“两癌”研究现状及热点探究--基于CiteSpace可视化分析

目的对我国"两癌"已有研究成果进行文本挖掘及分析,探究研究现状及研究热点,为进一步研究提供依据。方法以1995-2019年CNKI中的281篇"两癌"的相关文献为样本,运用CiteSpace,对研究作者和机构进行分析以找出研究力量;对关键词频次、关键词聚类进行分析以总结研究热点;对关键词膨胀词进行分析以理清研究趋势和前沿。结果 "两癌"的研究作者及机构集中于我国东部城乡,西部地区研究缺乏,研究方法多为定量分析,研究热点集中于"农村妇女","两癌筛查"逐渐成为研究前沿。结论有关部门需加强对西部地区"两癌"的关注,积极引入定量与定性相结合的研究方法,进行大范围、多元化、多合作的研究。     

Geographic hot spot analysis of vaccine exemption clustering patterns in Michigan from 2008 to 2017

ObjectiveThis study explored vaccine exemption clustering in Michigan and examined whether vaccine exemptions clustered by exemption type (medical, religious, and philosophical). Furthermore, the study investigated whether Michigan’s nonmedical vaccine exemption policy change had an impact on type-specific vaccine exemption clusters following its implementation.MethodsThe study used the ArcGIS optimized hot spot analysis tool to visually examine vaccine exemption clustering by type in Michigan. The study analyzed secondary kindergarten vaccine exemption data from 2301 elementary school buildings in Michigan for years spanning 2008 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017 post policy change.ResultsClustering of vaccine exemptions by type was present both before and after implementation of the policy with fewer statistically significant features and differences regarding the distribution of hot spot clusters following the policy change.ConclusionConsidering the heterogeneity in vaccine exemption hot spot clustering by type can help to inform public health officials to areas/communities at high risk for vaccine preventable disease outbreaks. Such analysis can allow for the implementation of vaccine exemption interventions that are exemption type specific and tailored for a given area, thus maximizing impact and making best use of limited public health resources. This analysis was also able to showcase the impact of Michigan’s nonmedical vaccine exemption policy on vaccine exemption hot spot clusters.     

茶树菇多糖提取工艺的优选

目的:研究确定茶树菇多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用热水浸提法对茶树菇多糖的提取工艺条件进行优化,以多糖得率为评价指标,选用单因素试验和L18(35)正交试验法,考察浸提比、pH值、浸提温度、乙醇浓度、浸提时间等5个因素对茶树菇多糖得率的影响。结果:提取茶树菇多糖的最佳工艺条件是浸提比1∶10、pH7.5、浸提温度90℃、浸提时间1 h、乙醇浓度95%,为改善茶树菇多糖的提取方法提供了实验基础。     

The Cochrane Library review titles that are important to users of health care,a Cochrane Consumer Network project

Background The Cochrane Consumer Network is an internet‐based community of international users of health care contributing to the work of The Cochrane Collaboration, whose mission is to inform healthcare decision making through development of systematic reviews of best evidence on healthcare interventions. Objective To prioritize existing review titles listed on The Cochrane Library from a healthcare user perspective, with particular emphasis on patients, carers and health consumers. Design An online survey was developed and after piloting was made available internationally. The broad dissemination strategy targeted Consumer Network members and Cochrane Review Group editorial staff to identify champions who notified patient support groups and participated in snowballing. The first part of the survey defined criteria that could be applied to review titles and asked survey respondents to rank them. The second part asked respondents to select a health area and prioritize review titles that were of importance to them. Each health area corresponded to a Cochrane Review Group. Results and discussion Sufficient responses were obtained from 522 valid responses to prioritize review topics in 19 health areas. A total of 321 respondents completed the titles assessment. The types of prioritized interventions were determined by the health area. An important observation was the emphasis on lifestyle and non‐medication therapies in many of the included health areas. The clearest exception to this broad observation was where acute care is required such as antibiotics for acute respiratory tract and HIV‐associated infections and for cardiac conditions. For some cancers, advanced cancer interventions were prioritized. The most important criteria were for the title to convey a clear meaning and the title conveyed that the review would have an impact on health and well‐being. The least important criteria were that the topic was newsworthy or prioritized in the healthcare system. Conclusion This project was able to identify priority Cochrane review topics for users of health care in 19 of the 50 areas of health care covered by The Cochrane Collaboration. Reviews addressing lifestyle and non‐medical interventions were strongly represented in the prioritized review titles. These findings highlight the importance of developing readable, informative lay summaries to support evidence‐based decision making by healthcare users.     

