国外肌电图学在肢体动作领域的主题热点与国际前沿分析北大核心

背景:肌电图在人体肢体动作或肌肉活动测量中应用较多,已经受到医学、运动科学、人机功效学等领域专家学者的广泛认可,但国内外肌电图在人肢体动作应用研究的相关综述略显不足。目的:梳理国外Web of Science核心数据库的相关肌电在人肢体动作应用的研究成果,以期为应用肌电图学进一步优化人体康复、人体工程学等方案设计方面提供建议。方法:在WebofScience核心数据库中,语种选择英语,基于布尔逻辑运算,进行主题词进行检索。检索主题词策略为TS=“electromyography”OR“sEMG”OR“surface EMG”AND“human movement”OR“movement”。利用知识图谱软件CitespaceⅤ对所获得的文献进行去重后,进行学科、国家发文量分析,并利用关键词、高被引、共被引等知识图谱分析相关研究的主题热点与国际前沿趋势。结果与结论:(1)表面肌电测量技术在人肢体动作应用研究主要在神经领域、工程学和体育科学领域发文量较多。美国、中国和加拿大发文量排名前3。(2)肌电在人体肢体运动中应用主要关注肌电控制(myoelectric control);慢性下腰痛(chronic low back pain);皮质脊髓兴奋性(corticospinal excitability);帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease);注意力练习(attentional focus);中风存活患者(stroke survivor);前交叉韧带损伤(anterior cruciate ligament injury);肌肉协同(muscle synergies)等热点主题。(3)国际前沿领域研究分为早期前沿、现代前沿,早期前沿主要从肌电控制、肌电影响因素、肌电算法等领域到现代前沿的人机交互、人机功效学(人体假肢)等研究领域过渡。(4)肌电图学在人体工程学、运动生物力学(肌肉激活程度、激活时间)、评价动作模式、疲劳标准、评价康复性训练效果等领域提供肌电信息参数诊断。肌电在中风或脑卒中患者躯干肌电恢复时间、大小和对称性方面存在显著差异,肌电图学在揭示脑卒中患者单侧肢体抗阻训练对未训练肢体激活反应的机制方面仍然有待进一步研究。     

Next steps: Operationalizing resilience research

The National Institutes of Health have recently gathered internal and external input towards a shared understanding of resilience in the wide context of human health and the biomedical sciences that would help accelerate advances in human health and its maintenance. We suggest the current view that resilience refers in general to a system's capacity to recover, grow, adapt, or resist perturbation from a challenge or stressor. To help harmonize the design and reporting of resilience research studies across multiple domains we have developed and are proposing a Resilience Research Design (ResD) Tool. Researchers can use the Resilience ResD Tool to proceed through a flowchart of six questions that will guide identification of key features in a resilience research study. Through this special supplement, we have shown the application of the Resilience ResD Tool and suggest opportunities and gaps with respect to next steps towards operationalizing resilience research.     

不同充填方法在根管治疗牙体牙髓病中的临床效果

目的 探究在牙体牙髓病患者根管治疗中采取不同充填方法的临床效果。方法 选择东莞市虎 门中医院口腔科2021年12月-2022年6月收治的60例牙体牙髓病患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法 分为对照组和试验组，各30例。对照组给予根管冷侧牙充填，试验组给予热牙胶充填，比较两组充填 效果、患牙疼痛情况、充填指标、炎症因子水平及并发症发生情况。结果 试验组恰填率为90.00%， 高于对照组的73.33%，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；试验组治疗后VAS评分低于对照组，差异有统 计学意义（P ＜0.05）；试验组充填时间、充填面积占比均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）； 试验组治疗后IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；试验组并发症发生率为 3.33%，低于对照组的16.67%，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论 在牙体牙髓病临床治疗中采用热牙胶 充填的充填效果优于根管冷侧牙充填，有助于改善患者的牙齿咀嚼功能，减轻疼痛，能够有效控制炎症反 应，促进患者康复，值得临床应用。     

Pathways to depression: Dynamic associations between neural responses to appetitive cues in the environment,stress, and the development of illness

This review focuses on research my colleagues and I have conducted on etiological pathways to depression. Much of this work has focused on the measurement of neural responses to appetitive cues, using two event-related brain potential (ERP) components, the Late Positive Potential (LPP) and the Reward Positivity (RewP). Reductions in each of these components have been associated with current symptoms of depression, and in some cases have been shown to differentiate anxious from depressive phenotypes. In this review, I will describe three broad and related approaches we have taken in our research to address a series of interdependent issuess. The first attempts to understand different sources of variation in the LPP and RewP, and how these sources interact with one another. The second tries to identify whether variation in the processes measured by these ERP components might reflect a latent vulnerability to depression and its symptoms, that is evident prior to illness onset. And the third examines the possibility that the processes reflected in the LPP and RewP might play a mechanistic role in the development of depression.