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81.
Tetsuya Yoshida Seiichi Nakai Akira Yorimoto Takashi Kawabata Taketoshi Morimoto 《European journal of applied physiology》1995,71(2-3):235-239
We measured the aerobic capacity, sweat rate and fluid intake of trained athletes during outdoor exercise and examined the relationship between aerobic capacity and thermoregulatory responses at high ambient temperatures. The maximal aerobic capacity (
) of the subjects, nine male baseball players of college age, was determined by maximal exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. The subjects practised baseball regularly without drinking fluids from 1330 to 1530 hours. After 30 min rest, they played a baseball game with free access to a sports drink at 15°C from 1600 to 1830 hours. At a mean ambient temperature of 36.7 (SEM 0.2)°C, the mean percentage of body mass loss (m
b) and increase of oral temperature (T
o) from 1330 to 1530 hours was 3.47 (SEM 0.12)% and 0.81 (SEM 0.14)°C, respectively. The sweat loss from 1330 to 1830 hours was 56.53 (SEM 1.56)ml · kg–1 of body mass (M
b) while the mean fluid consumption was 44.78 (SEM 2.39)ml · kg–1 ofm
b, with recovery of 76.08 (SEM 2.81)% of sweat loss. The
was significantly inversely correlated withm
b, fluid intake and rehydration amount, but showed no correlation withT
o. These results would suggest that at a given exercise intensity in subjects with a higher aerobic capacity body temperature is maintained with a lower sweating rate than that in subjects with a lower aerobic capacity. 相似文献
82.
Stephen H. Boutcher F. W. Nugent Peter F. McLaren Arthur L. Weltman 《Psychophysiology》1998,35(1):16-22
The effect of aerobic training on parasympathetic reactivity to mental stress is unclear. Thus, the parasympathetic response, as assessed by time series analysis of heart period variability (HPVts ), of 10 trained male runners (trained group), 10 inherently low resting heart rate untrained men (low HR group), and 10 normal resting HR men (control group) at rest and to two mental stressors was examined. Participants completed a mental arithmetic and Stroop task. Resting HPVts at high and medium frequencies was significantly greater for the trained and the low HR groups than for the control group. Significantly greater decreases in HPVts at the medium frequency during arithmetic recovery were measured for the trained and low HR groups compared with the response of the control group. Significantly greater decreases in HPVts at both the the high and medium frequencies during the first two epochs of the Stroop occurred only for the trained and low HR groups. These results suggest that the greater HPVts at rest and decline in HPVts during and after mental challenge is influenced by both aerobic training and genetic inheritance. 相似文献
83.
High-intensity intermittent running training improves pulmonary function and alters exercise breathing pattern in children 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nourry C Deruelle F Guinhouya C Baquet G Fabre C Bart F Berthoin S Mucci P 《European journal of applied physiology》2005,94(4):415-423
We investigated the effects of short duration running training on resting and exercise lung function in healthy prepubescent children. One trained group (TrG) (n = 9; three girls and six boys; age = 9.7 ± 0.9 year) participated in 8 weeks of high-intensity intermittent running training and was compared to a control group (ContG) (n = 9; four girls and five boys; age = 10.3 ± 0.7 year). Before and after the 8-week period, the children performed pulmonary function tests and an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. After the 8-week period, no change was found in pulmonary function in ContG. Conversely, an increase in forced vital capacity (FVC) (+7 ± 4% ; P = 0.026), forced expiratory volume in one second (+11 ± 6% ; P = 0.025), peak expiratory flows (+17 ± 4% ; P = 0.005), maximal expiratory flows at 50% (+16 ± 10% ; P = 0.019) and 75% (+15 ± 8% ; P = 0.006) of FVC were reported in TrG. At peak exercise, TrG displayed higher values of peak oxygen consumption (+15 ± 4% ; P<0.001), minute ventilation (+16 ± 5% ; P = 0.033) and tidal volume (+15 ± 5% ; P = 0.019) after training. At sub-maximal exercise, ventilatory response to exercise
was lower (P = 0.017) in TrG after training, associated with reduced end-tidal partial oxygen pressure (P<0.05) and higher end-tidal partial carbon dioxide pressure (P = 0.026). Lower deadspace volume relative to tidal volume was found at each stage of exercise in TrG after training (P<0.05). Eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent running training enhanced resting pulmonary function and led to deeper exercise ventilation reflecting a better effectiveness in prepubescent children. 相似文献
84.
Arngrímsson SA Petitt DS Borrani F Skinner KA Cureton KJ 《European journal of applied physiology》2004,92(4-5):524-532
To compare the effect of hyperthermia on maximal oxygen uptake (O2max) in men and women, O2max was measured in 11 male and 11 female runners under seven conditions involving various ambient temperatures (Ta at 50% RH) and preheating designed to manipulate the esophageal (Tes) and mean skin
temperatures at O2max. The conditions were: 25°C, no preheating (control); 25, 35, 40, and 45°C, with exercise-induced preheating by a 20-min walk at ~33% of control O2max; 45°C, no preheating; and 45°C, with passive preheating during which Tes and
were increased to the same degree as at the end of the 20-min walk at 45°C. Compared to O2max (l·min–1) in the control condition (4.52±0.46 in men, 3.01±0.45 in women), O2max in men and women was reduced with exercise-induced or passive preheating and increased Ta, ~4% at 35°C, ~9% at 40°C and ~18% at 45°C. Percentage reductions (7–36%) in physical performance (treadmill test time to exhaustion) were strongly related to reductions in O2max (r=0.82–0.84). The effects of hyperthermia on O2max and physical performance in men and women were almost identical. We conclude that men and women do not differ in their thermal responses to maximal exercise, or in the relationship of hyperthermia to reductions in O2max and physical performance at high temperature. Data are reported as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated. 相似文献
85.
