Trends of Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence among Korean Adolescents From 2007 to 2018

BackgroundTo provide updated prevalence data and to estimate changes in the prevalence of diabetes among Korean adolescents by sex and age between 2007 and 2018.MethodsWe used the data of children and adolescents (8,718 subjects aged 10 to 18 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VII (KNHANES 2007–2018). The recent prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was estimated by using the latest KNHANES VII. The linear trends were estimated by comparing 3-year KNHANES cycles according to sex and by using logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was 0.298% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.289–0.308) and 7.914% (95% CI, 0.43–0.49). The prevalence of diabetes significantly increased from 0.189 to 0.430 during KNHANE IV and VII. A positive linear trend is significant for diabetes (P trends = 0.006) in only male subjects. The prevalence of pre-diabetes significantly increased from 5.86 to 12.08 in both sexes. During KNHANES IV and VII, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly.ConclusionBetween 2007 and 2018, the prevalence of diabetes among Korean adolescents increased. Further studies are required to determine the causes of these increases.     

Influence of Body Mass Index,Smoking, and Blood Pressure on Survival of Patients with Surgically-Treated,Low Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: A 14-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

The association of body mass index, smoking, and blood pressure, which are related to the three well-established risk factors of renal cell carcinoma, and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma is not much studied. Our objective was to evaluate this association. A cohort of 1,036 patients with low stage (pT1 and pT2) renal cell carcinoma who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and collected survival data. The body mass index, smoking status, and blood pressure at the time of surgery were recorded. Patients were grouped according to their obesity grade, smoking status, and hypertension stage. Survival analysis showed a significant decrease in overall (P = 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (P < 0.001) with being underweight, with no differences of smoking status or perioperative blood pressure. On multivariate analysis, perioperative blood pressure ≥ 160/100 mmHg (HR, 2.642; 95% CI, 1.221-5.720) and being underweight (HR, 4.320; 95% CI, 1.557-11.984) were independent predictors of overall and cancer-specific mortality, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that being underweight and perioperative blood pressure ≥ 160/100 mmHg negatively affect cancer-specific and overall survival, respectively, while smoking status does not influence survivals in patients with renal cell carcinoma.     

B cell elimination in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a worldwide distribution, potentially life-threatening with considerable morbidity. The elimination of pathogenic B cells has emerged as a rational therapeutic option. Many open label studies have reported encouraging results in which clinical and serological remission have invariably been described, often enabling the reduction of steroid and immunosuppressive treatment. However, the results from randomized controlled studies have been disappointing and several questions remain to be answered. In this review we will focus on results of B cell direct depletion in the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.     

EVLWI、sICAM-1和KL-6联合检测在重症肺炎ARDS患者预后评估中的价值

目的:评价血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）和肺上皮细胞膜糖蛋白（KL-6）联合检测在重症肺炎ARDS患者预后评估中的价值。方法:选取2017年10月至2020年2月入住郑州大学附属郑州中心医院RICU的重症肺炎ARDS并行脉搏指示连续心排出量仪（PICCO）监测且存活超过3d的患者65例进行前瞻性研究,检测患者第1、3、5天血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）、血清sICAM-1、KL-6、氧合指数（OI）水平变化,记录APACHEⅡ评分、患者生存事件（天）及生存结局,按28 d预后分为存活组（45例）和死亡组（20例）。行sICAM-1、KL-6、EVLWI和OI相关性分析,采用Logistic回归模型分析重症肺炎ARDS发生死亡的独立危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线,分析sICAM-1、KL-6、EVLWI及联合指标对重症肺炎ARDS预后评估的价值。结果:入RICU时,死亡组的PCT、EVLWI、sICAM-1、KL-6和APACHEⅡ评分明显高于存活组（ P<0.05）,RICU住院时间明显低于存活组（ P<0.05）,其余基线指标在两组间差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。治疗第1天、3天、5天时,死亡组的EVLWI、sICAM-1、KL-6、降钙素原和APACHEⅡ评分均高于存活组（ P<0.05）,而OI在治疗第3 d和5 d时明显低于存活组（ P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示EVLWI、sICAM-1和KL-6与重症肺炎ARDS死亡密切相关（ P<0.05）。入住RICU治疗1 d、3 d和5 d时的sICAM-1、KL-6、EVLWI与OI均呈负显著相关（ P<0.01）,sICAM-1、KL-6水平与EVLWI均呈正显著相关（ P<0.01）。入住RICU第1天、3天和5天时,sICAM-1、KL-6水平和EVLWI三指标联合预后评估的敏感度和特异度分别为75.0%、84.4%;85.0%、66.7%和80.0%、86.7%。AUC分别为0.864、0.881、0.892（ P<0.001）。比同期单个指标有更好的预后评估价值。 结论:EVLWI、sICAM-1和KL-6分别是重症肺炎ARDS患者预后的独立危险因素,联合检测可早期对患者进行预后评估（28 d病死率）。     

