Circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Detection methods and their clinical relevance in breast cancer

The enumeration of circulating tumor cells has long been regarded as an attractive diagnostic tool, as circulating tumor cells are thought to reflect aggressiveness of the tumor and may assist in therapeutic decisions in patients with solid malignancies.However, implementation of this assay into clinical routine has been cumbersome, as a validated test was not available until recently. Circulating tumor cells are rare events which can be detected specifically only by using a combination of surface and intracellular markers, and only recently a number of technical advances have made their reliable detection possible. Most of these new techniques rely on a combination of an enrichment and a detection step.This review addresses the assays that have been described so far in the literature, including the enrichment and detection steps and the markers used in these assays. We have focused on breast cancer as most clinical studies on CTC detection so far have been done in these patients.     

秦氏隐血珠在上消化道癌初筛普查中实用价值的调查研究——附31972例初筛人群5、10年随访资料分析

目的：通过对隐血珠初筛人群及癌患5年、10年随访,进一步证实隐血珠对上消化道癌初筛普查的实用价值。方法：空腹时吞入隐血珠,3-5分钟拉出,观察珠内试纸的变化,黄色为阴性（-）,浅蓝色为（ ）,蓝色为（ ）,深蓝色为（ ）,5年、10年后对隐血珠初筛人群及癌患通过三级防癌网络进行全员随访。结果：初筛普查31927人,阳性组3347人做胃镜,经病理确诊为癌患125人,癌检出率3.74%,阴性组645人做胃镜,确诊癌患9人,癌检出率1.4%,两组中早期癌患共78人,占62.4%,性别、年龄、隐血珠反应均是影响癌检出率的因素。经5年及10年两次全员随访资料统计,隐血珠初筛阳性组癌发生率均明显高于阴性组,癌患5年生存率67.2%,10年生存率为55.2%,性别、年龄、隐血珠反应也是影响上消化道癌发病率因素。结论：秦氏隐血珠在上消化道癌初筛普查中有肯定的实用价值。值得推广。     

微动刺激幅值对骨组织与钛珠涂层界面的骨生长与微损伤的影响

目的 通过微动力学刺激改善人工关节生物固定界面的性能。 方法 以活性大鼠骨组织与非活性钛珠涂层的结合试样作为研究对象,利用自制的微动力学刺激试验装置,探究不同切向微动幅值的力学刺激对固定界面骨组织生长促进作用及骨组织微损伤的影响,揭示微动刺激下骨组织在钛珠涂层表面的促进生长与微损伤机制。 结果 微动幅为 40 μm 力学刺激组骨组织与钛珠涂层间的界面结合力最大,切向摩擦力-位移曲线由椭圆形转变为直线形,结合界面处于粘着区,不易产生松动,骨组织结构最完整,钛珠涂层表面黏附生长的组织细胞数量最多,分布范围最广。 随着微动幅值的增加,微动刺激对骨生长的促进作用减弱,骨组织与钛珠涂层界面间结合强度逐渐降低,内部空腔区域增多,组织细胞的数量及增殖活性也有不同程度的降低。 结论 不同幅值微动刺激对于组织的生长促进与微损伤同时存在,最优的微动幅值为 40 μm。     

Müller细胞对大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞增生和迁移的影响

目的:用免疫磁珠法原代培养大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞(RMEC),观察共培养Müller细胞对视网膜微血管内皮细胞增生和迁移的影响。方法:采用免疫磁珠的细胞分选法分离大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,在条件培养基中培养生长,采用第Ⅷ因子抗体免疫组化染色方法鉴定细胞,采用流式细胞术和台盼兰染色分析传代中的微血管内皮细胞纯度以及细胞活性。传统的方法培养并鉴定Müller细胞。采用不同孔径微孔滤膜培养小室,进行大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞与Müller细胞分离共培养,对照组培养环境中无Müller细胞。以细胞曲线描绘反映细胞增生,并用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期。相差显微镜下计算穿过微孔滤膜迁移贴附于背面的内皮细胞数量。结果:通过磁珠分离方法获得了纯度为97.13%大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,细胞活力达92%,第Ⅷ因子抗体染色呈阳性。与Müller细胞共培养的RMEC可早于正常培养2～3d进入生长平台期。RMEC中S期和G2期比例增加,G1期比例相对减少。S、G2和G1期百分比,在共培养组24h分别为44.0%,11.2%和44.8%,48h分别为42.3%,10.9%和46.8%;对照培养组24h分别为41.3%,4.9%和53.8%,48h分别为40.1%,4.7%和55.2%。迁移的细胞数增加,共培养6h移行至膜下的内皮细胞数12.2±2.5个,12h为51.7±23.4个,对照培养6h移行至膜下的内皮细胞3.3±2.5个,12h为14.7±7.0个,6h和12h两组内皮细胞数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:免疫磁珠细胞分选方法可以获得高纯度的大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,且对细胞活力无影响。Müller细胞可以促进视网膜内皮细胞的迁移,促进该细胞的增生。     

