不同干燥工艺对鱼腥草挥发油的影响研究

目的研究不同干燥工艺对大别山鱼腥草挥发油的影响。方法分别用低温烘干(50℃)、晒干、阴干的干燥方式处理新鲜的鱼腥草,挥发油提取器提取挥发油,采用GC-MS检测分析。结果阴干、晒干、烘干鱼腥草中的挥发油分别鉴定出43、37和14种。结论晒干和低温烘干方式均会影响鱼腥草挥发油的组成,但对总体积影响不显著。     

乌饭树叶黄酮对糖尿病小鼠胰岛形态和功能的影响

目的：探讨乌饭树叶黄酮对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠的胰岛形态和功能的影响。方法：采用昆明小鼠作为研究对象,以静脉注射链脲佐菌素致小鼠体内诱导形成糖尿病模型。造模成功后将糖尿病小鼠随机分为模型对照组、二甲双胍对照组、80 mg·kg^-1·d^-1和160 mg·kg^-1·d^-1乌饭树叶黄酮组,另设有空白对照组。随后各组小鼠连续给予相应药物14 d。末次给药后,各组小鼠经过夜禁食,测其空腹血糖水平,而后收集小鼠血清和胰腺标本。ELISA法检测血清胰岛素;胰腺组织制备匀浆用于超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）的活性和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量;测定胰腺组织中肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（interleukin 6,IL-6）水平;并以HE染色及透射电镜观察胰岛组织病理学和超微结构变化。结果：与模型组相比较,糖尿病小鼠经乌饭树叶黄酮干预后空腹血糖有不同程度下降（P<0.05）;乌饭树叶黄酮受试组的血清胰岛素含量明显比模型对照组高（P<0.05）;与模型对照组比较,乌饭树叶黄酮组的胰腺组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著升高,MDA含量则明显下降,与此同时,炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6也明显下降。糖尿病小鼠的胰腺组织病理形态学和超微机构改变也在经乌饭树叶黄酮干预后有所改善。结论：乌饭树叶黄酮可降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,该作用可能与其能改善糖尿病小鼠血脂代谢和胰腺组织的氧化应激状态进而减少炎症反应有关。     

基于ISSR的连翘遗传多样性研究

目的研究不同居群连翘的遗传多样性。方法采用ISSR分子标记技术对连翘25个自然居群的样本进行分析,利用POPGENE32软件分析多态位点百分率(P)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)及Shannon多样性指数(I);居群间遗传一致度采用NTSYSpc-2.10软件进行聚类分析。结果选出13条ISSR引物,扩增出353条清晰条带,物种水平P为100%,H为0.252 3,I为0.394 0,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.331 8,居群间基因流(Nm)为1.007 0,遗传距离0.031 0～0.155 5;NTSYSpc软件进行系统聚类,将25个聚群划分为2大类,7分组;连翘个体间进行聚类分析,195份连翘样品划分为2大类,5分组。结论连翘种群遗传多样性水平较高,但连翘种群间遗传距离与地理距离没有相关性,与生态因子和生长环境有关。     

5种马鞭草科药用植物的抗补体活性

采用细胞溶血法考察了千解草(Pygmaeopremna herbacea)、白花灯笼(Clerodendrum fortunatum L.)、尖尾枫[Callicarpa longissima(Hemsl.)Merr.]、赪桐[Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet]及臭茉莉(Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var.simplex Moldenke)等5种马鞭草科药用植物提取物经典途径和旁路途径的抗补体活性。结果表明:千解草水提取物、白花灯笼水提取物和醇提取物、尖尾枫水提取物和醇提取物、赪桐醇提取物及臭茉莉醇提取物有较强的经典途径抗补体活性,对经典途径的抗补体活性(CH50)分别为0.092±0.008,0.074±0.008,0.088±0.006,0.134±0.017,0.123±0.010,0.380±0.080及0.200±0.015 g/L;仅千解草和尖尾枫水提取物及白花灯笼醇提取物具有旁路途径抗补体活性,对旁路途径的抗补体活性(AP50)分别为0.533±0.033,0.758±0.031和0.362±0.029 g/L。因此,5种植物均具有不同程度的抗补体活性,其中白花灯笼醇提取物抗补体活性最强。     

Effects of Ixeris Chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai Boiling Water Extract on Hepatitis B Viral Activity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma are major diseases that affect the Taiwanese population. Therefore, the development of an alternative herbal medicine that can effectively treat these diseases is a research target. In this study, we tested Ixeris Chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai boiling water extract (ICTN BWE) in vitro and analysed its effects on the HBV and liver cancer.

Materials and Methods

We used a human liver cancer cell line (Hep3B, a cell line that continuously secretes HBV particles into a medium) as an experimental model for the screening of various ICTN BWE concentrations and their effects on the HBV in vitro.

