Periodontal status among male industrial workers in southern Finland with or without access to subsidized dental care

The association between subsidized dental care and periodontal status was studied in male industrial workers in southern Finland in 1994. Clinical examinations and multiple-choice questionnaire were completed for 325 workers (age, 38-65 years) with access to subsidized dental care and 174 controls without access. The CPITN scores based on full-mouth recordings were analyzed, using both the individual and sextant as units of analysis. Overall, 6% of the subsidized group and 2% of the control group had no periodontal treatment need (p < 0.05). Deep pockets ≥6 mm were found in 5% of the subsidized workers and 11% of die controls (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analyses the probability of calculus was negatively associated with access to subsidized dental care. Smoking was the strongest independent factor affecting periodontal status. Our findings show positive relationship between access to subsidized dental care and periodontal status.     

Developmental outcomes of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A multicenter prospective study

Purpose

To determine developmental outcomes and associated factors in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) at 2 years of age.

Methods

This is a multicenter prospective study of a CDH birth cohort. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected. Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-II) were performed at 2 years of age.

Results

BSID-III and VABS-II assessments were completed on 48 and 49 children, respectively. The BSID-III mean cognitive, language, and motor scores were significantly below the norm mean with average scores of 93 ± 15, 95 ± 16, and 95 ± 11. Ten percent (5/47) scored more than 2 standard deviations below the norm on one or more domains. VABS-II scores were similar to BSID-III scores with mean communication, daily living skills, social, motor, adaptive behavior scores of 97 ± 14, 94 ± 16, 93 ± 13, 97 ± 10, and 94 ± 14. For the BSID-III, supplemental oxygen at 28 days, a prenatal diagnosis, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and exclusive tube feeds at time of discharge were associated with lower scores. At 2 years of age, history of hospital readmission and need for tube feeds were associated with lower scores. Lower socioeconomic status correlated with lower developmental scores when adjusted for significant health factors.

Conclusion

CDH patients on average have lower developmental scores at 2 years of age compared to the norm. A need for ECMO, oxygen at 28 days of life, ongoing health issues and lower socioeconomic status are factors associated with developmental delays.     

高血压合并高脂血症对血管早期病变的影响

目的探讨高血压合并高脂血症患者肱踝脉搏波传导速度和踝臂指数的变化及相关影响因素。方法随机入选高血压合并高脂血症患者和单纯高血压患者各400例。检测肱踝脉搏波传导速度、踝臂指数、血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇等指标,比较两组肱踝脉搏波传导速度和踝臂指数值的差异,对血脂异常进行临床分型,比较各血脂异常亚型之间肱踝脉搏波传导速度值的差异,并对肱踝脉搏波传导速度相关影响因素进行相关分析。结果高血压合并高脂血症组肱踝脉搏波传导速度值(1674.0±13.0 cm/s)较单纯高血压组(1594.0±11.2 cm/s)显著升高(P<0.001);两组间踝臂指数值差异无统计学意义(P=0.897)。高血压病患者中,高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、混合型血脂异常组肱踝脉搏波传导速度值均显著高于单纯高血压组(P<0.001)。单因素相关分析表明,总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白均与动脉硬度指标肱踝脉搏波传导速度显著相关(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,高血压患者中收缩压、年龄、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白、体质指数和空腹血糖与反映动脉僵硬度的肱踝脉搏波传导速度关系密切(P<0.05),总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白(β=0.104,P<0.001),是仅次于收缩压和年龄的影响因素。结论血脂与肱踝脉搏波传导速度相关,高脂血症加速了高血压病患者的动脉硬化,高甘油三酯血症对动脉硬度的影响与高胆固醇血症相当,应引起足够的重视。     

应变-血压指数评价终末期肾病患者中型动脉弹性

目的探讨应用应变-血压指数评价终末期肾病患者肱动脉和胫前动脉弹性的可行性及临床价值。方法随机选取终末期肾病患者39例作为终末期肾病组,健康志愿者46例作为对照组。全部应用应变和应变率成像对肱动脉和胫前动脉进行检查。通过应变和应变率成像获得肱动脉和胫前动脉的最大圆周应变,同时测量被检者肱动脉和胫前动脉血压,计算肱动脉和胫前动脉的应变-血压指数,对终末期肾病组和对照组的参数进行对比分析。结果终末期肾病组的胫前动脉应变-血压指数(4.01%±0.59%)明显低于对照组(5.71%±0.55%,P<0.01);终末期肾病组和对照组的肱动脉应变-血压指数(3.82%±0.39%比3.95%±0.46%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应变-血压指数可以作为评价终末期肾病患者中型动脉弹性改变的新指标。     

