医院各区域内空气消毒效果及监测方法的探讨

目的探讨医院各区域内空气消毒效果及监测、培养所需时间.方法对3496份消毒后空气采用"平板暴露法”进行监测.第一组848份采样时平板暴露15min、置35C温箱培养48h,第二组2648份采样平板暴露5min、培养24h.结果第一组检测无菌生长率为2.6%、阳性检出率为97.4%、合格率为83.3%;第二组无菌生长率为l7.5%.阳性检出率为82.5%,合格率为88.4%.结论根据尘粒(1～10μ粒径)自然下降规律和所带细菌受损后修复需要时间,我们认为采用"平板暴露法”监测消毒后空气时以暴露15min培养48h为好.     

大蒜液室内空气消毒效果的观察

目的：观察新鲜大蒜液对室内空气喷雾的消毒效果。方法：采用自然沉降法，用4种剂量的大蒜液对室内空气进行喷雾消毒，并在不同时间段．取空气样本作细(真)菌总数比较。结果：4种剂量的大蒜液对室内空气喷雾消毒均有显著的杀菌效用。结论：用新鲜大蒜液喷雾消毒是室内空气消毒的有效方法。     

空气消毒方法应用研究进展

本文概述了国内外室内空气消毒方法研究应用进展,主要包括空气消毒方法的种类、各种空气消毒方法。     

普高与空军青航校毕业生抗荷体质差异

目的 对比青少年航空学校学员与普通高中生招飞抗荷体质相关指标差异,探索青少年航空学校抗荷体质训练成果并为训练方案优化提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取参加2022年空军招飞医学选拔定选阶段的部分青航校高三学员与同年级普通高中生作为研究对象,青航校学员按照既定培养方案,在高中阶段开展专项抗荷体质训练,并通过问卷调查收集普通高中生体育锻炼情况,纳入身体尺寸、身体成分、肌肉力量等指标进行对照研究,采用SPSS.26进行统计学分析。结果 青航校学员身高、四肢长、平静胸围、体质量均显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05),二者坐高无统计学差异。青航校学员SMI显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05),但体脂率对比无显著差异(P＞0.05);青航校学员背力与腿力均值/峰值显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05);SMI与抗荷力量呈显著正相关,体脂率与抗荷力量不存在显著相关。青航校学员与普通高中生SMI分布存在差异,青航校学员的高SMI比例更高、低SMI比例更低(P＜0.05),而青航校与普通高中生体脂率分布无统计学差异(P＞0.05);结论 青航校抗荷体质训练在抗荷相关肌肉力量提高方面成效显著,但是在体脂率控制方面仍存在改进空间,未来青航校抗荷体质训练需要兼顾肌肉训练与体脂控制。     

室内外空气污染与中风死亡分布的描述性研究

本文运用描述流行病学方法初步探讨了上海市不同空气污染条件下8个社区的中风死亡率(1978～1987)的时空分布及其与室内外空气污染的关系.结果表明中风死亡率与大气污染水平无明显关系,但发现在相同大气污染条件下,燃煤社区的中风死亡率明显高于燃气社区,提示燃煤型室内空气污染可能是中风的重要诱发因素之一.     

Human Cancer Risk from the Inhalation of Formaldehyde in Different Indoor Environments in Guiyang City, China

This study was conducted to estimate the risk of human cancer from the inhalation of formaldehyde in different indoor environments in Guiyang City in China. Offices had the highest mean formaldehyde concentration (0.11 mg/m(3)) and classrooms had the lowest mean formaldehyde concentration (0.04 mg/m(3)). The cancer risk levels in different indoor environments ranged from 6.96 x 10(-6 )to 2.48 x 10(-4) and were greater than the acceptable cancer risk 1 x 10(-6). High human formaldehyde risks imply a critical influence on human health in Guiyang City. The highest cancer risk values occurred in bedrooms (ranging from 1.87 in 10,000 to 2.48 in 10,000). For office workers, offices were the highest risk environment after bedrooms where formaldehyde concentration levels were identified. Students were the most sensitive population, and the highest priority should be given to protecting their health in indoor environments. Regulations and standards for low emission materials and public education in relation to indoor pollution are highly recommended in China to protect human health.     

