Sperm fishing: antigen-antibody complexes for the capture and enrichment of spermatozoa in mixed cell substrates

ABSTRACT

In many sexual assault cases, the most common evidence gathered comes in the form of intimate swabs. These swabs contain cells from both the female and male. In these cases the most common cell present is epithelial cells from the female with relatively few spermatozoa from the male. To produce an STR DNA profile suitable for an investigation, separation of the cell types is required to prevent a mixed profile that may complicate interpretation. While there are methods that can achieve this separation, they are labour intensive and have no guarantee of complete separation of the spermatozoa. Immunomagnetic bead separation techniques are being adapted from other scientific fields to be used in forensic biology to separate spermatozoa from mixed substrates. This study tested the binding of a Hyaluronidase PH-20 (SPAM1) antibody to spermatozoa in mixed cell samples that have been dried and stored for a short period of time. Fluorescently tagged antibodies were incubated with cellular mixtures and visualized using fluorescent microscopy. Successful binding of the antibodies to spermatozoa was observed in all samples. The SPAM1 antibody appears to be suitable for selection of spermatozoa and creates opportunities for linking with magnetic beads facilitate cell separation and DNA profiling.     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者外周血白细胞介素6、白细胞介素8和白细胞介素10的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）患者外周血中白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）和白细胞介素10（IL-10）的表达及其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2018年3月至2021年3月厦门大学附属第一医院78例初治DLBCL患者的临床资料，选取同期58名健康体检者作为健康对照。采用流式微球捕获芯片技术（CBA）检测受试者外周血中IL-6、IL-8和IL-10表达水平，并分析DLBCL患者这些指标与临床特征、疾病分期和预后的关系。结果:DLBCL组IL-6、IL-8和IL-10表达水平均高于健康对照组[（171.81±70.91）pg/ml比（2.71±0.28）pg/ml，（47.95±13.04）pg/ml比（3.69±0.47）pg/ml，（38.02±10.35）pg/ml比（1.77±0.23）pg/ml]，差异均有统计学意义（ t值分别为2.38、3.39、3.50，均 P<0.05）。DLBCL患者中，骨髓侵犯、国际预后指数（IPI）评分3~5分及临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的IL-6、IL-8和IL-10水平均高于骨髓未侵犯、IPI评分1~2分及临床分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者（均 P<0.05）。DLBCL患者外周血中IL-6与IL-8、IL-6与IL-10、IL-8与IL-10表达水平均相关（ r2值分别为0.93、0.89、0.89，均 P<0.05）。IL-6、IL-8、IL-10均高表达的患者中，临床分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、6个疗程后未缓解患者比例均高于IL-6、IL-8、IL-10单项及两项高表达患者，差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。 结论:DLBCL患者外周血清中IL-6、IL-8和IL-10表达水平具有较高的相关性，三者表达水平升高预示DLBCL患者疾病分期较晚、预后较差。     

Distribution and Detection of Radiopaque Beads after Hepatic Transarterial Embolization in Swine: Cone-Beam CT versus MicroCT

Purpose

To determine the true distribution of radiopaque beads (ROBs) after hepatic embolization in swine as imaged by micro-computed tomography (microCT) compared with in vivo cone-beam computerized tomography (CT) imaged at different kVp settings.

Getting on target: Development of the novel,prozone-resistant,dual antibody rapid test (DART) for the LABScreen single antigen bead (SAB) assay

A major limitation of the single antigen bead (SAB) assay is the so called prozone effect, whereby the detection of high titer complement fixing HLA antibodies is compromised due to complement split product (from C3 and C4 components) deposition and interference with the reporter anti-IgG-PE antibody binding. Strategies to minimize prozone include serum titration or treatment with heat, dithiotreitol (DTT), or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). While effective, these treatments may compromise HLA antibody binding and detection. Here we describe the Dual Antibody Rapid Test (DART), a modified version of the rapid optimized SAB (ROB) protocol, in which we use an IgG-PE/C3d-PE antibody cocktail to simultaneously detect bead bound IgG and C3d, which allows for detection of HLA antibodies independent of the prozone effect. Twenty prozone positive sera (10 class I and 10 class II), identified by titration, were tested by the ROB protocol, with or without EDTA pre-treatment, using three reporter antibody cocktails: (1) IgG-PE, (2) C3d-PE, or (3) IgG-PE/C3d-PE (DART). Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were then compared. IgG negative (n = 735) vs IgG positive (n = 1185) reactions were identified using a 1000 MFI IgG EDTA cutoff. IgG positive reactions were classified based on ΔMFI (IgG EDTA – IgG) as follows: (1) prozone negative (ΔMFI < 3000; n = 737), (2) slight prozone (ΔMFI 3001–5000; n = 49), (3) moderate prozone (ΔMFI 5001–10,000; n = 93), and (4) marked prozone (ΔMFI > 10,001; n = 306). No C3d deposition was present on IgG negative beads, and the majority of prozone positive specificities (438/448; 98%) fixed complement and were detected with the C3d-PE reporter. Interestingly, C3d-PE MFI was directly proportional to the degree of prozone (mean C3d-PE MFI = 4419.5 ± 1606.3 for slight, 5991.0 ± 2302.7 for moderate, and 12,417.4 ± 2969.9 for marked prozone specificities). Interestingly, EDTA treatment was found to have a negative impact on MFI of up to 15% of prozone negative specificities. Importantly, the DART protocol detected all prozone positive specificities while MFI for prozone negative specificities correlated well with those seen with the IgG-PE reporter alone (R² = 0.97). In conclusion, the DART protocol accurately detects HLA antibodies independent of the prozone effect. Implementation of DART is an easy way to overcome the prozone effect without compromising HLA antibody detection.     

