EMA-PCR技术快速鉴别死活腺病毒的初探

目的 探讨采用叠氮溴化乙锭（EMA）联合聚合酶链反应（PCR）快速鉴别死活腺病毒的方法。方法将不同稀释度的病毒接种至生长良好的单层细胞上,通过细胞病变效应（CPE）的发生情况计算病毒滴度;将3种腺病毒和新城疫鸡瘟病毒分别制备成106 PFU/mL的母液并梯度稀释备用,提取DNA后用PCR扩增后进行凝胶电泳,观察目的片段的扩增结果;分别用0 μg/mL、70 μg/mL、120 μg/mL和150 μg/mL的EMA处理灭活后的腺病毒,提取DNA进行PCR,观察目的片段的电泳结果;用120 μg/mL的EMA处理107 PFU/mL、106 PFU/mL、105 PFU/mL、104 PFU/mL、103 PFU/mL的腺病毒,观察PCR和凝胶电泳结果。结果 104 PFU/mL及以上滴度的病毒DNA PCR后得到阳性条带,其他滴度的病毒DNA PCR后未检测到阳性条带;3个型别的腺病毒（共8个分离株）的DNA均扩增出目的条带,新城疫鸡瘟病毒的DNA未扩增出目的条带;120 μg/mL及150 μg/mL的EMA抑制灭活腺病毒DNA 扩增,未得到阳性条带;120 μg/mL EMA不影响107 PFU/mL、106 PFU/mL、105 PFU/mL的腺病毒活病毒DNA扩增,得到阳性条带。结论 本研究证实EMA-PCR方法可快速鉴别死活腺病毒,能有效避免单纯PCR检测腺病毒产生的假阳性结果。     

Ventricular septal fistula formation due to infectious endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient with aortic valve replacement

We report a case of infectious endocarditis in a 77-year-old woman who was undergoing maintenance hemodialysis therapy, and who was also having a prosthetic aortic valve replacement. The disease resulted from a local skin infection at the needle puncture site of the arteriovenous fistula. Ampicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the causal organism. Surgical treatment could not be performed because of associated intracranial hemorrhage due to septic embolism. In spite of intensive treatment with several antibiotics, a ventricular septal abscess just beneath the prosthetic aortic valve progressed to form a ventricular septal fistula. The resultant intracardiac left-to-right shunt led to refractory congestive heart failure. The patient finally died of heart failure. The formation of a ventricular septal fistula is considered to be a rare and extraordinary complication of infectious endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient with aortic valve replacement. Received: July 25, 2001 / Accepted: November 3, 2001     

原发性椎间隙感染的诊断与外科治疗

目的探讨原发性椎间隙感染的诊断与外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1999年5月～2005年7月收治的原发性椎间隙感染19例（其中胸椎4例、腰椎15例）患者的临床资料及治疗效果。所有患者均无椎间盘手术病史及脊柱封闭或穿刺史,纳入诊断均靠术中术后病理确诊。全部病例均因非手术治疗无效后行病灶清除、植骨并内固定术。术中病灶清除后局部应用抗生素,术后继续抗感染治疗。结果所有患者术后腰背部疼痛、活动受限等症状明显缓解,体温正常。术前伴有脊髓神经损伤的9例患者术后神经功能均得到不同程度恢复。19例中仅有l例术后脓液细菌培养结果提示为金黄色葡萄球菌生长,其余均为无菌生长。所有病例术后病理结果均提示有中性粒细胞、浆细胞或巨噬细胞浸润,考虑炎性改变。随访13～42个月,平均25个月,均无复发。影像学检查示椎体序列良好,植骨节段均骨性融合,无内固定器松动、断裂。术前误诊为“脊柱结核”8例。结论MRI有利于原发性椎间隙感染的早期诊断,但确诊需以病理为准;病灶彻底清除、植骨并加强内固定有利于治疗该疾病,但需严格掌握手术适应证。     

