武汉地区目标人群结直肠癌筛查4年初步报告

目的 了解武汉地区结直肠癌的患病率,探索并分析开展城市居民恶性肿瘤二级预防的措施和序贯粪隐血筛检试验（SFOBT）方案的应用。方法采用整群分层随机抽样,选取19个筛查点的63961人作为目标人群,连续4年对筛查对象（40岁以上者）进行SFOBT,对阳性者行结肠镜精筛。结果目标人群中的筛查对象25837例（40．4％）,接受SFOBT者7784例（30．1％）,男女比例1．0：1．1．中位年龄56岁。SFOBT阳性者956例（12.3％）,其中240例（25．1％）接受结肠镜检查,检出有病变者214例（89．2％）,其中结直肠癌14例（6．5％）,TNMⅠ、Ⅱ期11例,占检出结直肠癌的78．6％;结直肠腺瘤53例（24．8％）;直肠炎75例（35．0％）;溃疡性结肠炎5例（2.3％）;痔和肛门疾病65例（30．4％）;胃癌2例（0．8％）。结论武汉地区40岁以上人群结直肠癌的患病率为6．5％,SFOBT方案能比较有效地从目标人群中检出早期结直肠癌和癌前病变。     

Attitudes and Beliefs of Pig Farmers and Wild Boar Hunters Towards Reporting of African Swine Fever in Bulgaria,Germany and the Western Part of the Russian Federation

This study investigated the attitudes and beliefs of pig farmers and hunters in Germany, Bulgaria and the western part of the Russian Federation towards reporting suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF). Data were collected using a web‐based questionnaire survey targeting pig farmers and hunters in these three study areas. Separate multivariable logistic regression models identified key variables associated with each of the three binary outcome variables whether or not farmers would immediately report suspected cases of ASF, whether or not hunters would submit samples from hunted wild boar for diagnostic testing and whether or not hunters would report wild boar carcasses. The results showed that farmers who would not immediately report suspected cases of ASF are more likely to believe that their reputation in the local community would be adversely affected if they were to report it, that they can control the outbreak themselves without the involvement of veterinary services and that laboratory confirmation would take too long. The modelling also indicated that hunters who did not usually submit samples of their harvested wild boar for ASF diagnosis, and hunters who did not report wild boar carcasses are more likely to justify their behaviour through a lack of awareness of the possibility of reporting. These findings emphasize the need to develop more effective communication strategies targeted at pig farmers and hunters about the disease, its epidemiology, consequences and control methods, to increase the likelihood of early reporting, especially in the Russian Federation where the virus circulates.     

广东省肇庆市2015—2018年禽类市场环境禽流感病毒监测

目的 了解肇庆市2015—2018年禽类市场环境中禽流感病毒的动态分布情况,为肇庆市禽流感预警和防控工作提供参考依据。方法 采集2015—2018年肇庆市9个县（市、区）的禽类市场环境标本,用实时荧光PCR法进行A型流感病毒(FluA)核酸检测,FluA阳性标本进行H5、H7、H9亚型流感病毒分型。结果 共采集禽类市场环境标本 4 508份,其中FluA核酸阳性标本共1 154份,总阳性检出率为25.60%;H5、H7、H9和A型未分型阳性检出率分别为 5.72%、2.75%、17.48%和4.44%。FluA阳性检出率在肇庆市9个县（市、区）之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中阳性检出率最高是鼎湖区。FluA阳性检出率及其他亚型阳性检出率在1、2月份明显高于其他月份,冬春季为禽流感病毒的感染高峰期。FluA阳性检出率在5种类型监测标本之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭标本(简称案板)阳性检出率最高(33.04%),笼具表面擦拭标本(简称笼具)次之(27.22%)。结论 肇庆市禽类市场环境中存在H5、H7、H9及多种亚型混合的致病性禽流感病毒潜在传播风险,尤其在冬春季,需结合人感染高致病性禽流感的流行状况,加强禽类从业人群的健康教育与禽类市场环境禽流感病毒监测,对人感染禽流感发生的预警和风险评估有重要意义。     

Interferon-induced Transmembrane Protein 3 Prevents Acute Influenza Pathogenesis in Mice

Objective Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3(IFITM3) is an important member of the IFITM family. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its antiviral action have not been completely elucidated. Recent studies on IFITM3, particularly those focused on innate antiviral defense mechanisms, have shown that IFITM3 affects the body's adaptive immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of IFITM3 proteins to immune control of influenza infection in vivo.Methods We performed proteomics, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry analysis and used bioinformatics tools to systematically compare and analyze the differences in natural killer(NK) cell numbers, their activation, and their immune function in the lungs of Ifitm3-/-and wild-type mice.Results Ifitm3-/-mice developed more severe inflammation and apoptotic responses compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, the NK cell activation was higher in the lungs of Ifitm3-/-mice during acute influenza infection.Conclusions Based on our results, we speculate that the NK cells are more readily activated in the absence of IFITM3, increasing mortality in Ifitm3-/-mice.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎与流感病毒肺炎临床特征对比研究

