclusion up to a 2-wk control visit.RESULTSWe performed 24 inspection-injections. Eleven (46%) participants were male, and mean age was 46.8 ± 14.5 years. Osteoarthritis was the indication for injection in 20 (83%) cases, of which 8 (33%) patients suffered from osteoarthritis Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV, and 10 (42%) patients from Kellgren-Lawrence grade III. An osteochondral defect was the indication for injection in 4 (17%) cases. A history of ankle surgery was present in 14 (58%) participants and a history of multiple ankle surgeries in 11 (46%) participants. It was possible to confirm accuracy in 21 (88%) procedures. The 3 (12%) participants where needle arthroscopy did not reach a clear view of the joint space all suffered from Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV osteoarthritis. Pain during the procedure was reported with a median of 1 [interquartile ranges (IQR): 0–2]. Willingness to return was 100%. Pain in rest decreased from a median NRS of 4 (IQR: 2–7) at baseline to a median of 3 (IQR: 1–5) at follow-up (P < 0.01). Pain during walking decreased from a median NRS of 8 (IQR: 6–9) to a median of 7 (IQR: 4–8) (P < 0.01). Infections or other complications were not encountered.CONCLUSIONClinical accuracy and tolerability of bedside needle arthroscopy of the ankle as a delivery system for injectable agents are excellent. Accuracy was 100% in patients without total ventral joint obliteration.     

透明质酸钠黏弹性补充治疗膝骨性关节炎的远期疗效观察

目的:通过回顾性分析关节腔注射透明质酸钠对膝骨性关节炎的远期效果,为黏弹性补充疗法提供临床依据.方法:2006年1月至2007年8月治疗膝骨性关节炎181膝(120例),其中轻度61膝,中度72膝,重度48膝.采用透明质酸钠关节腔内注射治疗,每次2 ml,每周1次,连续5周为1个疗程.应用VAS视觉模拟标尺法、日本骨科协会(JOA)的膝关节骨性关节炎评分系统,分别于治疗前及治疗后1个月、1、2年进行疗效评估.结果:①VAS疼痛分值:治疗前平均(7.26±1.83)分,治疗后1个月平均(1.85±1.21)分,随访1年时平均(2.54±1.40)分,随访2年时平均(3.07±1.51)分,均比治疗前降低.②JOA膝关节功能评分:治疗前平均(18.7±6.6)分,治疗后1个月平均(84.3±15.5)分,1年平均(75.4±22.4)分,2年平均(64.8±25.6)分,均较治疗前提高.③远期疗效评估:采用JOA评分方法,181膝治疗后1个差45膝.随着时间推移,疗效逐渐下降.治疗2年时轻度患者优16膝,良22膝,可15膝,差8膝;中度患者优16膝,良20膝,可21膝,差15膝;重度患者优8膝,良8膝,可10膝,差22膝.结论:关节腔注射透明质酸钠对膝骨性关节炎具有良好的远期疗效,尤其对轻、中度骨性关节炎更为满意,对重度骨性关节炎近期疗效尚可,远期疗效较差.     

肝移植术患者罗库溴铵不同给药方式肌松效果的比较

目的 比较肝移植术患者间断静脉注射(Ⅳ)、静脉输注(CI)和靶控输注(TCI)罗库溴铵的肌松效果.方法 拟行肝移植术的患者36例,性别不限,年龄21～63岁,体重48～80 kg,Child-Pugh评分7～9分,肝功能Child分级B或C级,随机分为3组(n=12):Ⅳ组、CI组和TCI组.采用TOF模式进行肌松监测,Ⅳ组:麻醉诱导时静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,无肝前期T1恢复至25%时、无肝期和新肝期T4/T1(TOFR)恢复至25%时追加0.15 mg/kg.TCI组:麻醉诱导时靶控输注罗库溴铵,初始效应室靶浓度3μg/ml,调整靶浓度,维持T1 5%～10%;无肝期和新肝期开始时暂停TCI,随后以效应室靶浓度0.1μg/ml再次输注,调整靶浓度,维持T15%～10%.CI组:麻醉诱导时静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,无肝前期以30μg·kg-1·min-1的速率开始静脉输注,调节输注速率,维持T1 5%～10%,无肝期和新肝期开始时暂停CI,随后以1μg·kg-1·min-1的速率静脉再次输注,调整输注速率,维持T15%～10%.各组于肌松达最大效应时行气管插管,于缝合腹膜后停止给药.记录麻醉诱导时罗库溴铵肌松起效时间、T1最大抑制程度和气管插管条件满意情况;记录各组无肝期T1 25%恢复时间及TOFR 25%恢复时间,新肝期停药后T125%恢复时间、TOFR 25%恢复时间、TOFR 75%恢复时间、TOFR90%恢复时间及恢复指数;记录罗库溴铵总用量.结果 与Ⅳ组比较,TCI组和CI组气管插管条件满意率、罗库溴铵总用量、麻醉诱导时罗库溴铵起效时间、T1最大抑制程度和各期肌松恢复情况差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肌松效应监测图显示Ⅳ组各期罗库溴铵肌松效应波动较大,TCI组和CI组各期肌松效应较为平稳.结论 采用Ⅳ、CI和TCI给药时,肝移植术患者罗库溴铵肌松起效和恢复情况无差异,而采用TCI或CI给药时,肌松效应较Ⅳ更加平稳.     

剖宫产术患者蛛网膜下腔注射不同等比重局麻药的药效学

目的 探讨剖宫产术患者蛛网膜下腔注射不同等比重局麻药的药效学.方法 拟在脊椎-硬膜外联合阻滞下行剖宫产术患者96例,孕37～41周,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,体重50～85kg,随机分为3组(n=32):布比卡因组、左旋布比卡因组和罗哌卡因组分别于蛛网膜下腔注射等比重0.5%布比卡因、等比重0.5%左旋布比卡因和等比重0.5%罗哌卡因.采用序贯法进行试验,初始剂量为9 mg,相邻剂量比为0.9,麻醉有效,则下一例患者采用低一级剂量;麻醉无效,则下一例患者采用高一级剂量.麻醉有效的标准:注射局麻药后15 min内感觉阻滞平面达到T7或以上、术中无牵拉痛、注射局麻药后45 min内硬膜外不需要追加局麻药.计算3种局麻药麻醉的半数有效剂量(ED50)和95%有效剂量(ED95)及其95%可信区间(95%CI).结果 布比卡因麻醉有效的ED50(95%CI)、ED95(95%CI)分别为6.15(5.48～6.68)mg、7.62(6.91～11.82)mg;左旋布比卡因麻醉有效的ED50(95%CI)、ED95(95%CI)分别为8.06(7.46～8.62)mg、9.59(8.86～13.42)mg;罗哌卡因麻醉有效的ED50(95%CI)、ED95(95%CI)分别为10.55(9.73～11.49)mg、12.80(11.66～21.42)mg.布比卡因、左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因的效价比为1.00:0.76:0.58.结论 剖宫产术患者蛛网膜下腔注射等比重布比卡因、左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因麻醉有效的效价比为1.00∶0.76∶0.58.