隐血珠对上消化道疾病诊断价值初步研究

目的　探讨隐血珠对上消化道疾病诊断价值。方法　对自然人群中 2 4712例志愿者行隐血珠检测 ,对检测结果为“ ”及“ ”者作纤维胃镜进一步检查确诊 ,并进行统计分析。结果　对隐血珠检测阳性者志愿作胃镜检查 2 5 6 8例 ,发现上消化道各种炎性病变 2 0 15例 ,占75 80 % ,上消化道癌 10 8例 ,占 4 0 6 % ,消化性溃疡、平滑肌瘤、憩室、息肉等病变占 3 76 %。结论　秦氏隐血珠在上消化道肿瘤高发区高危人群中作为普查初筛手段确有重要实用价值 ;对临床判断有无上消化道炎性病变亦有重要参考价值 ,故值得进一步推广应用     

隐血珠试验筛查食管癌、胃癌的研究

目的评价隐血珠对食管癌、胃癌筛查试验的真实性和可靠性。方法以胃镜检查加病理确诊为诊断“金标准”,用隐血珠筛查食管癌、胃癌进行比较研究。结果隐血珠筛查阳性率为10.96%(213/1943),胃镜癌检出率6.2%(120/1943).隐血珠筛查试验的敏感度为37.5%,特异度为90.8%,正确指数为28.3%,准确度为87.5%。结论该项方法确有快速、简便、经济、安全、真实可靠及易被群众接受特点,是一个食管癌、胃癌筛查的先进方法,具有很高的实用价值。     

Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and immunity to measles,rubella, tetanus and diphtheria among schoolchildren aged 6–7 years old in the Solomon Islands, 2016

The Western Pacific Region (WPR) established a goal to decrease chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children to <1% and to achieve ≥95% hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (HepB-BD) and ≥95% three-dose (HepB3) coverage by 2017. In 2016, we conducted a national serosurvey in the Solomon Islands among 6–7-year-old school children to assess progress towards the control goal and immunity to measles, rubella, tetanus and diphtheria. Eighty schools were selected systematically proportional to their 6–7-year-old population; all 6–7-year-olds were enrolled. We collected basic demographic information and vaccination history. Children were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid test, and for immunity to measles, rubella, tetanus, and diphtheria using a multiplex bead assay. In total, 1,249 out of 1,492 children (84%) were enrolled, among whom 1,169 (94%) underwent HBsAg testing and 1,156 (93%) provided dried blood spots. Almost 80% (n = 982) of enrolled children had vaccination cards, among whom 59% (n = 584) received a timely HepB-BD (within 24 hours of birth), 95% (n = 932) received HepB3, and >90% received vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus, and measles (rubella vaccine was not available at the time). HBsAg prevalence was 3.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0%–4.9%), with 55% of identified cases from one province. Among 982 children with vaccination cards, HBsAg prevalence was higher among children who had not received a timely HepB-BD and at least two HepB doses compared to those who had (4% vs. 2%). Of 1,156 tested children, immunoprotection estimates were 99% (95% CI: 98%–99%) for measles, 99% (95% CI: 97%–100%) for rubella, 85% (95% CI: 83%–87%) for tetanus, and 51% (95% CI: 47%–55%) for diphtheria. Improving timely HepB-BD coverage and maintaining high HepB3 coverage could help Solomon Islands reach the regional HBV control goal. Low immunity to tetanus and diphtheria suggests the need to introduce booster doses to ensure long-term protection.     

用免疫磁性微球从骨髓中分离癌细胞

用物理吸附结合化学键共价结合的方法,将抗人膀胱癌单克隆抗体连接到预先制备的聚苯乙烯磁性微球表面,构建了能特异地与靶细胞结合并赋予其以磁响应性的免疫磁性微球(immunomagnetic microspheres,IMMS)。间接免疫荧光检测和IMMS与细胞的结合实验证明,所构建的IMMS可有效地和靶细胞结合。研究了聚苯乙烯磁性微球和抗体反应的质量比、IMMS与靶细胞比例对IMMS与细胞结合效果的影响。用IMMS从动物骨髓中分离癌细胞的初步实验表明,IMMS可有效清除癌细胞,而骨髓细胞仅有很少量的损失。     

庆大霉素PMMA链珠治疗慢性骨髓炎

本文报告用庆大霉素 PMMA 链珠治疗慢性骨髓炎,效果满意。详细介绍了治疗方法、术后处理及临床疗效分析。认为庆大霉素 PMMA 链珠是治疗慢性骨髓炎的一种新的有效方法,值得推广和应用。