个性化的健康指导及技能训练对康复期精神分裂症患者的影响

目的 探讨健康指导及技能训练对康复期精神分裂症患者的影响.方法 对自愿入组的50例患者,每月进行1次健康指导及技能训练,共6次,每次1h.在入组时与入组6个月末分别采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)及患者服药依从性调查表进行评价和比较.结果 患者入组6个月后生活质量综合评定显著高于入组时(P＜0.05),尤其在躯体功能和社会功能方面,改善更为明显(P＜0.01);SDSS 6个月后评分显著低于入组时(P＜0.05);患者的服药依从性入组后6个月明显优于入组时(P＜0.01).结论 健康指导及技能训练可提高康复期精神分裂症患者的生活质量,进一步改善患者的社会功能,对提高患者的服药依从性,促进患者早日回归社会具有重要作用.     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术前术后生存质量的评估及影响因素分析

目的:对慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者行功能性鼻窦内镜手术术前术后生存质量进行评估,并分析相关的影响因素,以评价该手术的优越性和指导临床治疗。方法:引用并修改SNOT-20量表,制成慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉术前术后生存质量评估量表,均让患者自行填写,随访3个月,随访数据采用统计学方法加以分析。结果:术前术后整体生存质量得分及各维度得分均有明显提高,改善率为88.24%;术前患者感觉对生活影响最大的是:第一维度中鼻塞52.94%,第二维度中记忆力减退18.82%,第三维度中经常担心自己病情8.24%;第四维度中影响社交活动14.12%。术后改善最明显的是:第一维度中鼻塞58.82%,第二维度中记忆力减退10.59%,第三维度中烦躁易怒9.41%,第四维度中影响社交活动的10.59%;术前相关的影响因素是年龄、性别、并发症,术后为年龄、性别、并发症、前期手术史及围术期的处理,分型与生存质量无相关性。结论:功能性鼻窦内镜手术作为治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉最有效的临床方法之一,能够明显地改善患者的生存质量。影响生存质量的主要相关因素为:年龄、性别、并发症、前期手术史和围术期处理。     

喉部分切除术对患者吞咽相关生存质量的远期影响

目的 探讨各种喉部分切除术1年以后对患者吞咽相关生存质量的影响.方法 采用吞咽相关生存质量量表(Swallowing quality-of-life questionnaire,SWAL-QOL)香港中文版,对96例喉部分切除术后1年以上患者的生存质量进行调查.按照手术方式分为4组:环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌骨吻合术(supracricoid partial laryngectomy-cricohyoidopexy,SCPL-CHP,以下简称CHP)、环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌骨会厌吻合术(supracricoid partial laryngectomy-cricohyoidoepiglottopexy,SCPL-CHEP,以下简称CHEP)、声门上喉水平部分切除术、喉垂直部分切除术.结果 采用多元方差分析,可见喉癌术式对生存质量各维度的总体效应差异具有统计学意义(F=8.5,P＜0.01);除外疲倦和睡眠2个维度,另外9个维度差异均具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).Bonferroni法两两比较4种术式在这9个维度得分的差异:除了言语交流维度,喉垂直部分切除术组均是近满分表现,CHP、CHEP、喉水平部分切除术组在多个维度得分显著低于喉垂直部分切除术组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);CHP组在多个维度均为4组中的最低分,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);喉水平部分切除术和CHEP组在除外言语频率的其他维度中差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);误咽患者在社会功能等维度得分偏低.结论 喉癌术式对患者术后吞咽相关的长期生存质量有显著影响,CHP对吞咽相关生存质量影响最大,喉垂直部分切除术患者吞咽相关生存质量最好.长期误咽对患者的影响是多维的,可导致患者的社会功能退化.     

计算机图像处理技术对声门图像参数的检测及临床意义

目的：探讨计算机图像处理技术测量正常和病理状态下的声门图像参数及其临床意义,方法：用该技术测量６０例正常成人,６０例声带息肉和４０例单侧声带麻痹患者的声门图像参数,并进行统计分析,结果：正常人声门最小面积〉０,且女性的相对值大于男性,绝对值相近;声门最大面积的相对值两性相近,绝对值则是男性大于女性,声带息肉患者较正常人声门最小面积增大,声带麻痹患者声门最小面积增大,最大面积减小,结论：将该技术结合喉镜检查,可对喉部图像进行定量分析,淡声带息肉和声带麻痹患者的诊治提供更客观、更精确的依据。     

健康促进对产后抑郁症患者生活质量影响的研究

目的 探讨健康促进对产后抑郁症患者生活质量的影响.方法 将182例产后抑郁症患者随机分为实验组与对照组,每组各91例,实验组施行健康促进,对照组只实行常规护理,24 w后采用生活质量量表(SF-36QOL)测定其生活质量.结果 实验组生活质量非常显著高于对照组(P＜0.001).结论 健康促进提高了产后抑郁症患者的生活质量.     

