Hyperglycemia in COVID-19 infection without diabetes mellitus: Association with inflammatory markers

BACKGROUND New onset hyperglycemia is common in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) infection. Cytokine storm due to COVID-19 infection is an essential etiology for new-onset hyperglycemia, but factors like direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)-induced pancreatic β-cell failure have also been postulated to play a role.AIM We plan to investigate further the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infectioninduced hyperglycemia, particularly the rationale ...     

藏族人群高血糖症与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:探讨藏族人群高血糖症与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法:以拉萨市藏族人群为研究对象,进行临床调查、生化检查和颈动脉检查。检查并分析449例藏族人的糖耐量,糖基化血红蛋白、血压、血脂、空腹胰岛素含量和颈总动脉内中膜厚度。结果:根据糖耐量试验的结果,将研究对象分为3组:正常糖耐量组(NGT)352例,糖耐量低减组(IGT)62例,糖尿病组(DM)35例。患者糖耐量异常的程度越高,患者年龄越大(P<0.01),高血压发病率越高(P<0.05),胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)越大(P<0.001),糖基化血红蛋白值越高(P<0.01),血糖(P<0.001)、甘油三酯浓度(P<0.05)越高,高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平越低(P<0.05)。IGT和DM组的颈动脉粥样硬化程度远比NGT组严重(P<0.001)。多元回归分析表明,增龄、胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、糖基化血红蛋白和胰岛素抵抗指数的自然对数ln(HOMA-IR)是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:高糖血症的藏族人群动脉粥样硬化程度严重。糖基化血红蛋白、增龄、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗是颈动脉粥样硬化的重要因素。     

糖尿病大鼠冠状动脉内皮细胞凋亡的研究

目的　探讨糖尿病大鼠冠状动脉内皮细胞(下称内皮细胞)凋亡的机制,以及凋亡与Fas基因、bcl-2基因表达之间的关系。　方法　实验大鼠分为未治疗组、胰岛素治疗组和正常对照组,每组8只,分别于第0周和第16周时处死检测一般指标,并观察内皮细胞的凋亡百分数(TUNEL法)、bcl-2基因、Fas基因的表达(免疫组化法)、内皮细胞超微结构的改变(电镜)。　结果　(1)16 周时,未治疗组比治疗组、正常对照组大鼠体重减轻,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)显著高于后两组(P<0.05),内皮细胞凋亡数目明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。未治疗组Fas基因表达增加,而 bcl-2 基因表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。未治疗组可观察到较明显的内皮细胞凋亡的形态学改变。　结论　高血糖是实验大鼠内皮细胞凋亡强烈相关因素,凋亡的发生与Fas基因表达上调、bcl-2基因表达降低相关。     

波动性高糖与持续性高糖对人视网膜色素上皮细胞氧化应激的影响

目的比较不同浓度波动性高糖与持续性高糖对人视网膜色素上皮细胞氧化应激的影响。方法体外培养人视网膜色素上皮细胞,取生长良好的对数期细胞用于实验,换用不同条件培养液,分7组进行试验。（1）5．5mmol／L葡萄糖对照组（N组）;（2）25mmol／L持续高糖组（H．组）;（3）33mmol／L持续高糖组（H2组）;（4）5．5／25mmol／L波动葡萄糖组（F．组）;（5）5．5／33mmol／L波动葡萄糖组（F2组）;（6）25mmol／L渗透压对照组（P,组）;（7）33mmol／L渗透压对照组（P2组）。培养72h后以分光光度比色法检测总过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）含量。采用单因素方差分析法进行统计学分析。结果（1）SOD活性：与N组[（32．1±5．0）mU／L1比较,H1、H2组和F1、F2组作用于人视网膜色素上皮细胞72h后降低,分别为（19．9±2．4）、（20．5±1．7）、（12．8±2．5）、（10．9±1．7）mU／L,差异有统计学意义（F=31．56,均P〈0．01）,且以F1、F2组下降幅度更为显著;（2）GSH含量：与N组[（135±18）mg／L]比较,H1、H2组和F1、F2组降低,分别为（97±6）、（92±7）、（70±7）、（71±7）mg／L,差异有统计学意义（F=36．368,均P〈0．01）,且以F1、F2组下降幅度更为显著;（3）MDA含量：与N组[（3．3±0．9）mmol／L]比较,H1、H2组和F1、F2组升高,分别为（13．0±2．0）、（11．2±3．3）、（17．0±1．4）、（19．5±0．5）mmol／L,差异有统计学意义（F=75．642,均P〈0．01）,且以F1、F2组升高幅度更为显著;（4）波动性高糖组与持续性高糖组相比,SOD活性降低,GSH表达量下降,MDA含量均升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论波动性高糖较持续性高糖对人视网膜色素上皮细胞有更强的氧化损伤效应。     

Suppressive effect of short-interfering RNA on hyperglycemia-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on cultured vascular endothelial cells