心-踝血管指数与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度在动脉硬化疾病评价中的价值

目的比较心-踝血管指数与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度对不同动脉硬化疾病严重程度的判断价值。方法在849例同时行心-踝血管指数和颈动脉内膜中膜厚度测定的门诊和住院患者中,筛选出年龄55～70岁之间的351例作为最终研究对象。按临床动脉硬化疾病的有无与程度分为三个层面:A层:无动脉硬化危险因素组;B层:包括高血压、糖尿病、心绞痛和高脂血症组;C层:经造影证实存在冠状动脉狭窄和已有临床心脑动脉硬化终末事件如心肌梗死和脑梗死组。从不同层面比较心-踝血管指数和内膜中膜厚度与动脉硬化性疾病严重程度的相关性。849例中,未做年龄范围限制时,共有糖尿病患者112例,对其病程与心-踝血管指数和内膜中膜厚度的相关性作比较分析。结果除单纯高脂血症组之外,心-踝血管指数测定值在A、B、C三个不同层面能够表现出显著的差异,呈现出"阶梯效应";而内膜中膜厚度测定值相对于心-踝血管指数在三个不同层面表现出的差别明显减弱,甚至糖尿病组的测定值远远高于已有明确动脉硬化终末事件组如心肌梗死和脑梗死。在已有明确糖尿病病程的患者中,心-踝血管指数与糖尿病病程呈显著正相关(r=0.499,P<0.001),而内膜中膜厚度与病程的相关性(r=0.195,P<0.038)明显弱于心-踝血管指数。结论心-踝血管指数和内膜中膜厚度与大动脉硬化性疾病均有不同程度的相关性,而心-踝血管指数在评价整体而非局部的动脉硬化程度上相对于内膜中膜厚度具有一定的优势,其与动脉硬化的严重程度具有更大的吻合性,而内膜中膜厚度则更多地偏重于对局部动脉壁硬化的判断。     

腹泻型肠易激综合征患者食物不耐受、症状指数及回盲部肥大细胞变化的相关性

目的:比较食物不耐受(food intolerance,FI)在腹泻型肠易激综合征患者(diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome,D-IBS)及健康人群中的存在情况,分析D-IBS患者食物不耐受严重程度、症状指数与回盲部肥大细胞数量变化之间的关系,以探讨食物不耐受在D-IBS发病中的意义及可能机制.方法:选取符合罗马Ⅲ诊断标准的D-IBS患者22例为病例组,无消化系症状的健康体检者21例为对照组,分别接受结肠镜检查.应用食物不耐受状况评价问卷对2组进行食物不耐受状况评分;用功能性肠病症状严重指数(functional bowel disorder severity index,FBDSI)和IBS病情尺度调查表(IBS symptomseverity scale,IBS-SSS)对病例组进行IBS症状严重程度评分.所有研究对象均接受结肠镜检查,在距回盲瓣4cm处取活检组织2块,采用甲苯胺蓝染色法计数黏膜肥大细胞数量,并与食物不耐受严重程度指数、IBS症状严重程度评分进行相关性分析.结果:D-IBS患者回盲部肠黏膜肥大细胞计数(4.68±0.55)个/高倍镜视野,健康对照组为(1.33±0.54)个/高倍镜视野,P<0.001,差异具有统计学意义;病例组食物不耐受存在情况明显高于对照组(P<0.05);食物不耐受严重程度与IBS症状严重程度指数间呈正相关(FBDSI:r=0.992,P<0.001;IBS-SSS:r=0.970,P<0.001);回盲部肥大细胞计数与I B S症状严重程度指数间呈正相关(FBDSI:r=0.957,P<0.001;IBS-SSS:r=0.985,P<0.001);食物不耐受严重程度与IBS患者回盲部肥大细胞计数间呈正相关(r=0.964,P<0.001),健康对照组中食物不耐受者回盲部肥大细胞计数明显高于无食物不耐受者(P<0.05).结论:D-IBS临床症状与肠道肥大细胞数量增多密切相关,食物抗原的刺激作用可能是D-IBS患者回盲部肥大细胞数目增多的原因之一;D-IBS患者食物不耐受存在情况普遍,食物不耐受可加重D-IBS患者肠道症状.     

Predicting mortality among older adults hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia: an enhanced confusion, urea, respiratory rate and blood pressure score compared with pneumonia severity index

Background and objective: Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) predicts mortality better than C onfusion, U rea >7 mmol/L, R espiratory rate >30/min, low Bl ood pressure: diastolic blood pressure <60 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, and age >65 years (CURB‐65) for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) but is more cumbersome. The objective was to determine whether CURB enhanced with a small number of additional variables can predict mortality with at least the same accuracy as PSI. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records and administrative data of adults aged 55 years or older hospitalized for CAP over 1 year from three hospitals. Results: For 1052 hospital admissions of unique patients, 30‐day mortality was 17.2%. PSI class and CURB‐65 predicted 30‐day mortality with area under curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–0.80) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.66–0.74) respectively. When age and three co‐morbid conditions (metastatic cancer, solid tumours without metastases and stroke) were added to CURB, the AUC improved to 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77–0.83). Bootstrap validation obtained an AUC estimate of 0.78, indicating negligible overfitting of the model. Based on this model, a clinical score (enhanced CURB score) was developed that had possible values from 5 to 25. Its AUC was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76–0.83) and remained similar to that of PSI class. Conclusions: An enhanced CURB score predicted 30‐day mortality with at least the same accuracy as PSI class did among older adults hospitalized for CAP. External validation of this score in other populations is the next step to determine whether it can be used more widely.     

