美沙酮维持治疗人员与精神障碍的共病分析

目的:调查美沙酮维持治疗人员共病其他精神障碍情况。方法:采用DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查(SCID-P)及人格障碍用定式临床检查手册(SCID-Ⅱ)调查100名美沙酮维持治疗人员精神障碍情况。结果:美沙酮维持治疗人员共患轴Ⅰ障碍主要是心境障碍(终生患病率26.0%)、焦虑障碍(终生患病率为23.0%)、其他活性物质所致精神障碍(11.0%);共患轴Ⅱ障碍主要是反社会人格障碍的比例最高(20.0%),其次是边缘性人格障碍(18.0%)、强迫性人格障碍(17.0%)。结论:美沙酮维持治疗人员中较多合并其他精神障碍,应积极关注共患疾病的诊断和治疗。     

Mirizzi综合征的手术探讨

目的探讨Mirizzi综合征的病理特点及合理的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析21例Mirizzi综合征的临床资料。结果21例病人分别行胆囊切除或部份胆囊切除,直接瘘口修补或胆囊壁补片修补及Rowx-en-y式肝总管空肠吻合术。所有病人均治愈出院。结论Mirizzi综合征病理类型不一,术前诊断困难,需借多种影像技术检查。对不同病理类型的Mirizzi综合征应采取不同的手术方法。     

治未病理论在IBS患者健康宣教中的应用及效果评价

目的 探讨中医治未病理论在肠易激综合征（IBS）患者健康宣教中的效果。方法选取2010年1月至2011年1月在我院接受治疗的肠易激综合征患者36例,随机平均分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规护理和教育,观察组在对照组的基础上运用中医治未病理论进行健康教育。结果观察组患者平均每年住院（2．3±1．2）次,每年住院（14．5±2．6）天;对照组患者平均每年住院（5．3±2．7）次,每年住院（28．6±4．8）天。结论运用中医治未病理论对IBS患者进行健康宣教,可明显改善患者病情。     

乳癖散结胶囊治疗乳腺增生症1129例临床疗效观察

目的观察乳癖散结胶囊治疗乳腺增生症的临床疗效。方法全组病例分为两组,治疗组565例采用乳癖散结胶囊口服治疗,对照组564例采用乳癖散结胶囊联合三苯氧胺口服治疗,比较两组临床效果和不良反应发生率。结果临床效果两组无明显差别,而乳癖散结胶囊联合三苯氧胺组不良反应明显多于乳癖散结胶囊组．随访复发率无明显差别。结论乳癖散结胶囊能有效消除乳房疼痛和肿块,临床疗效显著,不良反应少,停药后复发率低,是治疗乳腺增生症较为理想的一种中药制剂。     

个体化治疗输尿管上段结石附106例报告

目的探讨治疗输尿管上段结石的最佳方法。方法106例输尿管上段结石,10例直径<0.6cm者保守治疗,53例直径在0.6—1.0cm行ESWL,其余据结石局部继发病变分别采用URSL,PCNL或后腹腔镜手术。结果10例保守治疗者3例改ESWL.53例ESWL中3例改URSL.22例URSL中2例改PCNL,6例联合ESWL.10例PCNL中1例改腹腔镜。11例腹腔镜均成功。结论治疗输尿管上段结石应根据结石大小、成分,结石局部是否继发病变及患者全身情况,医院设备力量及医务人员技术水平综合考虑实行个体化治疗.     

Emerging drugs for actinic keratosis

Importance of the field: Actinic keratoses (AK) represent a worldwide problem with continuously increasing incidence. AK are characterized by a proliferation of atypical keratinocytes limited to the epidermis, but they may develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In this regard, novel treatment modalities have been developed that allow treatment of the whole actinically damaged field.

Areas covered in this review: An overview about current treatment modalities for AK including, among others, their mechanism of action, application scheme and common side effects. Furthermore, recent developments in the field are described and future aspects are discussed.

What the reader will gain: The reader of this review will be informed about all current treatment modalities for AK. Furthermore, the reader will gain knowledge about ongoing research in this field and novel topical drugs for the treatment of AK.

Take home message: Many treatment modalities are available for the treatment of AK. Recent developments have focused on the management of the whole actinically damaged field. In this regard, several topical drugs have been approved for AK, differing in clearance rates, side effects, application and cost. Research is continuing aiming in the development of the “ideal” treatment of AK which combines high clearance rates with few side effects, short treatment duration and low costs.     

