动态增强MRI定量参数及最大线性斜率比值对鉴别乳腺良恶性疾病的价值

目的 通过对动态增强MRI时间.信号强度曲线(TIC)的后处理,寻找有效的鉴别诊断良、恶乳腺疾病的定量参数.方法 回顾性分析行MR检查的30例乳腺疾病初诊患者,对动态增强MRI的TIC进行后处理,得出最高信号强度(SImax)、强化峰值(PH)、最大线性斜率(Slope)、最大线性斜率比值(SlopeR)4个定量参数,用独立样本t检验和秩和检验评价4个定量参数在良、恶性病灶间的分布是否具有统计学意义.结果 共17个良性病灶和18个恶性病灶,良性病灶和恶性病灶的SImax值(M值)分别为375.2和158.1,95%可信区间分别为278.2～506.0和160.5～374.8;PH值(M值)分别为114.4和87.8.95%可信区间分别为73.7-196.5和71.3~162.9;Slope值(M值)分别为22.3×10-3和44.0×10-3,95%可信区间分别为13.7×10-3~41.1×10-3和46.1×10-3~81.8×10-3;SlopeR值(M值)分别为2.6和11.4,95%可信区间分别为1.9～3.4和9.8~14.5.SImax、PH值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);Slope值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),但曲线下面积重叠较大;SlopeR值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),曲线下面积重叠少.结论 SlopeR值对乳腺良、恶性病灶间的鉴别有重要意义.     

低剂量增强多层螺旋CT对陈旧性心肌梗死心肌活性的评价

目的 前瞻性评价低剂量增强多层螺旋CT(MSCT)显示陈旧性心肌梗死心肌活性的可行性和可靠性,并与MR心肌灌注和心肌活性成像进行对照研究.方法 对32例临床明确诊断为陈旧性心肌梗死的患者行前瞻性首过和延迟增强64层MSCT及MR心肌灌注成像,在短轴面上将左心室分为16个心肌段进行分析,所有患者的MSCT和MR影像资料被双盲分析,确定早期心肌灌注缺损区和晚期延迟增强区的大小及范围.采用一致性检验的Kappa检验,评价两种方法对显示心肌活性的一致性.结果 32例患者,首过灌注期MSCT提示灌注缺损为41个节段,无灌注缺损为471个节段;首过灌沣期MRI提示灌注缺损为47个节段,无灌注缺损为465个节段,两种方法一致性Kappa值为0.650,符合率为94.5%(484/512).延迟期MSCT显示延迟增强为135个节段,其中非透壁性梗死为50个节段,透壁性梗死为85个节段,未出现延迟增强为377个节段;延迟期MRI显示延迟增强为120个节段,其中非透壁性梗死为56个节段,透壁性梗死为64个节段,未出现延迟增强为392个节段,两种方法一致性Kappa值为0.609,符合率为80.7%(413/512).结论 低剂量增强螺旋MSCT与MRI对心肌活性的评价有较好的相关性,MSCT对陈旧性心肌梗死的存活心肌和非存活心肌的检测是呵行和可靠的,减少不必要的X线辐射剂量是该研究的重要方面.     

气管支气管病变的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:回顾性分析41例气管支气管病变的多层螺旋CT(MDCT)影像资料,探讨MDCT对气管支气管病变的诊断价值。材料和方法:搜集自2006年5至2007年8月共41例气管支气管病变的MDCT资料,常规横断面为6mm层厚,回顾性重建为1mm层厚、1mm层间隔,并于同步工作站进行三维重建,包括CT仿真支气管内镜(CTVE)、多层面/曲面成像(MPP/CPR)、最大/小密度投影(MIP,MinIP)、表面遮盖成像(SSD))和容积重组(VR)。结果:MDCT结合多种三维重建可以很好地显示气管支气管的正常和异常,肺癌、支气管结核、支气管腔内占位以及邻近病变所致气道狭窄各有特点。三维重建对狭窄部位、范围和程度的确定显示很好。结论:MDCT结合多种后处理三维重建对气管支气管的各种类型病变有较好的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。     

Evaluation of motion correction effect and image quality with the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) (BLADE) and parallel imaging acquisition technique in the upper abdomen