健身气功六字诀对中老年人生存质量的影响

目的 观察健身气功六字诀对中老年人生存质量的影响.方法 采用随机数字表法将受试者随机分为六字诀习练组和对照组,应用WHOQOL-BREF量表中文版作6个月后的评定.结果 6个月后,习练组在生存质量主观感觉( 3.59±0.69)分、健康状况主观感觉(3.22±0.96)分、生理领域(89.19±13.68)分、心理领域(79.74±11.26)分,均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).习练组习练后在生存质量主观感觉、健康状况主观感觉、生理领域、心理领域得分均高于同组前期,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 六字诀可改善中老年人的生存质量.     

A change in treatment process with a modern record and verify system

Purpose: With the introduction of new treatment devices, such as a multileaf collimator (MLC) and dynamic wedge (DW), therapists have an increased responsibility to ensure correct treatment. Simultaneously, three-dimensional treatment planning (3DTP) has led to an increased number of portals and table movements. To counteract this challenge and maintain efficiency, a comprehensive record and verify (R&V) system is mandatory. We evaluated a commercial system (Varis) for reliability, ease of use, efficiency, and integration with our planning systems.

Methods and Materials: Some key elements of the Varis system are: integration of MLC and DW; auto setup for MLC, jaw, collimator, gantry, and limited table parameters; direct download of simulation beam data; and a regimented field scheduling system that prescribes all beam data for particular fractions. Evaluation of the system was driven by treatment time analysis, error rates, and an increased workload. These issues were governed by how we disseminated duties and how the system accommodated or changed our processes.

Results: Most data entry is performed by our dosimetry staff. Data can be downloaded from the simulator, but more patients now move from CT simulation and/or 3DTP to the treatment machine. Varis does not link to these systems. The physics staff confirms all entries to correct data entry errors. The workload for dosimetrists increased by an average of 8 minutes/patient entry; physics time increased by 7 minutes/patient entry; the weekly electronic chart check takes approximately 3 minutes/patient. Therapists who used Varis efficiently showed a slight decrease in treatment times, attributed to MLC integration and auto-setup. Some therapists experienced a decrease in efficiency, because of unfamiliarity and excess intervention. On a positive note, notable events have decreased by a factor of 10 since full initiation. Unfortunately, the remaining errors are often the result of a therapist relying on incorrect electronic information.

Conclusion: The Varis R&V system has had an impact on our clinic’s process and efficiency. Checking of all beam data and related field scheduling have helped reduce errors and misconceptions. We feel a dual-energy machine can be operated with two experienced therapists and an up-to-date R&V system more accurately and efficiently than with three therapists working without an integrated R&V. We anticipate future Varis releases will further promote efficiency and accuracy.     

Surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence using the tension-free vaginal tape-obturator system (TVT-O) technique

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the research was to provide a review of the efficacy of the TVT-O technique for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to assess surgical and postsurgical complications related to this technique. STUDY DESIGN: An initial assessment was carried out on 44 women who underwent TVT-O surgery between 16 September 2004 and 1 February 2005. The follow-ups after 3 and 12 months were attended by 37 and 35 patients, respectively. All 44 patients were included for the statistical estimation of intra- and postoperative complications, whereas improvement in the quality of life was assessed only in those patients who came for a follow-up visit. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, the participants were surveyed using the King questionnaire on the day preceding surgery and during a follow-up visit 3 and 12 months after surgery. The participants whose scores from the two questionnaires changed > or =90% were deemed to be cured. A considerable improvement in quality of life was recorded when the score was 89-75%. With scores of 74-50%, there was a reduction in SI symptoms. However, when the score was 50-0%, no improvement in quality of life was reported, and in participants with scores <0% the quality of life deteriorated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V. 10.0, with the Spearman correlation and Chi-squared tests. The results were considered statistically significant when P<0.05. RESULTS: After 12 months, total cure was achieved in 15 participants (42.8%), significant improvement was noted in 6 (17.1%), SUI symptoms abated in 4 (11.4%), no improvement was noted in 7 (20%), and quality of life deteriorated in 3 (8.7%). CONCLUSION: TVT-O surgery is an efficient and reasonably safe method of SUI treatment in women. The ease of use, short duration of surgery and hospitalisation, minor postsurgical discomfort and a small proportion of complications make this method acceptable to patients. With regard to the results of treatment, additional patients should be analysed for a longer period of time.     

济宁地区21-三体综合征患儿致家庭负担情况调查

目的 调查济宁地区21-三体综合征患儿致家庭经济负担及精神负担情况。方法 2013年1-8月对济宁市78例21-三体综合征患儿的170名陪护人（试验组）及同期济宁市年龄与患儿相仿的、近期无任何重大疾病的100例健康儿童的190名陪护人（对照组）进行问卷调查。采用生活满意度评定量表（LSR）及生活满意度指数A（LSIA）评定两组陪护人生活满意度,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）评定两组家庭负担情况。结果 试验组农村地区和城镇地区患儿治疗支出占家庭收入的68.56%、55.91%。试验组陪护人LSR、LSIA评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）|试验组农村地区陪护人LSIA评分低于城镇地区,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）|试验组陪护人SCL-90中躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑及精神病性5个因子评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）|试验组农村地区陪护人SCL-90中仅人际关系因子评分高于城镇地区,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 21-三体综合征患儿不仅会给家庭带来经济负担,更影响陪护人的生活质量及精神健康状况,应该引起足够的重视。