Recent Advances in Adsorptive Nanocomposite Membranes for Heavy Metals Ion Removal from Contaminated Water: A Comprehensive Review

Water contamination is one of the most urgent concerns confronting the world today. Heavy metal poisoning of aquatic systems has piqued the interest of various researchers due to the high toxicity and carcinogenic consequences it has on living organisms. Due to their exceptional attributes such as strong reactivity, huge surface area, and outstanding mechanical properties, nanomaterials are being produced and employed in water treatment. In this review, recent advances in the use of nanomaterials in nanoadsorptive membrane systems for wastewater treatment and heavy metal removal are extensively discussed. These materials include carbon-based nanostructures, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and layered double hydroxide-based compounds. Furthermore, the relevant properties of the nanostructures and the implications on their performance for water treatment and contamination removal are highlighted. The hydrophilicity, pore size, skin thickness, porosity, and surface roughness of these nanostructures can help the water permeability of the nanoadsorptive membrane. Other properties such as surface charge modification and mechanical strength can improve the metal adsorption effectiveness of nanoadsorptive membranes during wastewater treatment. Various nanocomposite membrane fabrication techniques are also reviewed. This study is important because it gives important information on the roles of nanomaterials and nanostructures in heavy metal removal and wastewater treatment.     

Phase Transformation after Heat Treatment of Cr-Ni Stainless Steel Powder for 3D Printing

Today, Ni-Cr steel is used for advanced applications in the high-temperature and electrical industries, medical equipment, food industry, agriculture and is applied in food and beverage packaging and kitchenware, automotive or mesh. A study of input steel powder from various stages of the recycling process intended for 3D printing was conducted. In addition to the precise evaluation of the morphology, particle size and composition of the powders used for laser 3D printing, special testing and evaluation of the heat-treated powders were carried out. Heat treatment up to 950 °C in an air atmosphere revealed the properties of powders that can appear during laser sintering. The powders in the oxidizing atmosphere change the phase composition and the original FeNiCr stainless steel changes to a two-phase system of Fe₃Ni and Cr₂O₃, as evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Observation of the morphology showed the separation of the oxidic phase in the sense of a brittle shell. The inner part of the powder particle is a porous compact core. The particle size is generally reduced due to the peeling of the oxide shell. This effect can be critical to 3D printing processing, causing defects on the printed parts, as well as reducing the usability of the precursor powder and can also change the properties of the printed part.     

Adsorption of Heavy Metals Ions from Mining Metallurgical Tailings Leachate Using a Shell-Based Adsorbent: Characterization,Kinetics and Isotherm Studies

This study defines the optimal parameters that allow the use of waste mollusk shells (WS) to remove heavy metals from three mining and metallurgical leachates. First, the influence of parameters such as pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose and the presence of co-ions in Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ adsorption was investigated in synthetic solutions. Metal uptake was found to be dependent on the initial pH of the solution, the removal rate increasing with the increase in pH, showing the highest affinity at pH 5–6. The removal efficiency at lower concentrations was greater than at higher values. The competitive adsorption results on bimetallic solutions showed that the adsorption capacity of the sorbent was restricted by the presence of other ions and suppressed the uptake of heavy metals compared to the single adsorption. Cu²⁺ was the metal that most inhibited the removal of Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ and the Freundlich isotherm, for Ni²⁺. The data showed that the maximum adsorption capacity a_max for Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, was 526.32 mg g⁻¹, 555.56 mg g⁻¹ and 769.23 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Sorption kinetics data best fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results obtained in the tests with three mining and metallurgical leachates showed that WS were effective in simultaneously removing several heavy metals ions such as Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Ni, As and Se.     

重组人表皮生长因子在外伤性鼓膜穿孔治疗中的临床应用

外伤性鼓膜穿孔是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病、多发病,近年来有上升趋势。鼓膜穿孔破坏了鼓膜的正常结构并影响鼓膜的正常生理功能,穿孔后鼓室与外耳道直接相通,为病原微生物侵入中耳打开了门户,且鼓膜穿孔患者常有不同程度的耳闷、耳鸣及听力下降等症状,对患者的生理及心理造成一定影