Association between fasting serum glucose levels and incidence of colorectal cancer in Korean men: The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II

Introduction

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is steadily increasing worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diabetes mellitus is related to an increased risk of CRC; however, the association between impaired fasting glucose and CRC is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation between fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels and the incidence of CRC, which can be used to develop novel methods for preventing CRC.

Methods

A total of 175,677 individuals from the Korean Metabolic Syndrome Research Initiative study were enrolled between 2004 and 2011. The incidence of CRC was assessed during a mean follow-up of 4.7 years. Hazard ratios (HR) for CRC according to FSG levels were calculated with the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise.

Results

The risk of developing CRC in subjects with high FSG was significant (HR, 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.90), and the risk was higher in men (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.12–2.05). The HR of rectal cancer, but not colon cancer, was significantly higher both in the total population and in men in the high FSG group.

Conclusions

The incidence of CRC positively correlated with FSG levels in men. Rectal cancer incidence was especially correlated with high FSG in the site-specific analysis. Therefore, serum glucose levels maybe a potential marker of colorectal cancer. Early detection and intervention for controlling elevated glucose levels may be indicated as a way to prevent carcinogenesis.     

Blood lipid levels in relation to glucose status in seven populations of Asian origin without a prior history of diabetes: the DECODA study

Background

Dyslipidaemia commonly coexists with diabetes. We investigated the association of lipid profiles with glucose levels in populations of Asian origin without a prior history of diabetes.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data of 10 374 men and 12 552 women aged 30–74 years from 14 cohorts, representing seven populations of Asian origin were jointly analysed. Multivariable adjusted linear regression analyses with standardized regression coefficients (β) were performed to estimate relationships between lipids and plasma glucose.

Results

Within each glucose category, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were correlated with increasing levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), TC to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and non‐HDL cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) (p < 0.05 in most of the ethnic groups) and inversely associated with HDL‐C (p < 0.05 in some, but not all, of the populations). The association of lipids with 2‐h plasma glucose (2hPG) followed a similar pattern as that for the FPG, except that an inverse relationship between HDL‐C and glucose was more commonly observed for 2hPG than for FPG among different ethnic groups.

Conclusions

Hyperglycaemia is associated with adverse lipid profiles in Asians without a prior history of diabetes. The 2hPG appears to be more closely associated with lipid profiles than does FPG. When assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease, the association of the dyslipidaemia with intermediate hyperglycaemia needs to be considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空腹血糖受损与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

目的分析空腹血糖受损与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的关系。方法选择2006年2月至2007年12月我院392例可疑冠心病住院患者,采集临床资料,由心内科心导管专业医师操作,行冠脉造影,按Gensini评分系统,对冠状动脉进行定性和定量评价。按不同空腹血糖（FPG）分组：1组FPG〈5．6mmol／L。2组5．6FPG〈6．1mmol／L,3组6．1≤FPG〈7．0mmol／L,4组FPG≥7．0mmol／L,进行组间冠心病危险因素和冠脉粥样硬化程度对比;按是否患冠心病分组,比较冠心病组与非冠心病组的基本特征。结果从1组到4组,随着FPG逐渐升高,年龄、BMI、冠脉积分、高血压、冠心病患病率及长病变、三支病变发生率逐渐升高,P均〈0．05;1组高血压患病率、BMI、年龄分别与其他组相比,P均〈0．05;1组冠心病发病率、长病变发生率、三支病变发生率、冠脉积分分别与其他组相比,P均〈0．05;非冠心病组的FPG为（5．59±0．99）mmol／L。结论将FPG控制在56mmol／L以下,患冠心病概率小。     

Inverse association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and type 2 diabetes mellitus among a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population

Background and aims

Plasma homocysteine concentrations have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with controversial findings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and T2DM.

Plasma interleukin-6 levels are increased in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance but not in those with impaired fasting glucose in a cohort of Italian Caucasians

BACKGROUND: While the relationship between impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) is well established, there is no information whether IL-6 levels are elevated in impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS: To this end, we examined the relationship between plasma IL-6 concentration and different degrees of glucose homeostasis in a cohort of 470 Italian Caucasian subjects comprising 236 normal glucose tolerant (NGT), 49 IFG, 51 IGT, and 134 type 2 diabetic subjects. RESULTS: We observed that IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen levels were higher in subjects with IGT or type 2 diabetes as compared with NGT and IFG subjects. Univariate correlations between IL-6 concentrations and metabolic variables in the whole cohort showed that IL-6 levels were positively correlated with age, BMI, waist, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, CRP, fibrinogen, and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity, IGF-I and HDL. In a subgroup analysis including NGT, IFG and IGT (n = 336), IL-6 levels were positively correlated with age, BMI, waist, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, CRP, fibrinogen, fasting insulin, 2 h post-load glucose, and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity, IGF-I and HDL. Stepwise linear regression analysis in a model including gender, age, BMI, waist, glucose tolerance status, fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post-load glucose, triglycerides, HDL, fasting insulin, and insulin sensitivity revealed that waist was the only independent variable associated with IL-6 levels accounting for 21.0% of its variation (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that IGT and type 2 diabetes, but not IFG, are associated with elevated plasma IL-6 levels.     