PURPOSE: To evaluate motion correction effect and image quality in the upper abdomen with the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) (BLADE) and parallel imaging acquisition technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 consecutive patients underwent abdominal MR imaging. Fat-saturated T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences were obtained by respiratory triggering. The subjects were examined with three different conditions of echo train length (ETL), blade width, and percent k-space coverage in the same scanning time: 19/30/100%, 30/30/100%, and 30/52/175%, which were designated as L/C(1), L/C(2), and L/C(3), respectively. The parallel imaging acquisition technique was used to either reduce ETL from 30 to 19 in L/C(1) or increase k-space coverage from 100% to 175% in L/C(3) compared with L/C(2). Motion and streak artifacts, and overall image quality were evaluated visually by two radiologists, independently. RESULTS: Motion and streak artifacts were mostly reduced in L/C(3) condition. The L/C(3) image also gave the best overall image quality compared with other conditions (P < 0.001). The inter-rater reliability for each evaluation agreed well. CONCLUSION: In upper abdominal BLADE MRI, it was possible to reduce image artifacts and obtain better image quality by increasing the k-space coverage with parallel imaging in the same scanning time.     

多发嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断价值

目的:分析多发嗜铬细胞瘤的影像学表现及动态增强特征,以提高其诊断准确性。方法:经手术病理证实的多发嗜铬细胞瘤9例,其中双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤7例,Von Hippel-Lindau病1例,腹膜后副神经节瘤并膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤1例。术前经螺旋CT和多层螺旋CT平扫、动脉期(30s)和门脉期(70～80s)扫描。对比剂采用欧乃派克或优维显,注射流率3ml/s。仔细复习CT扫描结果并与手术病理作回顾性对照分析。结果:9例嗜铬细胞瘤共18个病灶中,双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤7例,双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤并胰腺神经内分泌瘤和肾细胞肾癌1例(Von Hippel-Lindau病),腹膜后副神经节瘤并膀胱恶性嗜铬细胞瘤1例。良性病灶13个,恶性病灶5个。肿瘤呈圆形或椭圆形15个,不规则形3个。直径3.2～13.7cm,平均5.6cm。病灶直径<5.0cm3个,5.0～10.0cm13个,>10cm2个。肿瘤实质成分平扫CT值为34.2～53.0HU,平均42.7HU;动脉期CT值63.7～91.5HU,平均80.7HU;门脉期CT值75.1～126.4HU,平均98.1HU。8例双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤16个病灶中,6例两侧病灶大小、形态、密度、动态增强强化程度和强化方式相仿,2例两侧大小不同,坏死、囊变不同,但动态增强强化程度和强化方式相仿。结论:多发嗜铬细胞瘤包括双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤、副神经节瘤和脏器嗜铬细胞瘤,多位于双侧肾上腺,CT表现与肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤相仿,同一病例不同肿瘤的大小、形态、坏死囊变、动态增强强化方式和强化程度相仿,少数肿瘤大小不同,坏死囊变存在差异。     

Spinal intraoperative three-dimensional navigation: correlation between clinical and absolute engineering accuracy

Background Context

Spinal intraoperative computer-assisted navigation (CAN) may guide pedicle screw placement. Computer-assisted navigation techniques have been reported to reduce pedicle screw breach rates across all spinal levels. However, definitions of screw breach vary widely across studies, if reported at all. The absolute quantitative error of spinal navigation systems is theoretically a more precise and generalizable metric of navigation accuracy. It has also been computed variably and reported in less than a quarter of clinical studies of CAN-guided pedicle screw accuracy.

