Immunological contributions to adipose tissue homeostasis

Adipose tissue is composed of many functionally and developmentally distinct cell types, the metabolic core of which is the adipocyte. The classification of “adipocyte” encompasses three primary types – white, brown, and beige – with distinct origins, anatomic distributions, and homeostatic functions. The ability of adipocytes to store and release lipids, respond to insulin, and perform their endocrine functions (via secretion of adipokines) is heavily influenced by the immune system. Various cell populations of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system can resist or exacerbate the development of the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Here, we discuss these interactions, with a focus on their consequences for adipocyte and adipose tissue function in the setting of chronic overnutrition. In addition, we will review the effects of diet composition on adipose tissue inflammation and recent evidence suggesting that diet-driven disruption of the gut microbiota can trigger pathologic inflammation of adipose tissue.     

粘液型铜绿假单胞菌藻酸盐对免疫细胞功能影响

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜感染免疫逃逸机制. 方法以琼脂糖平板法、鲁米诺发光试验以及MTT比色法分别测定中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞趋化、吞噬以及转化功能,考察铜绿假单胞菌藻酸盐对免疫细胞功能的影响. 结果低浓度铜绿假单胞菌藻酸盐(5 μg/ml)对中性粒细胞的趋化以及吞噬功能,以及淋巴细胞的转化功能的抑制率分别为10.57%、22.33%、25.70%. 结论铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜感染免疫逃逸可能与其分泌藻酸盐免疫抑制作用密切相关.     

Advances in anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine

Sinomenine,a major active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng(Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils.),has been proven to have anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects,and is clinically used for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.However,due to complex molecular mechanisms and pathological characteristics in inflammatory and immune responses,the precise anti-inflammatory and immunological mechanisms of sinomenine are still unclear.This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine during recent years in rheumatoid arthritis,respiratory system,nervous system,digestive system and organ transplant rejection.The molecular pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects were in detail introduced based on 3 aspects including cytokines induction,signal pathways modulation and immune cells function regulation.Moreover,this review also raises some concerns and challenges in future sinomenine study,which will contribute to crucial theoretical and practical significance for in-depth development and utilization of sinomenine as medicinal resource.     

化疗和胸腺肽对恶性血液病患者免疫活性细胞的影响

目的 观察恶性血液病患者化疗前后外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性,探讨胸腺肽对提高机体免疫功能的作用。方法 应用单克隆抗体和流式细胞仪检测化疗加胸腺肽治疗组（A组）和单纯化疗组（B组）恶性血液病患者化疗前后外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性,并与对照组进行比较。结果 化疗前恶性血液病患者各项免疫活性细胞表达均低于对照组;治疗后A组的NK细胞活性明显高于B组,A组治疗后CD3^＋、CD4^ 、CD4^ /CD8^＋及NK细胞活性明显高于治疗前。结论 恶性血液病患者T细胞亚群、NK细胞活性受到明显抑制,胸腺肽能明显增强恶性血液病患者的细胞免疫功能,尤其是对NK细胞,它是1种低毒高效的生物反应调节剂。     

孤独症谱系障碍神经免疫机制的研究进展

孤独症是一组发生在婴幼儿时期广泛而严重的神经系统发育障碍性疾病,2013年5月颁布的美国精神疾病诊断与分类手册第五版将孤独症更名为孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD).该文综述近年来ASD神经免疫机制方面的异常,包括免疫因子、神经递质与抗脑组织抗体等.     

Identification of immune-related lncRNAs in periodontitis reveals regulation network of gene-lncRNA-pathway-immunocyte

BackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which is essential in regulating multiple biological functions, have been found to have pivotal roles in immune regulation. Since immune reaction and immunocytes are the key part in periodontitis progression, we aim to investigate the underlying lncRNA-immunity regulatory network of periodontitis. Methods: A series of bioinformatic algorithms were used to identify immune-related lncRNAs in periodontitis. Infiltrating immunocyte were calculated by MCP-count. Pathway activity were estimated by the GSVA. The relationships between immune-related lncRNA and periodontitis features were investigated including immune gene categories, perturbated lncRNAs, immunocytes and pathways. Immune-related periodontitis subtypes were identified by ConsensusClusterPlus algorithm. Immunocytes related gene-lncRNA modules were identified by WGCNA. Results: An integrated algorithm and pipeline to identify immune-related lncRNAs was developed and 1059 immune-related lncRNAs in 14 immune categories were identified, 291 of them were perturbated in periodontitis. An independent validation set verified the robustness of immune-related lncRNAs. A higher proportion of immune-related lncRNAs are correlated with immunocyte infiltration. Pathways associated with immune-related lncRNAs were also revealed. Two distinct immune-related periodontitis subtypes were identified according to perturbated immune-related lncRNAs with different immune and clinical characteristics, in which subtype-1 has a higher infiltrated immunocytes, higher immune reaction scores and more chronic periodontitis samples. Immunocytes and clinical phenotypes matching their gene-lncRNA modules, and their functions were annotated. Conclusions: Our study systematically investigated periodontitis immune-related lncRNAs and have taken a glimpse of the underlying mechanism of periodontitis from gene-lncRNA-immunocyte networks, which can not only inspire researchers but also help in periodontitis related immune researches.     