ABI联合baPWV与双源CT冠状动脉成像的相关性研究

目的 通过与双源CT对比,评价踝臂指数(ABI)、肱-踝脉搏波速度(baPWV)在辅助预测冠状动脉病变的临床价值.方法 搜集经双源CT冠状动脉造影(CTA)检查显示冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％并行ABI及baPWV检测的50例患者,分析ABI、baPWV与CTA冠状动脉狭窄支数、节段以及斑块数目的相关性.结果 单支、两支和三支病变组间的ABI值、baPWV值存在差异(P＜0.05),随着病变支数的增加,ABI逐渐减小,baPWV逐渐增加.两支病变时,ABI均值＜0.9;三支病变时,baPWV均值＞1400 cm/s,说明可能baPWV值更敏感.ABI＜ 0.9、ABI＞0.9两组间检出斑块数无差异(P＞0.05),狭窄节段数有统计学差异(P＜0.02);baPWV＜ 1400 cm/s、baPWV＞1400 cm/s组间斑块数及狭窄节段有统计学差异(P＜0.05).表明ABI ＜0.9、baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉狭窄可能性较大,baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉斑块出现的可能性较大.结论 ABI和baPWV与DSCT冠状动脉的狭窄支数、斑块数及狭窄节段数有关,可以用于辅助预测冠心病的严重程度.     

The Nottingham Prognostic Index: five- and ten-year data for all-cause Survival within a Screened Population

Introduction

The Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) is an established prognostication tool in the management of breast cancers (BCs). Latest ten-year survival data have demonstrated an improved outlook for each NPI category and the latest UK five- and ten-year survival from BC has been reported to be 85% and 77%, respectively. We compared survival of each NPI category for BCs diagnosed within the national breast screening service in Wales (Breast Test Wales (BTW)) to the latest data, and reviewed its validity in unselected cases within a screened population.

Methods

All women screened between 1998 and 2001 within BTW were included. The NPI score for each cancer was calculated using the size, nodal status, and grade of the primary tumour. Survival data (all-cause) were calculated after ten years of follow-up.

Results

In the three-year screening period, 199,082 women were screened. A total of 1,712 cancers were diagnosed, and 1,546 had data available for calculating the NPI. Overall five-year and ten-year survival was 94% and 82%, respectively.

Conclusions

Overall five-year and ten-year survival (all-cause) has improved even when compared with UK data for BC-specific survival. We found that the NPI remains valid for BC treatment, and that our data provide a reference for updating the all-cause survival of women diagnosed with BCs within a screened population.     

Clinical Utility of an Automated Pupillometer in Patients with Acute Brain Lesion

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of using a pupillometer to assess patients with acute brain lesions.MethodsPupillary examinations using an automated pupillometer (NeurOptics®NPi™-100 Pupillometer) were performed every 4 hours and were simultaneously assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and for intracranial pressure (ICP), from admission to discharge or expire in neuro-intensive care unit (NICU). Manual pupillary examinations were also recorded for comparison. By comparing these data, we evaluated the validity of using automated pupillometers to predict clinical outcomes.ResultsThe mean values of the Neurologic Pupillary index (NPi) were different in the groups examined manually. The GCS correlated well with NPi values, especially in severe brain injury patients (GCS below 9). However, the NPi values were weakly correlated with intracranial pressure (ICP) when the ICP was lower than 30 cm H₂O. The NPi value was not affected by age or intensity of illumination. In patients with a "poor" prognosis who had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 1 or 2, the mean initial NPi score was 0.88±1.68, whereas the value was 3.89±0.97 in patients with a "favorable" prognosis who had a GOS greater than 2 (p<0.001). For predicting clinical outcomes, the initial NPi value of 3.4 had the highest sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionAn automated pupillometer can serve as a simple and useful tool for the accurate measurement of pupillary reactivity in patients with acute brain lesions.     

主动脉夹层与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征关系的临床研究

目的:研究主动脉夹层与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的关系。方法:回顾分析41例合并高血压的主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,设为主动脉夹层组,并选取41例具有年龄、性别及体质量指数相近的高血压患者作为对照组,分析OSAHS与主动脉夹层之间的关系。结果:夹层组的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征发病率较对照组明显升高(P0.05),且夹层组合并OSAHS者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)较对照组升高,平均Sa O2降低(P0.05)。结论:主动脉夹层的发生与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征可能有关。