流式微球分析技术检测慢性荨麻疹患者血清炎性细胞因子水平及其意义

目的:探讨炎性细胞因子在慢性荨麻疹患者血清中的水平及其在发病机制中的作用。方法:采用流式微球分析(CBA)法检测23例慢性荨麻疹患者和24例正常人血清中IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-10和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)含量。结果:慢性荨麻疹患者血清IL-3、IL-7和GM-CSF水平分别为(31.2±12.4)μg/mL(、28.7±11.2)μg/mL及(39.8±24.7)μg/mL,均比正常对照组的(237.4±123.9)μg/mL(、490.0±202.3)μg/mL及(326.8±161.7)μg/mL显著降低(均P<0.05),而IL-4、IL-5及IL-10水平虽然较对照组低下,但均无显著性差异(均P>0.05)。结论:CBA法结果提示IL-3、IL-7和GM-CSF在慢性荨麻疹发病机制中起着重要的作用。     

白癜风患者郎格罕细胞的光,电镜研究

白癜风患者郎格罕细胞的光、电镜研究杜娟①朱铁君①郎格罕细胞（ＬＣ）是抗原呈递细胞，在许多皮肤病的发病中占重要地位，很多文献也报道了ＬＣ在白癜风皮损中的数量变化，但结论很不一致。本研究旨在通过严格的自身平行对照，观察白癜风患者白斑、白斑边缘及远离白斑处...     

The effect of personalized versus standard patient protocols for radiostereometric analysis (RSA)

IntroductionIncreasing pressure in the clinic requires a more standardized approach to radiostereometric analysis (RSA) imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate whether implementation of personalized RSA patient protocols could increase image quality and decrease examination time and the number of exposure repetitions.MethodsForty patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty were equally randomized to either a case or a control group. Radiographers in the case group were assisted by personalized patient protocols containing information about each patient's post-operative RSA imaging. Radiographers in the control group used a standard RSA protocol.ResultsAt three months, radiographers in the case group significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the number of exposures by 1.6, examination time with 19.2 min, and distance between centrum of prosthesis and centrum of calibration field with 34.1 mm when compared to post-operative (baseline) results. At twelve months, the case group significantly reduced (p < 0.001) number of exposures by two, examination time with 22.5 min, and centrum of prosthesis to centrum of calibration field distance with 43.1 mm when compared to baseline results. No significant improvements were found in the control group at any time point.ConclusionThere is strong evidence that personalized RSA patient protocols have a positive effect on image quality and radiation dose savings. Implementation of personal patient protocols as a RSA standard will contribute to the reduction of examination time, thus ensuring a cost benefit for department and patient safety.     

肺癌标志物流式微球阵列的分析性能评价

目的 通过探讨检测下限、精密度、特异性、方法学比对和线性范围,评价基于流式细胞仪的肺癌标志物流式微球阵列的分析性能。方法 利用流式细胞仪,测试肺癌标志物流式微球阵列试剂盒检测血清中肺癌标志物癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段（Cyfra21-1）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的检测下限、精密度、特异性和线性范围;以蛋白质印迹（Western blotting）法验证抗体识别抗原的专一性;检测血红蛋白、三酰甘油、胆红素对CEA、Cyfra21-1和NSE检测的干扰作用;通过与电化学发光免疫分析法比对,考察了肺癌标志物流式微球阵列的准确性。结果 CEA、Cyfra21-1和NSE的检测下限分别为1.71、3.97、2.27pg/mL,批内精密度均≤10%,批间精密度均≤15%;特异性结果显示,CEA、Cyfra21-1、NSE的配对抗体能分别专一识别抗原,CEA与同源类似物癌胚抗原相关黏附分子6（CEACAM6）、cyfra21-1与重组人细胞角蛋白18（CK18）、NSE与非神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NNE）无明显交叉反应;三酰甘油、胆红素对血清样本检测无显著干扰作用,500 ng/mL的血红蛋白能够明显干扰Cyfra21-1（P<0.05）和NSE（P<0.05）的检测;流式微球阵列和电化学发光免疫分析的CEA、Cyfra21-1、NSE检测结果的相关系数值分别为0.9842、0.9622、0.982 0;CEA、Cyfra21-1、NSE的线性范围分别为355.76 pg/mL～367.74 ng/mL、87.89 pg/mL～107.8 ng/mL、90.12 pg/mL～86.07 ng/mL。结论 肺癌标志物流式微球阵列的分析性能符合要求。     

Covax-19/Spikogen® vaccine based on recombinant spike protein extracellular domain with Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant provides single dose protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters

COVID-19 presents an ongoing global health crisis. Protein-based COVID-19 vaccines that are well-tolerated, safe, highly-protective and convenient to manufacture remain of major interest. We therefore sought to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a number of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein candidates expressed in insect cells. By comparison to a full length (FL) spike protein detergent-extracted nanoparticle antigen, the soluble secreted spike protein extracellular domain (ECD) generated higher protein yields per liter of culture and when formulated with either Alum-CpG55.2 or Advax-CpG55.2 combination adjuvants elicited robust antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity in mice. In hamsters, the spike ECD when formulated with either adjuvant induced high serum neutralizing antibody titers even after a single dose. When challenged with the homologous SARS-CoV-2 virus, hamsters immunized with the adjuvanted spike ECD exhibited reduced viral load in day 1–3 oropharyngeal swabs and day 3 nasal turbinate tissue and had no recoverable infectious virus in day 3 lung tissue. The reduction in lung viral load correlated with less weight loss and lower lung pathology scores. The formulations of spike ECD with Alum-CpG55.2 or Advax-CpG55.2 were protective even after just a single dose, although the 2-dose regimen performed better overall and required only half the total amount of antigen. Pre-challenge serum neutralizing antibody levels showed a strong correlation with lung protection, with a weaker correlation seen with nasal or oropharyngeal protection. This suggests that serum neutralizing antibody levels may correlate more closely with systemic, rather than mucosal, protection. The spike protein ECD with Advax-CpG55.2 formulation (Covax-19® vaccine) was selected for human clinical development.     

免疫磁珠法检测外周血微转移前列腺癌细胞的方法学探讨

目的:探讨前列腺癌外周血微转移免疫磁珠检测方法学的建立及其意义。方法:体外培养前列腺癌LNCaP细胞,将其分别与外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)及全血细胞混合,混合细胞悬液和事先已与单克隆抗体(鼠抗人PSMA单抗)预孵育的包被人抗鼠IgG抗体的磁珠作用,在磁架上分离,显微镜观察,计算玫瑰花环形成率,并进行灵敏度的检测。台盼蓝染色检测分选前后癌细胞存活率。结果:免疫磁珠检测法敏感性高,当PBMC与LNCaP细胞比例为106:1时可以检测到癌细胞,检测灵敏度为20个肿瘤细胞/mL外周血。分选后癌细胞活率较之分选前未明显改变。结论:免疫磁珠法是一种简便、快速、灵敏并且临床实用价值高的检测技术,可为临床早期发现前列腺癌微小残留提供新的思路,有助于前列腺癌的治疗和预后判断。     

Clinical significance of donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies in liver transplantation

Antibody-mediated rejection(AMR) caused by donorspecific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies(DSA) is widely accepted to be a risk factor for decreased graft survival after kidney transplantation. This entity also plays a pathogenic role in other solid organ transplants as it appears to be an increasingly common cause of heart graft dysfunction and an emerging issue in lung transplantation. In contrast, the liver appears relatively resistant to DSA-mediated injury. This "immune-tolerance" liver property has been sustained by a low rate of liver graft loss in patients with preformed DSA and by the intrinsic liver characteristics that favor the absorption and elimination of DSA; however, alloantibody-mediated adverse consequences are increasingly being recognized, and several cases of acute AMR after ABO-compatible liver transplant(LT) have been reported. Furthermore, the availability of new solid-phase assays, allowing the detection of low titers of DSA and the refinement of objective diagnostic criteria for AMR in solid organ transplants and particularly in LT, have improved the recognition and management of this entity. A cost-effective strategy of DSA monitoring, avoidance of class Ⅱ human leukocyte antigen mismatching, judicious immunosuppression attached to a higher level of clinical suspicion of AMR, particularly in cases unresponsive to conventional antirejection therapy, can allow a rational approach to this threat.     

流式微球技术在小分子物质高通量快速检测中的应用

流式微球技术是一种仅需少量样品即可实现多种待测目标成分实时、快速检测的新型分析技术,具有高通量、高特异性、高灵敏性、操作简便、低成本、重复性好、快速检测等优势,已被广泛用于食品、农产品、环境等领域内各种目标成分的检测研究,近年来尤其在小分子物质检测方面取得较快进展。该文介绍了流式微球技术的原理,总结了其在真菌毒素、农药残留、贝类毒素等小分子物质检测中的应用,并展望了流式微球技术在中药复杂基质中痕量小分子物质检测的应用及其发展趋势。