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)与流感病毒肺炎(IVP)病例临床表现、实验室指标和影像学特征之间的差异。方法 选取2020年1月20日～2月22日六安市人民医院确诊的COVID-19患者62例纳入COVID-19组,选取排除COVID-19且确诊为IVP患者31例纳入IVP组,比较分析两组患者的临床症状、体征、血常规、生化指标、炎症指标,以及肺部CT影像学病灶的性状、分布、累及的肺段数量等资料的差异。结果 COVID-19组患者中咳痰比例11.29% (7例),低于IVP组38.71%(12例);COVID-19组患者β-2微球蛋白>3.0 pg/mL比例为48.39%(30例),高于IVP组25.81%(8例),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。COVID-19组患者肺部CT影像病灶形态表现为磨玻璃影比例91.94%(57例),高于IVP组29.03%(9例),呈现片絮影比例1.61%(1例),低于IVP组74.19%(23例),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COVID-19组病灶分布多位于肺野外侧带、胸膜下,高于IVP组[56.45%(35例）比 9.68%(3例）],病灶散在分布表现高于IVP组[40.32%(25例) 比 9.68%(3例）];病灶呈双侧肺野分布比例82.26%(51例),高于IVP组35.48% (11例),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);COVID-19组病灶累及肺段数目≥10个比例为32.26%(20例),高于IVP组3.22%(1例),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IVP表现咳痰较COVID-19多;COVID-19患者β-2微球蛋白升高更多;肺部CT影像多表现斑片磨玻璃影,病灶多呈双肺散在分布,多位于肺野外侧带(胸膜下),累及肺段较多,而IVP多表现密度稍高的片絮影,病灶多沿细支气管纹理分布,累及肺段相对较少。     

视频监控下借助“改良版心肺复苏质量报告卡”对院外心脏骤停患者院内救治的质量控制

<正>据统计院外心脏骤停(out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,OHCA)的存活率仅波动于2%～12%之间^[1]。而心肺复苏(cardio-pulmonary resuscitation,CPR)是救治心脏骤停最核心的手段,高质量的CPR能改善心脏骤停患者的结局。到目前为主,美国心脏学会(American heart association,AHA)CPR指南已经历了9次更新,CPR的理论知识基本稳定,但临床实践中与其尚存在差距,不同的医疗机构CPR质量参差不齐,     

广东省血吸虫病巩固监测情况分析及防治对策探讨

目的了解广东省血吸虫病传播阻断后的疫情动态,探讨新形势下的防治措施。方法建立血吸虫病监测系统,在原疫区对钉螺和传染源进行同步监测。结果1996-2006年共查螺7120.29万平方米,未发现活的钉螺。复查历史病人14893人,复治2747人,复治率为18.44%(2747/14893);外来人口调查:皮试检查2353人,阳性率为2.42%(57/2353),血清学检查7749人,阳性率为0.70%(54/7749);低年龄组人群调查:皮试检查9073人,阳性率为3.84%(348/9073),血清学检查11498人,阳性率为5.00%(575/11498),阳性者经粪检复查未发现血吸虫感染者。解剖野鼠1753只,检查耕牛18266头,均未发现血吸虫虫卵阳性。通过被动监测,2004年,2005和2006年分别报告输入性病例46例、8例和36例,以珠江三角洲地区报告病例数最多,占94.44%(82/90);年龄以15～55岁人群为主,占78.89%(71/90);职业以工人为主,占30.00%(27/90);其中急性感染病例2004年和2005年分别有1例和3例。结论目前广东省血吸虫病防治成果巩固,但必须加强监测,重点是输入性传染源及钉螺的监测。     

广州市市售食品食源性致病菌污染状况调查

目的了解广州市市售食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况。方法采用随机抽样方法分别对我市10个区以及两个地级市的集贸市场、超市、宾馆饭店及个体熟食销售点的7类食品共363份样品中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、单增李斯特菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7、空肠弯曲菌等6种致病菌依据国标的方法进行了监测。结果363件样品中检出致病菌72株。其中副溶血性弧菌检出率为33.93%,主要污染水产品;金黄色葡萄球菌为3.00%,主要污染熟食品;沙门氏菌和单增李斯特菌检出率分别为1.93%和0.66%;未检出大肠杆菌O157:H7和空肠弯曲菌。在各类食品中,致病菌带菌数有显著性差异(以!2检验,P<0.005)。水产品致病菌带菌率最高,以副溶血性弧菌为主;其次为生肉类,以检出沙门氏菌为多。结论我市市售食品存在食源性致病菌污染,水产品和生肉类是主要污染食品。应加强市售食品监督管理,以减少可能引起食源性疾病的因素。