W. P. Vanhelder M. W. Radomski R. C. Goode K. Casey 《European journal of applied physiology》1985,54(4):337-342
Summary Five normal men, aged 20–30 years, participated in three types of exercise (I, II, III) of equal duration (20 min) and total
external work output (120–180 kJ) separated by ten days of rest. Exercises consisted of seven sets of squats with barbells
on the shoulders (I; Maximal Power Output
max=600−900 W), continuous cycling at 50 rev · min−1 (II;
max=100−150 W) and seven bouts of intermittent cycling at 70 rev · min−1 (III;
max=300−450 W).
Plasma cortisol, glucagon and lactate increased significantly (P<0.05) during the exercise and recovery periods of the anaerobic, intermittent exercise (I and III) but not in the continuous,
aerobic exercise (II). No consistent significant changes were found in plasma glucose. Plasma insulin levels decreased only
during exercise II. The highest increase in cortisol and glucagon was not associated with the highest
,
,
max or HR; however it was associated with the anaerobic component of exercise (lactic acid). It is suggested that in exercises
of equal duration and total external work output, the continuous, aerobic exercise (II) led to lowest levels of glucogenic
hormones. 相似文献
86.
J. Smolander V. Louhevaaral P. Oja 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1984,54(4):295-302
Summary Ninety to ninety-five men (aged 27 to 46 years) from the police academy were the study subjects. Their prior habits of physical excercise, estimated aerobic capacity (
), muscular performance, and thickness of subcutaneous fat were determined. The policemen were taller (181 cm vs 175 cm) and heavier (84 kg vs 74 kg) than the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man, and their
(1 · min–1) was higher (3.41 1 · min–1 vs 2.96 1 min–1 The frequency of prior physical exercise significantly correlated with most of the variables studied. Those policemen who did not exercise at all (n = 12) were inferior to the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man on all the physical fitness tests, whereas the results of the most active policemen (n = 23) were clearly higher. The results indicate that the selection of heavier and taller men for police training guarantees a certain absolute level of physical performance capacity. However, the physical activity involved in police work is insufficient to maintain a high level of physical fitness, which must be achieved through participation in regular and effective physical training. 相似文献
87.
Bengal Soumyaneel Das Rabindra Nath Roy Dilip Kumar Das Amitava Chakraborty Raston Mondal 《Ethiopian journal of health sciences》2021,31(2):275
BackgroundInjuries are a focus of public health practice because they pose a serious health threat and are preventable. Currently, injury accounts for 14% of all Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) losses for the world''s entire population. In India, unintentional injuries within the home environment have not so far been recognized to the same extent as traffic and work-related injuries among all age groups. With this background, a community based epidemiological study was conducted with the aim to find out the prevalence and epidemiology of unintentional injuries.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2018 - June 2019 in Bhatar block of Purba Bardhaman District. Cluster random sampling was applied to select required sample of 555 individuals from 24 villages. The study tools used were a predesigned and pretested schedule developed by the researchers with the help of Guidelines for conducting community surveys on injuries by World Health Organization (WHO) and a checklist for assessing household level injury hazard. The study had approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression were performed using SPSS V16.ResultsPrevalence of unintentional injury was 8.8 % in the preceding three months. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that those who were below 18 years of age, severely vulnerable to unintentional injuries and belonged to nuclear families had significantly higher odds of developing unintentional injuries at home.ConclusionUnintentional injury is prevalent in West Bengal. Dissemination of injury prevention information with special focus on household modification is an effective strategy to prevent unintentional injuries. 相似文献
88.
目的 通过临床研究探讨尿道下裂修复术的手术方式与治疗结果的关系。方法 对 10年来尿道下裂修复术 9种方式和 4种取材的特点进行回顾性分析。结果 除术者的临床经验以外 ,手术方式和取材对治疗效果有重要影响。其成功率为 :隧道式皮管法 86.4% ,带蒂包皮岛瓣法 82 .1% ,膀胱粘膜法 82 .2 %。结论 本组采用的尿道下裂修复术 9种术式和 4种取材各具优缺点 ,其中隧道式皮管法、带蒂包皮岛瓣法和膀胱粘膜法的成功率较高 ,值得深入研究改进。 相似文献
89.
目的 探索通过输尿管镜 (UR)及经皮肾镜 (PCN)采用电刀内切开治疗输尿管狭窄的方法与疗效。方法 对 36例 4 1处输尿管狭窄的患者应用自行研制的内切开电刀探头通过输尿管镜 (UR)及经皮肾镜(PCN)行输尿管内切开。结果 36例均获随访。有效 31例 (86 1% ) ,好转 3例 (8 3% ) ,无效 2例 (5 6 % )。结论 通过输尿管镜及经皮肾镜采用电刀内切开是治疗输尿管狭窄的有效方法 ,治疗效果良好 ,手术创伤小 ,视野清 ,并发症少。 相似文献
90.