提高下腔静脉滤器回收率核心要点

静脉血栓栓塞症是院内常见的致死性心血管疾病之一,应用下腔静脉滤器能大幅度降低致死性肺栓塞的发生率,同时下腔静脉滤器长期植入带来的相关并发症不可忽视。越来越多的指南推荐当肺栓塞风险可控时应及时回收腔静脉滤器。但是由于临床理念与技术发展差异,临床上下腔静脉滤器的总体回收率并不高,大多数滤器最终还是永久性植入。减少滤器的并发症并大幅度提高下腔静脉滤器回收率须做到以下3点：（1）明确植入指征,严格选择,规范操作,精准植入。（2）植入后对滤器进行系统监测,及时处理原发血栓,充分抗凝。（3）有效处理滤器内血栓,回收技术规范化,充分利用多种介入技术提高回收率。     

肝包虫囊肿压迫下腔静脉的外科治疗

目的探讨肝包虫囊肿压迫下腔静脉的外科治疗。方法采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2013年5月至2018年5月石河子大学医学院第一附属医院收治的10例肝包虫囊肿压迫下腔静脉病人的临床资料;男7例,女3例;年龄为(46±5)岁,年龄范围为38~51岁。根据术中肝包虫囊肿与下腔静脉的贴合程度以及囊肿完整切除的难易程度,分别行外膜内外囊完整切除术、外膜内外囊次全切除术、外膜内外囊完整切除联合下腔静脉部分切除术。观察指标:(1)手术情况。(2)术后情况。(3)随访情况。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,于术后3、6、12、24个月门诊随访1次。行彩色多普勒超声检查了解病人肝包虫囊肿复发及下腔静脉栓塞情况。随访终点为术后2年,随访次要终点为肝包虫囊肿复发。随访时间截至2020年5月。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示。计数资料以绝对数表示。结果(1)手术情况:10例病人均顺利完成手术,7例行外膜内外囊完整切除术,2例行外膜内外囊次全切除术,1例行外膜内外囊完整切除联合下腔静脉部分切除术。10例病人术中无大出血及感染性休克发生。10例病人手术时间为(99±27)min;术中出血量为(99±48)mL。(2)术后情况:10例病人术后2~5 d拔除引流管,无术后出血、术后残腔感染、术后胆瘘发生,无围术期死亡病人,术后住院时间为(7.1±1.8)d。(3)随访情况:10例病人中,9例完成终点随访,随访时间内均无肝包虫囊肿复发及下腔静脉栓塞形成;1例病人于术后12个月,第3次随访失访,此病人术后3、6个月随访未发现肝包虫囊肿复发及下腔静脉栓塞。结论外膜内外囊完整切除术、外膜内外囊次全切除术、外膜内外囊完整切除联合下腔静脉部分切除术均能完整切除肝包虫囊肿。     

Novel Rim Plating Technique for Treatment of the Inferior Pole Fracture of the Patella

To aim of the present paper was to introduce a novel fixation technique for the treatment of inferior pole fracture of the patella. We performed a prospective observational study of consecutive cases of inferior pole fracture of the patella that were treated at our institution between January 2018 and June 2019. The patients include three men and one woman, with an average age of 47 years (range: 42–59 years). All patients were treated with the novel rim plating fixation technique for preserving the inferior pole of the patella. During the surgery, a 2.4 mm straight locking compression plate was contoured to adapt to the arc of the lower half of the patella as the rim plate. After reduction of the fracture, the rim plate was fixed to the proximal fragment of the patella through multiple locking screws, against the continuous pull of the patellar tendon. The rim plate encircles and constricts the inferior pole fragments, functioning as a compression and blocking construct. If necessary, an additional anterior tension band or mini locking plate can be used to further prevent anterior displacement of the inferior pole fragments. Under this rigid fixation, motion of the knee and full weight‐bearing were encouraged postoperatively. The patients were followed up monthly until 12 months after surgery. The time to achieve 90°pain‐free, full range of motion of the knee, and fracture healing, were recorded. Related complications were monitored, including infection, loss of reduction, fixation failure, anterior knee pain, and soft‐tissue irritation. The modified Cincinnati knee rating system was used for knee function assessment. The average operative time was 58.8 min (range: 52–63 min). The average blood loss was 59.8 mL (range: 45–71 mL). For all patients, pain‐free 90° range of motion was restored in 2–4 weeks, and the full range of motion was restored in 8–11 weeks. All patients achieved bone union in 6–9 weeks with no displacement of the fragments or breakage of the implant. No patient complained of anterior knee pain or soft‐tissue irritation. The modified Cincinnati score at 12‐month follow up demonstrated excellent outcomes in all four patients. The rim plating technique may be a feasible option for the treatment of the inferior pole fracture of the patella.     

Inferior vena cava injury after blunt trauma: Case report

Introductioninferior vena cava IVC injury is rare with lethal outcomes, the clinical signs depends on the location and associated injuries, andt he treatment might be endovascular, surgical.Clinical caseA 25 years with no medical history was admitted to the emergency department after a car accident. After intubation and hemodynamic stabilization, the computerized tomography CT scan showed hepatic laceration with a rupture of the IVC in the retro-hepatic portion, he was admitted to the operation room for damage control laparotomy; the patient died 12 h after the operation despite appropriate management.ConclusionIVC are rare and lethal, the CT scan remains the gold standard and the evolution of endovascular techniques decreased the mortality rate.     