Results

Our results showed that 75 µg/mL ICTN BWE downregulated the relative expression of the hepatitis B virus surface antigens (HBsAg) to 77.1%. Using the human liver cancer cell lines HuH-7 and HepG2, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-zyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and tumour clonogenic assays, we then showed that ICTN BWE inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth.

Conclusion

Fluorescent microscopy of DAPI(4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained nuclei and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of ICTN BWE on liver tumour cell growth through induction of apoptosis.     

Effects of Polysaccharides from Gynostemma Pentaphyllum (Thunb.), Makino on Physical Fatigue

Background

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in Chinese herbal medicines. Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (PGP), has been identified as one of the active ingredients responsible for its biological activities. Although many pharmacological activities of PGP have received a great deal of attention, there is limited evidence for the anti-fatigue effects of PGP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of polysaccharides from PGP on physical fatigue.

Materials and method

The rats were divided into four groups, with 10 animals per group: control (C), group, low-treated (LT), group, medium-treated (MT), group, and high-treated (HT), group. The C group received distilled water, while LT, MT and HT groups were given various doses of PGP (100, 200, 400 mg/kg· d). After 30 days, forced swimming test was carried out in an acrylic plastic pool, then the exhaustive swimming time of rats and some biochemical parameters related to fatigue were measured. The data obtained showed that PGP could extend the exhaustive swimming time of the rats, as well as decrease the blood lactic acid (BLA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), concentrations, and increase the hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen concentrations.

Result

The data obtained showed that different doses of PGP could extend the exhaustive swimming time of the rats, as well as decrease the BLA and BUN concentrations, and increase the hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen concentrations, which suggests that PGP had significant anti-fatigue effects on rats.

Conclusion

PGP may be of use as a potential anti-fatigue agent, but there is a need for further research on long-term use in order to show its positive effects on physical fatigue.     

正交设计研究金银花绿原酸煎提工艺

目的:优选金银花绿原酸煎煮提取的最佳工艺。方法:利用正交试验法,以总浸膏得率和绿原酸含量为指标,考察粉碎度、提取时间、提取次数和加水量对煎煮工艺的影响。结果:最佳工艺为金银花粉末过50目筛,加水量30倍,煎煮3次,每次煎煮30 m in。     

忍冬VIGS基因沉默体系构建

目的 以忍冬Lonicera japonica八氢番茄红素脱氢酶（phytoene desaturase,PDS）基因为标记基因,利用ZMBJ-CMV载体建立基于病毒诱导的忍冬基因沉默体系。方法 以忍冬为材料,通过选取同源性较高的片段设计PDS基因的特异性引物,克隆出片段长度为135 bp的序列作为目的基因片段,经双酶切后与黄瓜花叶病毒载体连接构建VIGS重组载体,转化根癌农杆菌后,侵染忍冬幼苗。此外,还对农杆菌吸光度（A）值和侵染方法对PDS基因沉默效率的影响进行了比较。结果 被侵染植株叶片PDS基因表达水平显著降低,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著下降,叶片出现白化表型。结论 建立了以ZMBJ-CMV载体诱导的忍冬基因沉默体系,农杆菌A值为0.8、注射后再进行真空浸润,能够提高忍冬目标基因的沉默效率,为开展忍冬关键基因的功能研究提供了技术支撑。     

全基因组水平金银花TCP基因家族的鉴定及表达模式分析

目的 对金银花Lonicera japonica TCP（LjTCP）基因家族进行鉴定分析,以期为进一步研究LjTCPs的功能机制奠定基础。方法 以金银花基因组数据为基础,通过生物信息学系统分析TCP基因家族在染色体上的分布、系统进化、基因结构、启动子元件及其表达模式。结果 共鉴定出17个LjTCPs,其中16个LjTCPs分布在9条染色体上,LjTCP17未定位到染色体上,基于系统进化树和多重序列比对,LjTCP基因家族可以分为PCF、CIN和CYC/TB1 3个亚家族,分别包含9、6、2个LjTCPs。基因组内共线性分析表明,全基因组复制和片段性复制在LjTCP基因家族进化中发挥了重要作用。LjTCP基因家族启动子包含许多与植物生长发育、激素响应,以及非生物和生物胁迫相关的调控元件。表达模式分析表明,LjTCP基因在金银花花发育初期表达量较高,随着发育进程表达量呈现下降趋势,并且LjTCP05、LjTCP13、LjTCP14、LjTCP16和LjTCP17基因在花青素含量不同的品种中表达量存在差异。对6个具有低温响应元件的LjTCPs在冷胁迫下的基因表达研究表明,大部分基因在冷处理后基因表达呈现上升趋势。结论 金银花TCP基因家族包含17个成员,各成员的分子特征和表达模式存在差异。