冠心病不同临床类型患者血浆、血小板脂质过氧化损伤与TXA_2/PGI_2平衡的研究

作者观察98例正常人和109例不同临床类型冠心病人血浆、血小板LPO、SOD,SeGSHP_x,RBC—SOD及血浆TXB_2、6-keto-PGF_(1α)的变化,发现各型冠心病组均有LPO、PL—LPO、TxB_2、TxB_2/6-keto-PGF_(1α)比值明显升高,6-keto-PGF_(1α),SOD、PLSOD、RBC-SOD,SOD/LPO及SeGSHPX/LPO比值明显降低。但各型程度不同,以急性心肌梗塞和不稳定性心绞痛改变突出。血浆LPO与6-keto-PGF_(1α)呈显著负相关。提示脂质过氧化损伤与TXA_2/PGI_2平衡密切相关。认为SOD/LPO、SeGSHPx/LPO,TXB_2/6-keto-PGF_(1α)比值在冠心病诊断中是重要有意义的指标,血小板SOD/LPO比值能更敏感地反映冠心病人氧化与抗氧化能力的平衡状态。     

提高H2O2/甲酸体系选择性氧化抽提脱硫效率的研究

为了降低焦化蜡油(CGO)-甲酸／H2O2选择性氧化体系中H2O2的无效分解速度，屏蔽重金属离子对H2O2分解的催化效应，考察了造纸行业中常用的硅酸钠、硅酸镁和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)等稳定剂和螯合剂的加入对有机溶剂抽提后CGO中含硫量的影响。实验结果表明，EDTA可以很好地和重金属离子螯合，氧化后CGO抽余油中硫含量大幅降低。     

超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物与溃疡病发病关系

目的：观察超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）在消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）治疗前后变化，以探索其对ＰＵ发病和愈合作用。方法：用ＳＵＮ法和于树玉法分别测定ＰＵ患者血及组织中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ）活性和ＬＰＯ含量。结果：１８０例十二指肠溃疡（ＤＵ）和４２例胃溃疡（ＧＵ）患者粘膜和红细胞中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性比正常组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。１３６例ＤＵ组织及血中和１５例ＧＵ组织中ＬＰＯ含量比正常组显著升高（Ｐ＜００１～０．００１）。用呋喃唑酮、雷尼替丁和洛赛克分别治疗５０、２０和２４例ＤＵ患者两周后组织中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性比治疗前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。组织中ＬＰＯ含量比治疗前明显降低（Ｐ＜０００５～０．００１）。组织和红细胞中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性从活动期→愈合期→瘢痕期逐渐升高，而ＬＰＯ含量则逐渐降低。结论：粘膜组织中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性和ＬＰＯ含量升降与消化性溃疡的愈合和发病密切相关。     

振动对急性缺氧小鼠肺损伤的影响

本文观察了频率为20Hz、振幅为0．67mm和作用时间为40min的振动预处理对急性缺氧小鼠肺损伤的影响。结果发现实验组的肺组织匀浆脂质过氧化物LghdPeroxde（LPO）、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中蛋白含量和白细胞数明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。这表明在特定率数的振动作用下能明显减轻急性缺氧小鼠肺的损伤。     

硒对二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌生长的抑制作用的观察

观察硒对二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌的影响。方法；在诱癌过程中，大鼠分别投予含０．２，１．０，３．０×１０＾－６硒的饲料，检测血，肝组织ＬＰＯ，ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性，观察诱癌率及癌结节面积。结果：补Ｓｅ后对诱癌率无显著影响，但补充３．０×１－０＾－６Ｓｅ可使癌结节面积显著减少。补Ｓｅ可显著地减轻诱癌早期血和肝组织中ＬＰＯ的形成及诱癌过程中血和肝组织中ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性的降低。     

In vivo and in vitro models demonstrate a role for caveolin-1 in the pathogenesis of ischaemic acute renal failure

Caveolae and their proteins, the caveolins, transport macromolecules; compartmentalize signalling molecules; and are involved in various repair processes. There is little information regarding their role in the pathogenesis of significant renal syndromes such as acute renal failure (ARF). In this study, an in vivo rat model of 30 min bilateral renal ischaemia followed by reperfusion times from 4 h to 1 week was used to map the temporal and spatial association between caveolin-1 and tubular epithelial damage (desquamation, apoptosis, necrosis). An in vitro model of ischaemic ARF was also studied, where cultured renal tubular epithelial cells or arterial endothelial cells were subjected to injury initiators modelled on ischaemia-reperfusion (hypoxia, serum deprivation, free radical damage or hypoxia-hyperoxia). Expression of caveolin proteins was investigated using immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, and immunoblots of whole cell, membrane or cytosol protein extracts. In vivo, healthy kidney had abundant caveolin-1 in vascular endothelial cells and also some expression in membrane surfaces of distal tubular epithelium. In the kidneys of ARF animals, punctate cytoplasmic localization of caveolin-1 was identified, with high intensity expression in injured proximal tubules that were losing basement membrane adhesion or were apoptotic, 24 h to 4 days after ischaemia-reperfusion. Western immunoblots indicated a marked increase in caveolin-1 expression in the cortex where some proximal tubular injury was located. In vitro, the main treatment-induced change in both cell types was translocation of caveolin-1 from the original plasma membrane site into membrane-associated sites in the cytoplasm. Overall, expression levels did not alter for whole cell extracts and the protein remained membrane-bound, as indicated by cell fractionation analyses. Caveolin-1 was also found to localize intensely within apoptotic cells. The results are indicative of a role for caveolin-1 in ARF-induced renal injury. Whether it functions for cell repair or death remains to be elucidated.     