Functional paraganglioma with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava,first case report

Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is a rare neuroendocrine that tumor originated from the adrenal medulla that secrets catecholamines. Tumors from extra-adrenal chromaffin tissues are called extra-adrenal PHEO or paraganglioma (PGL). To our knowledge, adrenal PHEO and subclinical PGL with inferior vena cava (IVC) invasion had been sporadically reported, while functional PGL with IVC tumor thrombus has not been publicly reported yet. Perioperative management of those diseases is less well established because of their multidisciplinary nature and rarity. We herein present a case of primary malignant PGL with IVC invasion. A 16-year-old female patient with a history of severe paroxysmal hypertension was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital on suspicion of retroperitoneal mass. In-house diagnostic work-up revealed a malignant PGL with IVC invasion, inferior mesenteric artery encasement and, aorta engagement. Multi-disciplinary discussions were held and careful preoperative preparation plans were made. After everything was ready, the functional PGL and tumor thrombus were completely resected, then a reconstruction of IVC was performed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 14 and all her clinical symptoms disappeared afterward. No evidence of tumor residual or metastasis was found in the subsequent six months of follow-up. Gene tests were made for her and her family. Albeit its rarity, functional PGL with IVC invasion is not unresectable, a multi-disciplinary task force should be established to settle down every detail. We recommended 3-dimensional imaging reconstruction for gaining a better anatomic understanding. Literature reviews showed that complete resection is the premise of a good prognosis. In particular cases, complementary or alternative therapy like chemotherapy and ¹³¹I-metaiodobenzylguanidine might help, family hereditary genetic tests are advised as well.     

肾静脉上结扎大鼠下腔静脉后的血流动力学和肾功能改变及其临床意义

目的探讨肾静脉平面以上结扎大鼠下腔静脉后的心、肾功能及肾脏病理改变。方法在肾静脉平面以上结扎大鼠下腔静脉,术后1,6,24,48h检测心率、射血分数、心输出量、每搏输出量、鼠尾动脉压等心脏血流动力学指标。术后6h、12h、24h、2d、3d、4d、5d、7d检测血肌酐、尿素氮、24h尿量及N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷(NAG)酶并观察肾脏病理改变。结果肾静脉平面以上结扎大鼠下腔静脉后心输出量减少、血压下降,但至术后48h可完全代偿。术后血肌酐、尿素氮、尿NAG酶升高,肾脏瘀血并见大量管型;术后第3天,肾脏恢复正常结构;术后第4天,血肌酐、尿素氮恢复正常;术后第5天,尿NAG酶恢复正常。所有动物均存活。结论肾静脉平面以上结扎大鼠下腔静脉,可因回心血量急骤减少和双肾瘀血而影响心、肾功能。但心功能术后48h即可完全代偿。肾功能术后第5天即可完全代偿。建议当腹膜后肿瘤侵及肾静脉以上段下腔静脉时,可在切除肿瘤及累及下腔静脉段后,直接结扎下腔静脉残端,不必附加切除右肾。术后早期应注意经上肢浅静脉补充液体以增加回心血量。     

Relationship between venous return and right-atrial pressure

The dynamics and amplitude of changes in venous return and right atrial pressure (central venous pressure) in response to pressor stimuli were studied in acute experiments on cats. The increase in venous return was accompanied by either increase, or decrease in the central venous pressure. Thus, shifts in systemic venous return were not accompanied by simultaneous and co-directed changes in the central venous pressure. These findings suggest the absence of a direct relationship between these parameters.     

肝段下腔静脉阻塞症的外科治疗（附54例报告）

目的 探讨肝段下腔静脉阻塞症的有效治疗方法。方法 ５４例病人中,２０例下腔静脉隔膜破膜术,５例行下腔静脉切开根治性隔膜切除术,１６例行下腔静脉右心耳人造血管转流术,８例行肠系膜上静脉－右心耳人造血管转流术;４例作了下腔静脉－右心耳、肠系膜上静脉、下腔静脉人造血管联合转流术,１例行肺包脾手术。结果 本组５４例患者中,除３例分别于术后１２ｄ、４５ｄ、７个月因肝肾功能衰竭死亡死亡外,其余５１例术后症状明     

42例中心静脉置管术的临床应用

目的：探讨内科急危重患为进行静脉营养,休克救治及中心静脉压监测,肿瘤的系统化疗,建立静脉通路最人选择与术后护理。方法：４２例中选择锁骨下静脉置管术１１例,选择腋静脉末端置管术３１例。结果：术后经Ｘ检查,导管前端到达上腔静脉３９例,到位率为９２．８％,到达颈内静脉３例（占７．１４％）,无气胸、血胸、空气栓塞等并发症。结论：内科危重症患及肺心病、肺癌、脓胸、扩张型心肌病建立静脉通道可选用腋静脉末端     

B超对肺癌急症的诊断及疗效评估

目的评价Ｂ超对肺癌急症的快速鉴别诊断价值。方法应用Ｂ超诊断肺癌急症３５例,其中有中央型右上肺癌肿块压迫引起的上腔静脉综合征（ＳＶＣ）５例,探查取胸骨右缘第２、３肋间;中大量心包积液伴亚急性心包填塞症１０例,包括心肌与心包转移癌致急性出血性心包积液２例,探查取心前区及左腋前线第５、６肋间;恶性胸腔大量积液２０例,探查位于两侧背部膈上。介入性治疗,Ｂ超定位穿刺抽液并腔内注入中药榄香烯乳,配合临床化疗药物、输血等综合治疗。结果在４周内急症得到暂时缓解者占８２．８％,稳定占８．５％,无效占８．５％。结论简便、可重复性的超声诊断及时、可靠,并可提供疗效参考依据,证实榄香烯乳对控制急性心肌心包出血有特效,起乳剂微栓止血作用。对部分包裹性胸腔积液无效。Ｂ超对ＳＶＣ诊断有一定局限性。