隐血珠对上消化道疾病诊断价值初步研究

目的　探讨隐血珠对上消化道疾病诊断价值。方法　对自然人群中 2 4712例志愿者行隐血珠检测 ,对检测结果为“ ”及“ ”者作纤维胃镜进一步检查确诊 ,并进行统计分析。结果　对隐血珠检测阳性者志愿作胃镜检查 2 5 6 8例 ,发现上消化道各种炎性病变 2 0 15例 ,占75 80 % ,上消化道癌 10 8例 ,占 4 0 6 % ,消化性溃疡、平滑肌瘤、憩室、息肉等病变占 3 76 %。结论　秦氏隐血珠在上消化道肿瘤高发区高危人群中作为普查初筛手段确有重要实用价值 ;对临床判断有无上消化道炎性病变亦有重要参考价值 ,故值得进一步推广应用     

Time-Dependent Shrinkage Model for Recycled Fine Aggregate Thermal Insulation Concrete

In this study, the shrinkage performance of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete (RATIC) with added glazed hollow beads (GHB) was investigated and a time-dependent shrinkage model was proposed. Two types of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) were used to replace natural fine aggregate in RATIC: RFA from waste concrete (RFA1) and waste clay brick (RFA2). Besides, the mechanical properties and thermal insulation performance of RATIC were also studied. Results showed that the pozzolanic reaction caused by RFA2 effectively improved the mechanical properties of RATIC; 75% was the optimal replacement ratio of RATIC prepared by RFA2. Added RFA decreased the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation concrete (TIC). The total shrinkage strain of RATIC increased with the increase of the replacement ratio of RFA. The 150d total shrinkage of RATIC prepared by RFA1 was 1.46 times that of TIC and the 150d total shrinkage of RATIC prepared by RFA2 was 1.23 times. The addition of GHBs led to the increase of early total shrinkage strain of concrete. Under the combined action of the higher elastic modulus of RFA2 and the pozzolanic components contained in RFA2, the total shrinkage strain of RATIC prepared by RFA2 with the same replacement ratio was smaller than that of RATIC prepared by RFA1. For example, the final total shrinkage strain of RATIC prepared by RFA2 at 100% replacement ratio was about 18.6% less than that of RATIC prepared by RFA1. A time-dependent shrinkage model considering the influence of the elastic modulus of RFA and the addition of GHB on the total shrinkage of RATIC was proposed and validated by the experimental results.     

耳穴磁珠贴压联合针灸治疗老年功能性便秘的疗效及对中医证候积分、直肠感觉功能的影响

目的:观察耳穴磁珠贴压联合针灸治疗老年功能性便秘的疗效及对中医证候积分、直肠感觉功能的影响.方法:选取2019年4月至2020年9月本院收治的104例老年功能性便秘患者,按照数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各52例,对照组采用针灸治疗,日1次,5次为1个疗程,疗程间隔3d.治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上联合耳穴磁珠贴压治疗,两组...     

Hemobilia immediately after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using drug‐eluting beads for hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic bile duct invasion

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is used as a palliative treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Recently, a novel drug delivery–embolic agent, the drug‐eluting bead (DEB), was introduced for TACE. There are a few reports of tumor hemorrhage after TACE using DEB (DEB‐TACE) for HCC. However, there have not been any reports of hemobilia immediately after DEB‐TACE for HCC with intrahepatic bile duct invasion. Here, the first such case is reported. A 71‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital to undergo DEB‐TACE for multiple HCCs with worsening left intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. She was diagnosed with HCC that extensively invaded the left hepatic duct. After DEB‐TACE through the left hepatic artery, a hepatic arteriogram showed extra flow of the contrast agent to the left hepatic and common bile ducts. Therefore, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the responsible vessel was carried out using coils, and no extra flow of the contrast agent was identified. The patient was discharged 14 days after TAE without deterioration of liver function. Although hemobilia immediately after DEB‐TACE is rare, there may be increased potential for hemobilia when DEB‐TACE is carried out for HCC with extensive bile duct invasion. We suggest that DEB‐TACE may be contraindicated for such cases.     

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合贝伐珠单抗治疗复发性卵巢癌的临床分析

目的:探讨白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合贝伐珠单抗治疗复发性卵巢癌疗效、不良反应和生存情况。方法:选取经病理学诊断为卵巢上皮癌患者78例,既往使用过紫杉类、吉西他滨等药物治疗后进展,接受白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合贝伐珠单抗方案治疗。具体方案:第1天接受白蛋白结合型紫杉醇260mg/m2、第2天接受贝伐珠单抗15mg/m2,21d为1个周期,每个周期评价不良反应,2个周期评价疗效。结果:78例患者均可进行疗效评价,无完全缓解病例,部分缓解9例,稳定42例,进展27例,有效率为11.5%（9/78）,临床获益率为65.4%(51/78)。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、消化道反应、乏力、脱发、外周神经毒性、皮疹、高血压、肌肉酸痛,不良反应多为I级和II级毒性,患者对毒副作用均可耐受,未发生治疗相关性死亡。结论:白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合贝伐珠单抗治疗复发性卵巢癌可获得较好的疗效,不良反应可以耐受。