Protective role of superoxide dismutase in human sperm motility: superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxide in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa.

The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a highly specific scavenging enzyme for superoxide anion radicals (O2-), and lipid peroxide produced by oxygen free radicals were measured in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Seminal plasma contained 366.8 +/- 20.9 U/ml (mean +/- SE) of SOD activity. SOD activity in human spermatozoa showed a significant correlation to the number of motile spermatozoa, while the activity in seminal plasma did not relate to the sperm concentration or motility. The lipid peroxide concentration in seminal plasma was 6.22 +/- 0.46 nmol/ml and had no significant relationship to sperm concentration or motility. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in spermatozoa was significantly related to the number of immotile spermatozoa. A decrease in the motility of spermatozoa incubated in medium without seminal plasma was observed after 120 min, while the MDA concentration of the spermatozoa increased. Addition of exogenous SOD (400 U/ml) to the sperm suspension significantly decreased this loss of motility and the increase of the MDA concentration. These data suggest a significant role for SOD in sperm motility. It seems that lipid peroxidation of human spermatozoa may cause loss of motility and that SOD may inhibit this lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that SOD may have a possible clinical application in the use of spermatozoa for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or artificial insemination.     

氨基胍对去卵巢大鼠主动脉晚期糖化终末产物及血脂的影响

将 6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组 (sham)、去卵巢组 (OVX)和去卵巢 +氨基胍组 (OVX +AG)。去除双侧卵巢 2周后用氨基胍治疗 13周。禁食 2 4h ,放血处死动物 ,取血和主动脉 ,分别测定主动脉AGEs、血脂和血清过氧化物含量。结果表明 ,与假手术组比较 ,去卵巢组主动脉AGEs、甘油三脂 (TG)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)、丙二醛 (MDA)均明显升高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ (apo AⅠ )和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性均显著降低 (均P <0 0 1)。氨基胍组与病理组比较 ,主动脉AGEs、血清TG、MDA和OX LDL均明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5、P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;HDL C、apo AⅠ和SOD活性均显著升高 (均P <0 0 1)。提示氨基胍通过降低去卵巢大鼠主动脉AGEs含量 ,降低大鼠血清OX LDL和TG水平 ,升高HDL C、apo AⅠ水平和SOD活性 ,发挥其对心血管的保护作用     

H_2O_2和NO对滑膜成纤维细胞增殖反应的影响

采用~3H-TdR掺入法和MTT比色法研究过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和一氧化氮(NO)对兔滑膜成纤维细胞(SF)增殖反应的影响。结果表明,在使用亚适SF浓度(5×10~7细胞/L)时,~3H-TdR掺入法和MTT比色法检测结果一致。H_2O_22和亚硝基铁氰化钠(NO供体)在低浓度时促进SF增殖反应,而在高浓度时抑制其增殖反应,提示H_2O_2和NO对SF增殖反应具有双向调节作用。     

Rapid microassays of phagocytosis, bacterial killing, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by human neutrophils in vitro

Simple, rapid microassays for simultaneous measurement of phagocytosis, bacterial killing, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by human neutrophils in vitro are described. All assays employ 96-well flat bottom tissue culture plates which were incubated on a microtitre plate shaker at 37 degrees C. The separate evaluation of ingestion and intracellular killing of E. coli and S. aureus was based on the incorporation of [3H]uridine into viable extracellular bacteria. There was good correlation between plate counts of viable bacteria and amount of radiolabel incorporation. Phagocytosis and killing can be measured in a maximum of 100 microliter reaction mixture, requiring only 2.5 X 10(5) neutrophils per test and the assay is complete within 60 min. Assay of superoxide production by stimulated neutrophils was based on superoxide-dependent reduction of ferricytochrome c as measured spectrophotometrically at 550 nm in wells of tissue culture plates containing 150 microliter of reaction mixture. The assay requires only 1.25 X 10(5) neutrophils per test and is complete within 50 min. Quantitation of hydrogen peroxide was based on horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red. The technique is as for superoxide detection except that the reaction must be terminated by the addition of 1 M NaOH at the desired time intervals. None of the assays require sampling during the incubation period. The principal advantages of the described techniques are increased simplicity and speed, requirement of low numbers of neutrophils and applicability to analysis of large number of samples in parallel.