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21.
Carlos K.H. Wong Colman S.C. Fung S.C. Siu Yvonne Y.C. Lo K.W. Wong Daniel Y.T. Fong Cindy L.K. Lam 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2013
Aim
To determine the efficacy of delivering short-message service (SMS) to provide diabetes-related information in reducing the risk of developing diabetes in Chinese professional drivers with pre-diabetes.Methods
A pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in Hong Kong between 05/2009 and 04/2012. Professional drivers with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomly allocated to either a SMS group receiving messages comprising knowledge and lifestyle modification on diabetes or to a control group with usual care. Primary outcomes were the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus over 12 and 24 months period.Results
Fifty-four, out of 104 professional drivers recruited, were randomly allocated to intervention group. Fewer subjects developed diabetes at 12 months in intervention group (5.56%) compared to control group (16.00%). Relative risk (RR) of diabetes onset was 0.35 (95%CI: 0.10–1.24) and the number needed to treat (NNT) for preventing one diabetes was 9.57. At 24 months, RR increased to 0.62 (95%CI: 0.24–1.61) with a NNT of 10.58. Logistic regression showed a significant odds ratio of 0.04 (P = 0.021) for intervention group compared to control group at 12-month follow-up for completers and a non-significant odds ratio of 0.34 (P = 0.303) at 24-month follow-up.Conclusions
The SMS program proved to have potential to reduce the risk of developing diabetes at 12 months but additional measures should be integrated to prevent or delay disease progression. 相似文献22.
Objective
To describe the extent of problem of diabetes in rural India based on review of available literature and examine the secular trends over a period of 15 years i.e. from 1994 to 2009.Methods
A systematic search was performed using electronic as well as manual methods. Studies providing details of sample size, age group of participants, criteria used for diagnosis, along with the prevalence of any of the three outcomes of interest i.e. diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), were included.Results
Analysis of secular trends reveals an increase in diabetes prevalence among rural population at a rate of 2.02 per 1000 population per year. The rate of increase was high in males (3.33 per 1000 per year) as compared to females (0.88 per 1000 per year). High prevalence of IFG and IGT has been observed in southern and northern parts of the country.Conclusion
The prevalence of diabetes is rising in rural India. There is a large pool of subjects with IFG and IGT at high risk of conversion to overt diabetes. Population-level and individual-level measures are needed to combat this increasing burden of diabetes. 相似文献23.
Wilson PW D'Agostino RB Fox CS Sullivan LM Meigs JB 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2011,92(1):124-127
Aims
Detection of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults with dysglycemia.Methods
We used a nested case-cohort prospective design to estimate risk of new diabetes (diabetes treatment or FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L) among 1004 Framingham Heart Study Offspring with baseline dysglycemia [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.4-6.9 mmol/L and/or 2-h post glucose load level 7.8-11.0 mmol/L]. Using clinical characteristics previously shown to predict incident T2DM, we used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR), p-values for predictors, and assessment of model discrimination.Results
At the end of 7 years follow-up there were 118 incident T2DM cases. In a model that included age, sex, elevated blood pressure or blood pressure treatment, lipid-lowering treatment and elevated triglycerides, we found the following additional characteristics to be independently associated with new T2DM: parental history of diabetes (OR 2.28, p = 0.004); excess adiposity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or waist circumference ≥101.6 cm) (OR 2.04, p = 0.0005), and low HDL-C [<1.0 (men) or <1.3 mmol/L (women)] (OR 2.77, p < 0.0001). The multivariable C-statistic for this model was 0.701, and with glycemic category information included, c = 0.751.Conclusions
The key non-glycemic traits that predicted later T2DM in adults with dysglycemia were parental history of diabetes, excess adiposity and low HDL-C. 相似文献24.
Cerasa A Pugliese P Messina D Morelli M Gioia MC Salsone M Novellino F Nicoletti G Arabia G Quattrone A 《Movement disorders》2012,27(3):364-371
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia represents disabling complication of long-term therapy with dopaminergic drugs in treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, our group demonstrated that PD patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia were characterized by abnormal volumetric changes in the inferior prefrontal gyrus. In this study, the functional relevance of this structural abnormality was explored using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ten dyskinetic PD patients and 10 nondyskinetic PD patients were studied in the OFF phase with functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing externally and internally triggered visuomotor tasks. Although neither group demonstrated behavioral differences during execution of motor tasks, magnetic resonance imaging analysis detected significant changes in target cortical regions. In particular, PD patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia showed significant overactivity in the supplementary motor area and underactivity in the right inferior prefrontal gyrus during execution of both tasks when compared with PD patients without levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Moreover, these prefrontal functional alterations were significantly correlated with Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study together with our previous volumetric findings highlights the role of the prefrontal cortex in the neuronal mechanisms of dyskinesia. 相似文献
25.
血糖调节受损(IGR)包括空腹血糖受损(IFG)与糖耐量受损(IGT)。过去一般很少谈到对其干预治疗。近几年研究表明,对血糖调节受损(IGR)积极干预治疗,有些阻止或延缓发展成糖尿病,否则,大多数有可能发展成糖尿病。所以对其积极干预治疗非常必要。血糖调节受损已视为糖尿病前期,治疗原则与方法可参照糖尿病,其内容繁多,本文仅作简介。 相似文献
26.
Inhibition in the face of emotion: Characterization of the spatial‐temporal dynamics that facilitate automatic emotion regulation
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Margot J. Taylor Amanda Robertson Anne E. Keller Julie Sato Charline Urbain Elizabeth W. Pang 《Human brain mapping》2018,39(7):2907-2916
Emotion regulation mediates socio‐cognitive functions and is essential for interactions with others. The capacity to automatically inhibit responses to emotional stimuli is an important aspect of emotion regulation; the underlying neural mechanisms of this ability have been rarely investigated. Forty adults completed a Go/No‐go task during magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings, where they responded rapidly to either a blue or purple frame which contained angry or happy faces. Subjects responded to the target color in an inhibition (75% Go trials) and a vigilance condition (25% Go trials). As expected, inhibition processes showed early, sustained activation (200–450 ms) in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Emotion‐related inhibition processes showed greater activity with angry faces bilaterally in the orbital‐frontal gyri (OFG) starting at 225 ms and temporal poles from 250 ms, with right hemisphere dominance. The presence of happy faces elicited earlier activity in the right OFG. This study demonstrates that the timing of inhibition processes varies with the emotional context and that there is much greater activation in the presence of angry faces. It underscores the importance of the right IFG for inhibition processes, but the OFG in automatic emotion regulation. 相似文献
27.
Chunming Lu Ning Ning Taomei Guo Yanhui Yang Chunlan Lin 《Experimental neurology》2010,221(1):146-156
Using an fMRI-based classification approach and the structural equation modeling (SEM) method, this study examined the neural bases of atypical planning and execution processes involved in stuttering. Twelve stuttering speakers and 12 controls were asked to name pictures under different conditions (single-syllable, multi-syllable, or repeated-syllable) in the scanner. The contrasts between conditions provided information about planning and execution processes. The classification analysis showed that, as compared to non-stuttering controls, stuttering speakers’ atypical planning of speech was evident in their neural activities in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right putamen and their atypical execution of speech was evident in their activations in the right cerebellum and insula, left premotor area (PMA), and angular gyrus (AG). SEM results further revealed two parallel neural circuits—the basal ganglia-IFG/PMA circuit and the cerebellum-PMA circuit—that were involved in atypical planning and execution processes of stuttering, respectively. The AG appeared to be involved in the interface of atypical planning and execution in stuttering. These results are discussed in terms of their implications to the theories about stuttering and to clinical applications. 相似文献
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