PURPOSE: The pathology of diabetic retinopathy involves endothelial dysfunction, in which leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) may play a key role. Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are unique modulators of gene expression in mammalian cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enhanced effect of hyperglycemia and the attenuating effect of siRNAs on ICAM-1 expression in cultured endothelial cells. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto 24-well culture plates. The following day, ICAM-1-specific siRNAs were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000. Glucose (15, 30, or 45 mM) or interleukin-1ss as a positive control was added to the medium to stimulate ICAM-1. After 48 hours, the HUVECs were collected to measure the ICAM-1 expression by enzyme-linked immunosolvent assay. Fluoresceinated siRNAs were transfected into HUVECs to confirm transfection of the siRNAs into HUVECs by fluorescein microscopy. RESULTS: Glucose enhanced the ICAM-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. ICAM-1 expression stimulated by hyperglycemia decreased significantly in the HUVECs transfected with corresponding siRNAs. Transfection of siRNAs was confirmed with enhanced fluorescence in HUVECs incubated with control siRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that hyperglycemia stimulated protein expression of ICAM-1 and that siRNAs suppressed gene expression of ICAM-1 in HUVECs. The RNA-targeting approach using siRNAs may provide a novel therapeutic option for diabetic retinopathy.     

Refractive properties of the healthy human eye during acute hyperglycemia

PURPOSE: To measure the refractive properties of the healthy human eye during acute hyperglycemia by means of Scheimpflug imaging and Hartmann-Shack aberrometry. METHODS: Acute hyperglycemia was induced in five healthy subjects (two males, three females, mean age +/-SD 24.8 years +/- 4.6) by means of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after subcutaneous somatostatin injection. Before and every 30 minutes after the OGTT, measurements with Scheimpflug imaging and Hartmann-Shack aberrometry were performed. The main outcome measures were the thickness and shape of the lens, and the ocular refractive error and higher order aberrations. The equivalent refractive index of the lens was calculated from these parameters. Measurements at baseline and during hyperglycemia were analyzed by means of Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests. RESULTS: During hyperglycemia (mean blood glucose level at baseline: 4.0 mmol/l; mean maximal blood glucose level: 18.4 mmol/l) no changes could be found in the refractive properties within the group. In one subject, a hyperopic shift (0.4 D) was observed, together with a more convex shape of the anterior lens surface and a decrease in the equivalent refractive index of the lens. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that hyperglycemia generally does not cause changes in the refractive properties of the healthy eye. Nevertheless, in one subject a hyperopic shift accompanied by a change in shape and refractive index of the lens was measured. This finding could provide an explanation for the mechanism underlying the refractive changes that are often observed during hyperglycemia.     

高血糖对急性高血压性丘脑出血预后的影响

目的研究丘脑出血非糖尿病性血糖升高预后的影响。方法丘脑出血患者中，高血糖组与血糖正常的患者作对照组，应用统计学方法分析丘脑出血预后与血糖正常组的差异。结果本组丘脑出血患者-过性血糖升高的发生率为47．9％，最高血糖水平为10．22mmol／L。结论丘脑出血-过性血糖升高的发生率和血糖水平、丘脑出血的类型和脑实质内的血量有关。     

重症急性胰腺炎高血糖控制研究

目的:探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)高血糖控制方法。方法:采用低精蛋白锌胰岛素(NPH)皮下注射、胰岛素持续皮下注射(CSII)、甘精胰岛素皮下注射方法,观察入院5d内低血糖及高血糖次数、血糖控制水平。结果:血糖≤4.0mmol·L-1及血糖≥11.1mmol·L-1的发生率,CSII组、甘精胰岛素组与NPH组比较,P<0.01或P<0.05;入院第3天每日最高血糖,CSII组与NPH组、甘精胰岛素组比较,P<0.01或P<0.05;入院第5天每日最高血糖,CSII组、甘精胰岛素组与NPH组比较,P<0.01或P<0.05。结论:甘精胰岛素、CSII用于控制SAP的高血糖,优于NPH,甘精胰岛素、CSII效果相近。     

NS-398对高糖诱导的系膜细胞结缔组织生长因子表达的影响

［摘要］目的研究选择性环氧化酶 2抑制药NS 398对高糖诱导的系膜细胞刺激结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）表达的影响。 方法20 μmol&#8226;L-1 NS 398加入30 mmol&#8226;L-1高糖培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞中，分别培养0，12，24，48，72 h，应用逆转录聚合酶链反应的方法评价CTGF mRNA的表达改变，应用免疫细胞化学方法评价CTGF蛋白的表达水平。结果未加高糖刺激的肾小球系膜细胞CTGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平较低，高糖刺激后肾小球系膜细胞CTGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平增加，6 h活性已渐增高，12 h达高峰，18 h开始下降，24 h降至较低水平。用NS 398干预30 min后再用30 mmol&#8226;L-1高糖刺激，未见 CTGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平增加（P＞0.05）。 结论高糖能上调肾小球系膜细胞CTGF mRNA和蛋白的表达，NS 398能抑制高糖诱导系膜细胞CTGF的表达。