低管电压联合迭代模型重建技术在肝脏CT增强扫描中的可行性研究

目的 探讨低管电压联合迭代模型重建(IMR)技术在肝脏CT增强扫描中的可行性。方法 60例患者按随机数字表法分为A组和B组,每组30例。扫描方案A组动脉期100 kV,门静脉期120 kV,B组动脉期120 kV,门静脉期100 kV。各组管电流均固定为250 mAs。A组动脉期和B组门静脉期采用IMR,A组门静脉期和B组动脉期采用滤波反投影(FBP)重建,得到4组图像,包括A1组(动脉期,100 kV,IMR),B1组(动脉期,120 kV,FBP),A2组(门静脉期,120 kV,FBP)以及B2组(门静脉期,100 kV,IMR)。分别比较A1组和B1组,A2组和B2组的图像质量客观评价指标 [图像噪声、图像信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)] 和主观评价指标(低对比分辨力、病灶边缘锐利度、图像失真及诊断信心度),并计算有效剂量。结果 有效剂量A1组较B1组、B2组较A2组明显下降(t=11.05、11.64, P<0.01)。低对比分辨力、病灶边缘锐利度A1优于B1组、 B2优于A2组(Z=6.391、3.200、6.559、3.409, P<0.01),图像失真和诊断信心差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。图像噪声A1组低于B1组,B2组低于A2组(t=12.889、15.163, P<0.01),SNR和CNR A1组高于B1组,B2组高于A2组(t=15.458、1.325、15.308、3.136, P<0.01)。结论 与常规管电压FBP重建相比,低管电压联合IMR重建可显著降低肝脏增强CT的辐射剂量,并提高其图像质量。     

Reduced Field-of-View Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pancreas: Comparison with Conventional Single-Shot Echo-Planar Imaging

ObjectiveTo investigate the image quality (IQ) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of reduced field-of-view (FOV) di-ffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of pancreas in comparison with full FOV DWI.ResultsOn qualitative analysis, reduced FOV DWI showed better anatomic structure visualization (2.76 ± 0.79 at b = 0 s/mm² and 2.81 ± 0.64 at b = 400 s/mm²), lesion conspicuity (3.11 ± 0.99 at b = 0 s/mm² and 3.15 ± 0.79 at b = 400 s/mm²), IQ score (8.51 ± 2.05 at b = 0 s/mm² and 8.79 ± 1.60 at b = 400 s/mm²), and higher clinical utility (3.41 ± 0.64), as compared to full FOV DWI (anatomic structure, 2.18 ± 0.59 at b = 0 s/mm² and 2.56 ± 0.47 at b = 500 s/mm²; lesion conspicuity, 2.55 ± 1.07 at b = 0 s/mm² and 2.89 ± 0.86 at b = 500 s/mm²; IQ score, 7.13 ± 1.83 at b = 0 s/mm² and 8.17 ± 1.31 at b = 500 s/mm²; clinical utility, 3.14 ± 0.70) (p < 0.05). Artifacts were significantly improved on reduced FOV DWI (2.65 ± 0.68) at b = 0 s/mm² (full FOV DWI, 2.41 ± 0.63) (p < 0.001). On quantitative analysis, there were no significant differences between the 2 DWI sequences in ADCs of various pancreatic lesions and parenchyma (p > 0.05). ADCs of adenocarcinomas (1.061 × 10^-3 mm²/s ± 0.133 at reduced FOV and 1.079 × 10^-3 mm²/s ± 0.135 at full FOV) and neuroendocrine tumors (0.983 × 10^-3 mm²/s ± 0.152 at reduced FOV and 1.004 × 10^-3 mm²/s ± 0.153 at full FOV) were significantly lower than those of parenchyma (1.191 × 10^-3 mm²/s ± 0.125 at reduced FOV and 1.218 × 10^-3 mm²/s ± 0.103 at full FOV) (p < 0.05).ConclusionReduced FOV DWI of the pancreas provides better overall IQ including better anatomic detail, lesion conspicuity and subjective clinical utility.     

计算机辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入参数的获取

目的探讨利用CT三维重建技术模拟颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入的方法,以获得预置螺钉的椎弓根三维定量解剖数据及置钉参数。方法将颈椎16排CT扫描的数据导入Mimics8．1软件中,进行颈椎CT三维重建,在三维图像上构建一圆柱体来模拟椎弓根螺钉,并置入颈椎椎弓根内,然后测量各项置钉参数。结果应用CT三维重建技术可以获得清晰的颈椎三维图像,使用软件测量功能可精确地获取预置螺钉的椎弓根解剖数据（椎弓根宽度和轴线长度）和置钉参数（置钉的α角、β角以及置钉α角安全范围）。结论通过CT三维重建技术获取椎弓根螺钉置入个体化三维数据,为术中实施颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入提供依据,是颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入安全性研究的一种可靠方法。