腹泻型肠易激综合征患者食物不耐受、症状指数及回盲部肥大细胞变化的相关性

目的:比较食物不耐受(food intolerance,FI)在腹泻型肠易激综合征患者(diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome,D-IBS)及健康人群中的存在情况,分析D-IBS患者食物不耐受严重程度、症状指数与回盲部肥大细胞数量变化之间的关系,以探讨食物不耐受在D-IBS发病中的意义及可能机制.方法:选取符合罗马Ⅲ诊断标准的D-IBS患者22例为病例组,无消化系症状的健康体检者21例为对照组,分别接受结肠镜检查.应用食物不耐受状况评价问卷对2组进行食物不耐受状况评分;用功能性肠病症状严重指数(functional bowel disorder severity index,FBDSI)和IBS病情尺度调查表(IBS symptomseverity scale,IBS-SSS)对病例组进行IBS症状严重程度评分.所有研究对象均接受结肠镜检查,在距回盲瓣4cm处取活检组织2块,采用甲苯胺蓝染色法计数黏膜肥大细胞数量,并与食物不耐受严重程度指数、IBS症状严重程度评分进行相关性分析.结果:D-IBS患者回盲部肠黏膜肥大细胞计数(4.68±0.55)个/高倍镜视野,健康对照组为(1.33±0.54)个/高倍镜视野,P<0.001,差异具有统计学意义;病例组食物不耐受存在情况明显高于对照组(P<0.05);食物不耐受严重程度与IBS症状严重程度指数间呈正相关(FBDSI:r=0.992,P<0.001;IBS-SSS:r=0.970,P<0.001);回盲部肥大细胞计数与I B S症状严重程度指数间呈正相关(FBDSI:r=0.957,P<0.001;IBS-SSS:r=0.985,P<0.001);食物不耐受严重程度与IBS患者回盲部肥大细胞计数间呈正相关(r=0.964,P<0.001),健康对照组中食物不耐受者回盲部肥大细胞计数明显高于无食物不耐受者(P<0.05).结论:D-IBS临床症状与肠道肥大细胞数量增多密切相关,食物抗原的刺激作用可能是D-IBS患者回盲部肥大细胞数目增多的原因之一;D-IBS患者食物不耐受存在情况普遍,食物不耐受可加重D-IBS患者肠道症状.     

肠康方对肠易激综合征内脏高敏感模型大鼠的作用

[目的]探讨肠康方对肠易激综合征(IBS)内脏高敏感模型大鼠的作用.[方法]制备肠易激综合征内脏高敏感模型,将72只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为6组,即模型组,空白对照组,阳性药物对照组,肠康方高、中、低剂量组.在造模第60天开始灌胃给药或0.9％氯化钠溶液共10d,干预后通过腹肌回缩反射(AWR)半定量评分测定大鼠内脏敏感性.[结果]不同压力下模型组AWR评分显著高于空白对照组,肠康方高、中、低剂量组治疗后AWR评分均显著低于模型组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).[结论]肠康方可通过改善内脏高敏感治疗IBS.     

The cost-effectiveness of trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccination in communities in South Africa,Vietnam and Australia

BackgroundTo inform national healthcare authorities whether quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) provide better value for money than trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs), we assessed the cost-effectiveness of TIV and QIV in low-and-middle income communities based in South Africa and Vietnam and contrasted these findings with those from a high-income community in Australia.MethodsIndividual based dynamic simulation models were interfaced with a health economic analysis model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating 15% of the population with QIV or TIV in each community over the period 2003–2013. Vaccination was prioritized for HIV-infected individuals, before elderly aged 65+ years and young children. Country or region-specific data on influenza-strain circulation, clinical outcomes and costs were obtained from published sources. The societal perspective was used and outcomes were expressed in International$ (I$) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.ResultsWhen compared with TIV, we found that QIV would provide a greater reduction in influenza-related morbidity in communities in South Africa and Vietnam as compared with Australia. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of QIV versus TIV was estimated at I$4183/QALY in South Africa, I$1505/QALY in Vietnam and I$80,966/QALY in Australia.ConclusionsThe cost-effectiveness of QIV varied between communities due to differences in influenza epidemiology, comorbidities, and unit costs. Whether TIV or QIV is the most cost-effective alternative heavily depends on influenza B burden among subpopulations targeted for vaccination in addition to country-specific willingness-to-pay thresholds and budgetary impact.     

Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: what are the causes and implications?

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Comorbid or extraintestinal symptoms occur frequently with irritable bowel syndrome and account for up to three fourths of excess health care visits. This challenges the assumption that irritable bowel is a distinct disorder. The aims of this study were to (1) assess comorbidity in 3 areas: gastrointestinal disorders, psychiatric disorders, and nongastrointestinal somatic disorders; and (2) evaluate explanatory hypotheses. METHODS: The scientific literature since 1966 in all languages cited in Medline was systematically reviewed. RESULTS: Comorbidity with other functional gastrointestinal disorders is high and may be caused by shared pathophysiological mechanisms such as visceral hypersensitivity. Psychiatric disorders, especially major depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders, occur in up to 94%. The nongastrointestinal nonpsychiatric disorders with the best-documented association are fibromyalgia (median of 49% have IBS), chronic fatigue syndrome (51%), temporomandibular joint disorder (64%), and chronic pelvic pain (50%). CONCLUSIONS: Multivariate statistical analyses suggest that these are distinct disorders and not manifestations of a common somatization disorder, but their strong comorbidity suggests a common feature important to their expression, which is most likely psychological. Some models explain the comorbidity of irritable bowel with other disorders by suggesting that each disorder is the manifestation of varying combinations of interacting physiological and psychological factors. An alternative hypothesis is that the irritable bowel diagnosis is applied to a heterogeneous group of patients, some of whom have a predominantly psychological etiology, whereas others have a predominantly biological etiology, and that the presence of multiple comorbid disorders is a marker for psychological influences on etiology.     

Irritable Bowel Syndrome subtypes: constipation,diarrhea…and mixed bowel pattern: Tertium datur

The study by Su et al. published in this issue of NGM provides helpful insight into a relatively large, yet understudied, subgroup of IBS known as IBS with mixed bowel pattern (IBS‐M). These investigators found among their 289 IBS subjects who underwent detailed assessment the IBS‐M subtype to be particularly common. Interestingly, prior use of laxatives or antidiarrheal agents was found to potentially explain the mixed bowel pattern in approximately 30% of patients. These IBS‐M patients tended to report more severe IBS symptoms. IBS‐M patients had bowel symptoms more similar to IBS‐D than IBS‐C, particularly with regard to the rectal urgency. Hopefully many more studies will be forthcoming to further our understanding of IBS‐M.     

Efficacy of FODMAP Elimination and Subsequent Blinded Placebo-Controlled Provocations in a Randomised Controlled Study in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission and Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Feasibility Study

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be intolerant to fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs). The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of eliminating and subsequently reintroducing FODMAPs in patients with IBS symptoms as part of the IBD manifestation and to compare the severity of IBS symptoms and pain, bloating and quality of life (QoL). Methods: An eight-week randomised open-label FODMAP elimination with double-blinded, crossover provocations of FODMAP and placebo. Diet patients were on a low-FODMAP diet for eight weeks with blinded two-week provocations after two and six weeks. Questionnaires, blood and stool samples were collected. Results: Patient enrolment was challenging. Nineteen participants were included in the study. Eliminating low FODMAP for two weeks resulted in significant decreases in pain and bloating scores (p < 0.003), whereas there were no statistical differences in pain scores between diet patients and controls. Pain and bloating scores increased, returning to baseline levels after two weeks of double-blinded provocations with placebo, (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results document the possibility of performing a randomised controlled study following the gold standard for testing food intolerance with blinding of the Low FODMAP diet. Recruitment of participants was challenging.     

整肠宁治疗肠易激综合征86例临床研究

目的 :观察整肠宁治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效。方法 :应用整肠宁治疗肠易激综合征 86例 ,并与 5 2例应用补脾益肠丸治疗者作对照。结果 :总有效率分别为 94.16 %、73.0 8% ,对腹泻、腹痛、腹胀、肠鸣、纳呆、乏力、失眠等症状的有效率分别为 93.0 2 %、73.0 8% ;89.88%、74.47% ;92 .86 %、6 5 .85 % ;92 .31%、 72 .2 7% ;98.11%、 80 .77% ;84.0 9、45 .83% ;73.91%、35 .71%。结论 :整肠宁对肠易激综合征有较好疗效