2008～2012年揭东县法定传染病疫情分析

目的：了解揭东县法定传染病疫情变化情况,为制定传染病预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对揭东县2008～2012年法定传染病疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果揭东县2018～2012年共报告法定传染病23种14522例,年平均发病率为225.88/10万,发病前3位的依次为肺结核5571例（占38.36%）,乙型肝炎3861例（占26.59%）,手足口病1919例（占13.21%）。结论肺结核、病毒性肝炎仍是揭东县最常见传染病,梅毒、淋病、手足口病、感染性腹泻的发病率呈上升趋势,需要进一步加强监测和预防控制。     

细菌性肝脓肿患者发生血小板减少影响因素研究

背景细菌性肝脓肿(PLA)是临床常见的内脏器官感染性疾病,既往PLA发生血小板减少的临床研究较少。目的 分析PLA患者发生血小板减少的流行病学和临床特征,并探讨发生血小板减少的影响因素。方法 纳入北京大学人民医院2011年1月至2020年12月161例因PLA住院的患者为研究对象。收集患者资料,包括年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、发病症状(发热、腹痛、恶心、呕吐)、既往病史信息(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肝胆疾病、恶性肿瘤);收集患者入院时辅助检查结果,包括白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞绝对值(ALC)、单核细胞绝对值、血红蛋白、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBiL)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、白蛋白(ALB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体(D-Dimer)、血小板计数(PLT);收集患者肝脓肿影像学检查(腹部CT或超声)结果(是否多个脓肿)、病原学检查结果(血培养、培养出肺炎克雷伯菌比例);收集患者的并发症情况及预后情况。根据外周血PLT是否<1...     

Global Epidemic of Ebola Virus Disease and the Importation Risk into China: An Assessment Based on the Risk Matrix Method

Objective To analyze the global epidemic status of the Ebola virus disease(EVD) and assess the importation risk into China.Methods Data from World Health Organization reports were used. We described the global epidemic status of EVD from 1976–2021, and assessed and ranked the importation risk of EVD from the diseaseoutbreaking countries into China using the risk matrix and Borda count methods, respectively.Results From 1976–2021, EVD mainly occurred in western and central Africa, with the highes...     

Comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become endemic in Detroit, accounting for 50% of bacteremias in heroin abusers. To identify the salient epidemiologic and clinical features of MRSA bacteremia, case-control studies were performed comparing 28 cases of MRSA bacteremia to 28 cases of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in intravenous drug abusers. Infective endocarditis was diagnosed in 46.4% (13 of 28). In endocarditis and nonendocarditis bacteremia alike, the duration of fever, length of hospitalization, need for surgery, and mortality rates were similar. A history of recent antimicrobial therapy, especially cephalosporins, was more common in the MRSA group (p = 0.006). Complications including neurologic, renal, vascular, and musculoskeletal manifestations were more common in the MSSA endocarditis patients than MRSA endocarditis patients, although this difference was not significant. Complications related to antibiotic therapy were similar for both groups. The case-control studies indicate that MRSA and MSSA are similar in their virulence as measured by duration of hospitalization, duration of fever, complications, and mortality.     

改进型负压封闭引流技术治疗骨科复杂创面的临床效果分析

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨改进型负压封闭引流技术治疗骨科复杂创面的的临床效果。方法〓回顾性分析我院2013年1月至2015年9月四肢复杂创面患者102例,其中常规换药方法治疗33例,普通负压封闭引流术治疗35例,改进型负压封闭引流技术治疗34例,比较三组患者换药次数、愈合时间、住院费用、总住院时间以及术后感染复发率等指标。结果〓与传统治疗方法比较,普通型负压封闭引流术和改进型负压封闭引流技术换药次数、愈合时间、住院费用、总住院时间以及术后感染复发率均较低(P<0.05),改进型封闭负压引流术愈合时间和总住院时间亦较普通型短(P<0.05)。结论〓改进型负压封闭引流技术在治疗骨科复杂创面方面,具有减少换药次数、愈合时间、住院费用、总住院时间以及术后感染复发率等作用,是一种较为理想的治疗方法。