免疫细胞疗法对苯中毒所致骨髓造血功能障碍的改善作用

目的 探讨免疫细胞疗法对苯引起的骨髓造血功能损伤的疗效。方法 抽取患者外周血40～50ml，分离单个核细胞经白细胞介素-2、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)混合培养6d，收集形成的新免疫细胞并清除杂质后静脉回输给患者，治疗前后分别检测CD4、CD8含量，重度苯中毒患者治疗前后均在右髂后上棘作骨髓穿刺涂片及骨髓病理检查。结果 20例慢性苯中毒患者中9例重度中毒者，经免疫细胞治疗后外周血细胞数、骨髓涂片及骨髓活检结果全部恢复正常；在治疗前T细胞亚群检测CD4、CD8比例倒置者，经治疗后恢复正常比例，治疗期间分别定期检测心、肝、肾功能未发现异常。对所有治疗患者进行追踪观察(最长为1年3个月)，骨髓造血功能均在正常范围内。结论苯中毒所致的骨髓造血功能障碍与免疫功能紊乱有密切关系，采用免疫细胞治疗对恢复苯中毒引起的骨髓造血功能障碍有显著疗效。     

微量营养素对艾滋病病毒感染者体内免疫细胞及微量元素水平影响的研究

目的 研究微量营养素对HIV感染者体内免疫细胞及微量元素水平的影响.方法 选择25～49岁的HIV感染者,试验组服用复合微量营养素片,对照组服用安慰剂.试验开始及结束时分别进行体格测量、免疫细胞及微量元素水平的测定.结果 试验前试验组与对照组的身高、体重和微量营养素摄入、免疫细胞及微量元素水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).6个月后,试验组免疫细胞(CD4+、CD8+、CD3+T淋巴细胞)分别为(2078±108)个/mm3、(582±75)个/mm3、(1287±97)+/mm3,高于对照组的(1436±105)个/mm3、(472±61)个/mm3、(998±84)个/mm3,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组血清锌、钙、镁、铁分别为(144.89±9.78)μmol/L、(1.89±0.19)μmol/L、(1.68±0.12)μmol/L、(152.61±8.94)μmol/L,高于对照组(102.67±5.45)μmol/L、(1.13±0.07)μmol/L、(0.85±0.05)μmol/L、(89.24±3.91)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 补充微量营养素能提高HIV感染者体内锌、钙、镁、铁的水平,并能增进免疫功能.     

女子田径运动员免疫细胞对不同运动负荷应答及恢复的特征

目的:观察女子田径运动员免疫细胞对不同运动负荷的应答性变化特征,探讨其可能机制。方法:在陕西省田径队女子400m跑运动员(n=9)大运动量、大强度训练前后,应用YSI-1500SPORT血乳酸自动分析仪测定全血乳酸含量及应用METBC-2000全自动血球分析仪对血液免疫指标(白细胞总数;淋巴细胞;中性粒细胞;单核-巨噬细胞)进行测定。结果:①大运动量训练后即刻,淋巴细胞显著升高(t=2.31,P<0.05),白细胞计数、中性粒细胞非常显著升高(t=7.07～7.15,P均<0.01以上),单核细胞高于运动前64%,但无显著性差异(t=1.59,P>0.05),恢复3h后,白细胞计数回降幅度不大(t=5.46,P<0.01),中性粒细胞在继续升高,达运动前的2.3倍(t=5.10,P<0.01),单核细胞、淋巴细胞已恢复到运动前水平。②比赛后即刻,白细胞计数,淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞在赛后即刻分别显著高于比赛前71%,66%,120%(t=3.04～4.84,P均<0.01),单核细胞高于赛前65%,但无显著性差异(t=2.23,P>0.05),恢复3h后,白细胞计数回降幅度不大(t=3.56,P<0.01),中性粒细胞在继续升高,达比赛前的2.2倍(t=7.59,P<0.01),单核细胞、淋巴细胞已恢复赛前水平。③两种负荷运动后24h,各指标均基本恢复。结论:免疫细胞在不同运动负荷后均会上升,但上升幅度间差异非常大,表明应答不仅影响循环池中白细胞     

支气管哮喘与细胞免疫

支气管哮喘是多种免疫细胞参与的慢性呼吸道炎症,对各种免疫细胞在支气管哮喘发病中的作用及作用机制的深入研究将提高对支气管哮喘发病机制的认识。