Occurrence of clinical depression during combination therapy with pegylated interferon alpha or natural human interferon beta plus ribavirin

Aim: The onset of depression symptoms during pegylated interferon α plus ribavirin (PEG‐IFN/RBV) combination therapy has led to treatment discontinuation in some cases. In the present study, we conducted a questionnaire survey during treatment to determine whether natural human interferon β plus ribavirin (IFNβ/RBV) therapy is associated with a lower incidence of depression symptom onset compared with PEG‐IFN/RBV therapy. Methods: Seventy‐seven patients with chronic hepatitis C received PEG‐IFN/RBV (PR) or IFNβ/RBV (FR) therapy. A questionnaire survey was administered at the start of treatment, and at 4 and 12 weeks, using the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: BDI‐II scores in the PR group increased at 4 and 12 weeks, but remained unchanged in the FR group. At 12 weeks, the mean BDI‐II score and incidence of abnormalities with a BDI‐II score of ≥14 were significantly lower in the FR group than in the PR group. BDI‐II scores during IFNβ/RBV therapy in 11 patients currently using antidepressants remained unchanged up to 12 weeks. None of these 11 patients required addition or dose increases of antidepressants, and there was no evidence of worsened depression symptoms. Nine PR patients had BDI‐II scores of ≥14 and PSQI scores of ≥11 at 12 weeks. Conclusions: IFNβ/RBV therapy was associated with a lower incidence of depression symptom onset during treatment. In patients already diagnosed with depression, there was no evidence that IFNβ/RBV therapy caused any worsening of symptoms, indicating that IFNβ/RBV therapy is safe for patients with depression.     

Fall Risk Index predicts functional decline regardless of fall experiences among community‐dwelling elderly

Aim: The 21‐item Fall Risk Index (FRI‐21) has been used to detect elderly persons at risk for falls. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the FRI‐21 as a predictor of decline in basic activities of daily living (BADL) among Japanese community‐dwelling elderly persons independent of fall risk. Methods: The study population consisted of 518 elderly participants aged 65 years and older who were BADL independent at baseline in Tosa, Japan. We examined risk factors for BADL decline from 2008 to 2009 by multiple logistic regression analysis on the FRI‐21 and other functional status measures in all participants. We carried out the same analysis in selected participants who had no experience of falls to remove the effect of falls. Results: A total of 45 of 518 participants showed decline in BADL within 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.20), FRI‐21 ≥ 10 (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.49–9.27), intellectual activity dependence (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.42–7.44) and history of osteoarthropathy (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.40–7.21) were significant independent risk factors for BADL decline within 1 year. FRI‐21 ≥ 10 and intellectual activity dependence (≤3) remained significant predictors, even in selected non‐fallers. Conclusion: FRI‐21 ≥ 10 and intellectual activity dependence were significant predictive factors of BADL decline, regardless of fall experience, after adjustment for confounding variables. The FRI‐21 is a brief, useful tool not only for predicting falls, but also future decline in functional ability in community‐dwelling elderly persons. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; ??: ??–?? .     

宿迁市2020年学龄儿童新发近视情况分析

目的：探究宿迁市2020年学龄儿童新发近视的情况及相关风险因素。

方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取江苏省宿迁市42所小学,根据2019及2020年的体检信息纳入受试学龄儿童共12 452人; 基于其两年的视力、屈光度、身高和体质量信息,本研究分析了该地不同人口特征因素下学龄儿童的新发近视情况及其相关风险因素。

结果：本研究中学龄儿童总体新发近视率为24.63%,不同人口特征因素下的新发近视率均有差异(均P<0.01),其中城市高于乡镇(26.24% vs 21.31%)、女生高于男生(27.05% vs 22.91%)、超重的学龄儿童高于不超重的(25.82% vs 23.92%),且新发近视率随年龄增长呈递增趋势(χ²_趋势=236.421,P<0.01); 同时新发近视者的身高和体质量年增加量均大于维持正视者(均P<0.01); Logistic回归分析结果显示,城市(OR=1.541)、女生(OR=1.325)、高年龄段(OR=2.827)及超重(OR=1.191)的学龄儿童新发近视的风险更高(均P<0.01)。

结论：宿迁市2020年学龄儿童的新发近视情况不容乐观,其中城市、女性、高年龄段及超重的学龄儿童新发近视的风险较高,同时一段时间内身高、体质量的快速增加可能警示着近视的发展。