气管插管冲洗抢救婴幼儿重症肺炎痰堵20例临床分析

目的:探讨气管插管冲洗在抢救婴幼儿重症肺炎痰堵的治疗效果。方法:在治疗肺炎的基础上,对痰液黏稠,痰堵致呼吸困难的20例婴幼儿重症肺炎行气管插管冲洗、吸痰,开通气道,解除呼吸道阻塞。结果:20例患儿中痊愈19例,1例因就诊时间过晚,插管成功后因多脏器功能衰竭而死亡。结论:气管插管冲洗可迅速开通气道,解除呼吸道痰堵,清理上、下呼吸道分泌物,是改善通气功能,纠正呼吸衰竭和进行辅助呼吸的有效方法。     

2010、2011年广州市越秀区空气污染物AQI与呼吸系统疾病死亡的Poisson回归分析研究

[目的]探讨广州市越秀区空气污染物AQI对呼吸系统疾病死亡的影响。[方法]收集2010、2011年广州市越秀区呼吸系统疾病死亡数据和越秀区气象及大气污染物数据,采用广义线性模型模块,拟合Poisson回归分析空气各污染物空气质量指数（AQI）、综合AQI和空气质量分级与呼吸系统疾病死亡的影响。[结果]2010、2011年广州市越秀区因呼吸系统疾病死亡病例有2 678例。SO2AQI与呼吸系统疾病死亡有统计学意义,SO2AQI每升高1个单位,其危险度约增加1%（RR=1.01,P〈0.05）;综合AQI的变化和空气质量等级与呼吸系统疾病死亡无统计学意义。[结论]广州市越秀区空气污染物中SO2是呼吸系统相关因素死亡的危险因素。     

检验科运用PDCA循环提高凝血检查室内质量控制水平

目的通过运用PDCA循环法对检验科凝血检查室内质量控制水平进行持续改进。方法将检验科凝血检查室内质量控制的管理过程按PDCA循环法分为P(Plan计划阶段)、D(Do实施阶段)、C(Check检查阶段)和A(Action处理阶段)四个阶段,按照管理目标和改进计划开展工作,检查改进前和改进后每月的在控率。结果通过运用PDCA循环法进行检验科凝血检查室内质量控制水平的持续改进,改进后的平均在控率达到98.6%。结论通过运用PDCA循环法,检验科凝血检查室内质量控制水平得到了大幅提升,达到了目标管理值。     

Penetrated sigmoid colon by air gun pellet could be life threatening: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Air and paintball guns have been in existence for over 400 year. Although serious injury or death can result from the use of such guns, previous literature has not mentioned the issue of the penetration of the sigmoid colon by an air gun pellet.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

We report a rare case of a 44-year-old Caucasian woman referred to abdominal surgery after an accidental small wound had occurred in the lower left abdominal quadrant that was caused by an air gun pellet. The blood and biochemical analyses were normal but the CT scan revealed the presence of a foreign body – an air gun pellet in the left iliac region of the abdomen. Clinically, during the initial 24 h significant changes were not noticed. After 42 h, however, pain and local tenderness in the lower left abdominal quadrant was expressed. A laparotomy revealed a retained pellet in the wall of the sigmoid colon and a small leak with colonic content with consecutive local peritonitis also occurred. The foreign body was removed and the opening edges in the colon were excised and closed with the primary suture.

DISCUSSION

The hollow organs of the digestive tract, albeit very rarely penetrated by an air gun pellet, do not typically show all signs of an acute abdomen in the early posttraumatic phase. Such injuries can lead to a pronounced infection, which may cause septic shock if not appropriately treated.

CONCLUSION

For correct diagnosis, a careful approach and several daily clinical observations are required.