永久性肠造口患者健康素养量表的编制

目的 构建永久性肠造口患者健康素养评估工具。 方法 参考国内外文献与质性访谈,建立量表条目池,通过2轮专家咨询对条目进行删改,调查220例永久性肠造口患者进行信效度评定。 结果 正式量表包括3个领域31个条目,功能领域产生4个公因子（获取肠造口信息能力、阅读肠造口信息能力、理解肠造口信息能力、交流肠造口信息能力）,知识领域产生2个公因子（肠造口预防保健知识、肠造口护理技能知识）,态度领域产生2个公因子（肠造口观点、肠造口行为倾向）。8个公因子的方差累积贡献率56.787%。量表水平内容效度0.890,量表Cronbach′s α系数0.864,折半信度系数0.923。 结论 永久性肠造口患者健康素养量表信效度良好,可作为永久性肠造口患者健康素养测评工具。     

车站客运人员健康素养现状调查及其影响因素分析

目的了解车站客运人员健康素养现状及其影响因素,为以后开展有针对性的卫生相关工作提供依据。方法采用《中国公民健康素养调查问卷》对车站客运人员进行调查。结果车站客运人员健康素养合格率为6.49%,其中基本知识和健康理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能具备率分别为40.54%、70.00%、89.19%。干部健康素养水平高于其它岗位职工(χ2=5.29,P0.05),大专学历以上职工健康素养水平高于大专以下职工(χ2=5.27,P0.05)。结论车站客运人员健康素养总体水平与各省市调查结果相当,健康素养水平受到性别、年龄、婚姻、文化程度等因素的影响,培训可以较快提高健康技能,但健康理念、健康生活方式与行为的改变可能需要较长时间。     

江苏省淮安市常住居民健康素养影响因素分析

目的 了解江苏省淮安市常住居民健康素养水平分布状况,并探索其影响因素,为制定健康教育干预策略和措施提供依据.方法 采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2012年9至12月对淮安市15～ 69岁3 480名常住居民进行问卷调查,调查内容分为基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、基本技能等三个维度;按健康问题分为科学健康观、传染病预防、慢性病预防、安全与急救、基本医疗和其他等6类.对健康素养水平影响因素进行x2检验和Logistic回归分析.结果 3 480名调查对象具备健康素养水平的人数为424名,健康素养水平为12.2％.单因素分析显示,城乡、性别、不同年龄组、不同文化程度、不同职业人群、家庭年收入高低,健康素养水平差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相对于农村,城市对健康素养影响的OR （95％ CI）值为1.558（1.234～ 1.966）;相对于不识字或识字很少,小学、初中、高中/职高/中专、大专/本科及以上对健康素养影响的OR（95％CI）值分别为4.651 （2.327～9.295）、9.833 （5.121～ 18.880）、15.451 （7.798～ 30.615）和22.937（10.766～ 48.870）;相对于公务员,医务人员对健康素养影响的OR（95％CI）值为3.789（1.292～11.114）;相对于家庭年收入＜30 000元,≥30 000元对健康素养影响的OR（95％CI）值为1.478（1.149～1.901）,是健康素养的促进（危险）因素.结论 淮安市15～ 69岁常住居民健康素养水平为12.2％,健康素养水平较低,应加强健康素养干预和监测研究,制定有效的对策和措施,促进健康素养水平的全面提高.     

Patient Education and Engagement through Social Media

This review addresses the demographics of social media users and their relative health literacy. Means of overcoming health inequities via social media and the role of social media in patient education and engagement are explored. This review discusses forms of appropriate patient engagement, including the pitfalls of social media use.     

Child fever management: A comparative study of Australian parents with limited and functional health literacy

Health literacy, or the ability to read and understand health information, is critical to the health of children. In this study, we compared the fever management knowledge of parents attending the emergency department with a child with fever. A cross‐sectional survey of 33 parents/carers with limited health literacy and 122 with functional health literacy was undertaken. There were no differences in the overall proportion of correct responses to knowledge or management questions posed by the two scales between the two groups. Both groups presented with limited knowledge and poor practices (<60% correct in both scales) in relation to fever knowledge and management in their children. Although health literacy impacts health utilization, we did not find any differences in these groups. Inappropriate practices, such as when to give medications, were evident. Educational programs, responsive to health literacy, are urgently needed to address these information needs for parents. An assessment of parents' health literacy level can guide the selection of information that can be easily read, understood, and acted upon to deliver the best health outcomes for children.     

