MR图像伪影的识别与消除

目的 探讨MR图像伪影形成的原因、表现形式及消除方法。方法 对100份有伪影干扰的MR图像进行回颐性分析、总结。结果 MR图像伪影产生的来源主要有4个方面：磁场，包括梯度场的不均匀性；外界射频干扰；采集技术的不恰当；运动和流动效应。结论 正确识别各种伪影的图像特征，对提高MR诊断准确率有着重要意义。     

How well do parents know their children? implications for proxy reporting of child health-related quality of life

OBJECTIVES: This study examined parental knowledge of their children's oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) (Objective 1), and the effects of different analytical techniques to manage 'Don't know' (DK) responses on the validity and reliability of the questionnaire (Objective 2) and the level of agreement between parental and child reports (Objective 3). METHODS: The parental (PPQ) and child (CPQ11-14) components of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire were used. Objectives 1 and 2 were addressed in the study that involved 221 parents and Objective 3 in the study that involved 63 pairs of parents and children. Four methods for treating DK responses in the PPQ were tested: listwise deletion, item mean imputation, imputation of the value zero and adjustment of scores to account for items with DK responses. RESULTS: Respectively, 26 and 11% of the parents gave > or = 3 and 6 > or = DK responses to 33 items comprising the PPQ. DK responses were associated with child's age and clinical condition, and parental gender. The methods of managing DK responses did not have differing effects on the measurement properties of the PPQ and the level of agreement between parents and children. CONCLUSION: Some parents have limited knowledge concerning their children's OHRQoL. However, given that parental and child reports are measuring different realities, information provided by parents is useful even if it is incomplete.     

Can we identify the poorest quality of life? Assessing the importance of quality of life using the WHOQOL-100

In this study, WHOQOL survey data obtained from 4802 sick and well participants in 15 countries were used to investigate the relationship between judgements about different dimensions of quality of life (QOL) (core scores) and the importance attributed to them. As a theoretical framework, we applied the WHOQOL Group's (1995) definition of QOL which indicates that those who report the very poorest QOL will be least likely to have met their own '...goals, expectations, standards and concerns'. Those with the poorest QOL would therefore be expected to show the biggest difference between core and importance scores, and therefore be distinguishable from respondents whose QOL was poor, better or best. The main effects from overall analyses confirmed that those reporting the largest negative differences tended to report the poorest QOL and also attached a high degree of importance to these dimensions. Evidence for a decreasing differential across the four groups (poorest to best) was confirmed for the majority (18) of facets. However facet level analyses comparing groups with different levels of QOL showed that only five facets distinguished those with the poorest QOL from those whose QOL was poor, so the theory is not well supported. Furthermore the contribution of core-importance facet differences reduced the overall prediction of QOL, when compared with a regression of core scores alone. Importance information about specific facets may have limited potential to be used alongside the main instrument to identify areas of the poorest QOL for clinical or social action.     

上海市产科质量管理的措施与效果

总结了近十年来上海市产科质量管理的工作情况，介绍了上海市产科质控的具体做法，包括：夯实产科质量管理的基础，打造健全的组织构架；重视产科质量管理的关键，进行过程结点的控制；关注产科质量的提升，进行结局信息的分析与反馈，并指导近远期行动计划的制订。同时介绍了由此取得的显著效果，包括：孕产妇死亡率的降低、接产机构准入标准的提高以及外来孕产妇分娩点建立后的初步成效。此外，对进一步改进孕产期保健、提高产科质量提出了建议。     

牛乳铁蛋白质量标准的研究

目的研究牛乳铁蛋白的质量标准。方法采用化学及高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行定性鉴别； 采用HPLC法对牛乳铁蛋白的含量进行测定。结果牛乳铁蛋白的浓度在25 ～ 1 000 μg·mL^-1与其峰面积成良好的线性关系 ，r＝0.999 9。结论该法操作简便，精密度好，结果准确可靠，可作为牛乳铁蛋白质量标准的重要指标。     

精乌口服液的质量标准研究

目的:完善精乌口服液的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法对精乌口服液中的制何首乌和黄精(制)进行定性鉴别,并采用高效液相色谱法对其中2,3,5,4’—四羟基二苯乙烯—2—O—β—D—葡萄糖苷含量进行测定。结果:精乌口服液中制何首乌和黄精(制)供试品薄层色谱中,在与对照品色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的斑点;2,3,5,4’—四羟基二苯乙烯—2—O—β—D—葡萄糖苷进样量在0·0562μg~0·6744μg范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好(r=0·9996),平均加样回收率为100·1%(RSD=1·89%)。结论:本方法回收率高、重现性好、简便、快速、准确,可用于本品的质量控制。     

轻身减肥片质量标准的研究

目的:建立轻身减肥片(黄芪、大黄、菌陈、丹参、山楂等)的质量标准.方法:对黄芪、大黄、菌陈、丹参、山楂等组分进行薄层色谱鉴别.采用高效液相色谱法对方中君药大黄中大黄素和大黄酚进行含量测定;结果:薄层图谱斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰.大黄素、大黄酚平均加样回收率分别为100.3%、100.5%,RSD分别为1.5%、1.6%.结论:方法准确,方法重复性好,可作为该制剂的质量控制指标.     

联合微信群对院外2型糖尿病患者实施同伴教育的效果评价

【摘要】 目的 分析联合微信群对院外2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者实施同伴教育的效果,并探讨新型的同伴教育模式对患者自我管理效能和生活质量的影响。方法 采用便利抽样的方法选取2016年1～6月在某三甲医院内分泌科门诊就诊的T2DM患者142例,按照随机数表法将对象分为对照组与试验组各71例。对照组行常规健康教育,试验组在常规健康教育基础上接受为期3个月的联合微信群同伴教育。采用糖尿病自我管理量表（DSMS）、糖尿病自我效能量表（DMSES）、中文版糖尿病生活质量特异性量表(CN ADDQOL）测量并分析患者干预前后自我管理、自我效能及生活质量情况。结果 最终试验组纳入66名,对照组纳入65名患者完成整个研究。两组一般情况、DSMS、DMSES以及CN ADDQOL三个量表干预前基线评估处于同一水平,差异无统计学意义（P＞005）。经过联合微信群的同伴教育进行为期3个月的干预后,试验组DSMS、DMSES以及CN ADDQOL三个量表总得分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜001）。结论 联合微信群对院外T2DM患者实施同伴教育可以增加患者管理疾病的信心,有效改善患者自我管理行为,从而提高患者生活质量。     

基于智慧药学服务的药品供应质量管理信息平台构建与应用

本院在文献研究和运用信息技术挖掘现有药品质量数据基础上,提出基于智慧药学服务的药品质量管理策略并搭建质量管理信息平台。该平台运用数字可视化技术实现了药品供应质量全程、实时监管,有助于提高药品供应质量监管的准确性、真实性、实时性,为进一步探索信息化药品供应质量评价体系的建立奠定基础。