A systematic review of mirror neuron system function in developmental coordination disorder: Imitation,motor imagery,and neuroimaging evidence

PURPOSEThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the evidence of abnormal functioning of the mirror neuron system (MNS) in children and adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), through examination of imitation, motor imagery, and neuroimaging literature.METHODSThe following databases were comprehensively searched for relevant articles: CINAHL Plus, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Pubmed, and Web of Science. Full-text articles of all potentially relevant citations were obtained and assessed for eligibility by two authors. Outcome measures of interest at a motor behaviour level were any measures of imitation or motor imagery proficiency and, at a neurological level, were any measures of neural activity in MNS brain regions. Due to differences in outcome measures between studies and the variables reported, a narrative review was undertaken to synthesise findings from the studies.RESULTSOverall, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. Children and adults with DCD display deficits imitating meaningful and novel gestures and demonstrate different response patterns to controls when undertaking complex motor imagery tasks. Children with DCD present reduced activation and connectivity of frontal, parietal, and temporal MNS regions.CONCLUSIONSPreliminary evidence indicates some deficit in the functioning of the MNS at a motor behaviour and neurological level. As no published neuroimaging studies have been designed specifically to explore MNS function, these results must be interpreted with caution. Further research to explore the MNS hypothesis in greater detail, particularly from a neuroimaging perspective, has the potential to provide information on the underlying mechanisms of DCD, inform future research into the aetiology of this disorder, and inform intervention approaches.     

Language and cortical function: conceptual developments

Mastery of a language is a capacity that distinguishes humans from other animals. Attempts to identify the brain functions that are necessary for the possession of linguistic skills began in the 19th century with the research of Broca and Wernicke. We trace the principal experimental developments since then, ranging from psychological studies of aphasic patients to non-invasive brain-imaging investigations. The development of theories concerning word recognition, reading aloud, fluent speech and understanding utterances are described. Possible brain regions involved in these abilities, identified by means of non-invasive imaging, are considered. We examine the various claims made by these researchers as to what their experiments show and in particular examine the validity of their theories. This conceptual analysis shows that in many cases the interpretation of experiments is confused and that the theories elaborated are not tenable. We seek to clarify what can be substantiated concerning the workings of the brain and the exercise of linguistic skills.     

Selective action of the iminosugar isofagomine, a pharmacological chaperone for mutant forms of acid-beta-glucosidase

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal glycolipid storage disorder characterized by defects in acid-beta-glucosidase (GlcCerase), the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of glucosylceramide. We recently demonstrated that isofagomine (IFG), an iminosugar that binds to the active site of GlcCerase, enhances the folding, transport and activity of the N370S mutant form of GlcCerase. In this study we compared the effects of IFG on a number of other glucosidases and glucosyltransferases. We report that IFG has little or no inhibitory activity towards intestinal disaccharidase enzymes, ER alpha-glucosidase II or glucosylceramide synthase at concentrations previously shown to enhance N370S GlcCerase folding and trafficking in Gaucher fibroblasts. Furthermore, treatment of wild type fibroblasts with high doses of IFG did not alter the processing of newly synthesized N-linked oligosaccharides. These findings support further evaluation of IFG as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of some forms of Gaucher disease.     

非药物干预对空腹血糖受损患者延缓糖尿病进程的影响

目的 观察非药物干预对空腹血糖受损(IFG)患者延缓糖尿病进程的影响.方法 选取门诊初次检测确诊为空腹血糖受损患者198例,随机分为2组,治疗组101例给予非药物干预治疗,如生活方式的干预,定期组织健康教育讲座,全方位指导患者饮食摄入、运动方案等;对照组97例只做体检后常规健康建议.2组每3个月行常规体检,并进行3年的跟踪随访,对比2组干预前后体质量指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FBG)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)变化,及2组干预1、2、3年糖尿病发生情况.结果 治疗组干预后BMI、FBG、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C均较治疗前显著改善(P＜0.05),且BMI、FBG、TG、TC、LDL-C较对照组显著下降(P＜0.05),HDL-C较对照组显著升高(P＜0.05);治疗组干预后1、2、3年的糖尿病发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 非药物干预治疗方案可有效提高空腹血糖受损患者血糖转归正常的概率,提高患者健康意识及水平,阻止或延缓其向DM发展.     

二甲双胍联用阿卡波糖对空腹血糖受损人群干预治疗的观察

目的研究在饮食加运动的基础上应用二甲双胍与阿卡波糖对空腹血糖受损（IFG）人群糖尿病干预治疗的效果。方法对IFG患者按年龄、性别、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、体重指数（BMI）等均衡原则（P〉0．05）随机分为对照组及实验组,对照组在饮食加运动基础上给予口服安慰剂治疗,实验组在饮食加运动基础上予口服二甲双胍肠溶片和阿卡波糖胶囊治疗,随访12个月,对比两组的干预治疗效果。结果对照组和实验组的各项指标均较治疗前有所下降,但实验组各项指标下降更明显;实验组在治疗前后FPG、FINS、2hPG、2hINS、HbAlc差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对IFG患者,在饮食加运动基础上予二甲双胍和阿卡波糖干预治疗,能更有效的控制血糖水平,预防和延缓2型糖尿病的发生。