Providing Assistance for Older Adult Financial Exploitation Victims: Implications for Clinical Gerontologists

Background and Objective: Despite the growth of financial exploitation research in the past decade, almost none has focused on older urban adults, and especially urban African Americans. The Success After Financial Exploitation (SAFE) program provides individual financial coaching to older urban adults.

Methods: We use community education, delivered separately to older adults and to the professionals who serve them, to raise awareness about financial exploitation (FE) and to motivate referrals for financial coaching. This paper describes the program and methodology, and uses case examples and preliminary research to investigate the intersection of FE and physical and mental health functioning.

Results: SAFE participants were able to repair their credit scores, reduce new financial burdens, and even recover monies they had lost due to FE. Case examples illustrate how financial scams and identity theft impacts urban older adults. Participants were assessed prior to the provision of services, and SAFE participants performed poorer on executive functioning tasks than participants in the control group. They also reported more physical health problems and anxiety and depressive symptoms. SAFE participants also had significantly higher risk scores on a financial decision-making scale.

Conclusion: Study findings advance our understanding of the impacts of FE on cognitive functioning, mental health, and financial decision-making.

Clinical Implications: Clinicians need to be more attuned to the financial health of their older clients, who, if they are struggling with financial exploitation, may also be suffering from problems with cognitive functioning and physical and mental health.     

Physician notification of their diabetes patients’ limited health literacy: A randomized,controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Many patients with chronic disease have limited health literacy (HL). Because physicians have difficulty identifying these patients, some experts recommend instituting screening programs in clinical settings. It is unclear if notifying physicians of patients' limited HL improves care processes or outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether notifying physicians of their patients' limited HL affects physician behavior, physician satisfaction, or patient self-efficacy. DESIGN: We screened all patients for limited HL and randomized physicians to be notified if their patients had limited HL skills. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three primary care physicians affiliated with a public hospital and 182 diabetic patients with limited HL. MEASUREMENTS: After their visit, physicians reported their management strategies, satisfaction, perceived effectiveness, and attitudes toward HL screening. We also assessed patients' self-efficacy, feelings regarding HL screening's usefulness, and glycemic control. RESULTS: Intervention physicians were more likely than control physicians to use management strategies recommended for patients with limited HL (OR 3.2, P=.04). However, intervention physicians felt less satisfied with their visits (81% vs 93%, P=.01) and marginally less effective (38% vs 53%, P=.10). Intervention and control patients' post-visit self-efficacy scores were similar (12.6 vs 12.9, P=.6). Sixty-four percent of intervention physicians and 96% of patients felt HL screening was useful. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians are responsive to receiving notification of their patients' limited HL, and patients support the potential utility of HL screening. However, instituting screening programs without specific training and/or system-wide support for physicians and patients is unlikely to be a powerful tool in improving diabetes outcomes.     

吉林省儿童口腔健康素养及其保健行为现状分析

目的 了解吉林省儿童的口腔健康素养的掌握情况与行为的实施情况,为制定口腔保健干预提供科学依据。方法 整群抽取吉林省内8所学校一至五年级9 391名小学生,采用自行设计问卷进行调查。结果 口腔健康素养调查结果显示,在口腔保健知识中,使用含氟牙膏、更换牙刷时间和睡前刷牙的正确回答率分别为46.7%、70.3%和85.5%;口腔保健技能中,牙齿缝隙刷洗、牙齿表面刷洗及刷牙时间各为68.5%、64.7%和75.2%;口腔保健行为中,早晚都刷牙、睡前不吃东西和饭后漱口分别为77.5%、93.7%和84.6%。结论 吉林省儿童的口腔健康素养偏低,口腔保健行为有待于提高。学校、社区和家庭共同推动儿童健康促进,提高儿童口腔健康素养和保健行为,促进儿童口腔健康。