中国青少年与父母交流性相关话题的状况分析

目的:了解目前我国家庭性教育开展状况及存在的主要问题,为进一步发挥家庭在青少年性与生殖健康教育中的作用提供依据。方法:采用分阶段抽样,对全国6个省城市和农村地区的5709例不同类型的青少年进行计算机辅助的自填问卷调查,调查青少年与父母交流性话题的状况及存在的障碍,并分析其影响因素。结果:50%的被调查青少年与父母亲交流过性话题,交流的内容主要为男孩女孩适宜的举止、友情、爱情与婚姻及人体生理知识。不与父母交流性话题的最大原因是感到不好意思,相当比例是父母在面对性话题时敷衍了事、避而不答或没有能力回答。多因素分析显示青少年与父母的性别、父母的文化程度、家庭结构、家庭氛围等因素影响了亲子间性话题的交流。结论:青少年与父母交流性相关话题非常有限,父母的观念和能力阻碍了亲子交流,应加强对父母的指导和培训,对不同特征父母培训的重点应有所侧重。     

Toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in public hot springs in Saudi Arabia.

Toxic cyanobacteria are well reported in rivers, lakes and even marine environments, but the toxin production of cyanobacteria in hot springs is largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated the presence of toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in public hot springs in Saudi Arabia. The results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that Saudi spring cyanobacterial mats contained microcystins (MCYSTs) at concentrations ranging from 468 to 512.5 microg g(-1). The Limulus amebocyte lystae (LAL) assay detected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins in these mats at concentrations ranging from 433.3 to 506.8 EU g(-1). MCYSTs and endotoxins were also detected in spring waters at levels of 5.7 microg l(-1) and 640 EU ml(-1), respectively, exceeding WHO's provisional guideline value for MCYST-LR in drinking-water. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that only Oscillatoria limosa and Synechococcus lividus can produce MCYSTs with a profile consisting of MCYST-RR and -LR. Based on the LAL assay, 12 out of 17 cyanobacterial species contained LPS at concentrations ranging from 0.93 to 21.06 EU g(-1). However, not all LPS of these species were toxic to mice. This study suggests that the hot springs in the world including Saudi Arabia should be screened for toxic cyanobacteria to avoid the exposure of people recreating and bathing in spring waters to cyanobacterial toxins.     

Occurrence of Thermotolerant Hartmannella vermiformis and Naegleria Spp. in Hot Springs of Ardebil Province,Northwest Iran

Background

Geothermal waters could be suitable niches for thermophilic free living amoebae including Naegleria and Hartmannella. Ardebil Province, northwest Iran is popular for having many hot springs for recreational and health purposes activity. The present research is the first molecular based investigation regarding the presence of Naegleria and Hartmannella in the hot springs of Ardebil Province in Iran.

Methods

Overall, 30 water samples were taken from waters of thermal hot springs in Ardebil Province, Iran during 2010-2011. All collected samples were transferred to Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Cultivation of concentrated water samples was performed using culture-enrichment method. Cloning of the target amoebae was obtained and morphological and molecular analysis was done using page key combined with two sets of primers, respectively. Sequence analysis and homology search was used for strains identification.

Results

Of 30 water samples, 8 (26.7%) were positive for thermotolerant Vahlkampfiids and Hartmannella based on morphological characteristics of vegetative form and double walled cysts. Cloning of the target amoebae were done successfully. Sequencing of the positive isolates revealed that the strains belonged to Naegleria (N. carteri and N. spp) and H. vermiformis.

Conclusion

The result highlights a need for improved filtration and disinfection and periodic monitoring of recreational thermal waters in order to prevent disease related to free- living amoebae. This is the first comprehensive molecular study of thermophilic Naegleria and Hartmannella in hot springs of Iran.     

定喘汤联合西药治疗支气管哮喘急性发作期（热哮证）随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察定喘汤联合西药治疗支气管哮喘急性发作期（热哮证）疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将86例住院及门诊患者按随机数字表方法随机分为两组,对照组32例布地奈德粉吸入剂,0．2g/次,2次／d;茶碱缓释片,0．2g／次,2次／d。治疗组32例定喘汤（麻黄9g,苏子10g,黄芩15g,桑白皮15g,法半夏10g,款冬花12g,杏仁、白果各9g,炙甘草6g）,1剂／d,水煎200mL,早晚口服,西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗15d为1疗程。观测临床症状、ACT评分、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈18例,显效17例,有效5例,无效3例,总有效率95．35％。对照组痊愈8例,显效14例,有效15例,无效6例,总有效率86．05％。治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）。ACT评分治疗组改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）。[结论]射干麻黄汤联合西药治疗支气管哮喘急性发作期（寒哮证）,疗效满意,无副作用,值得推广。     

热牙胶挤压术充填侧支根管的临床观察

目的探讨热牙胶挤压术充填侧支根管的临床效果。方法通过临床病例分析，观察热牙胶挤压术充填侧支根管对根尖周病变的治疗效果。结果1年复查60颗患牙，2年复查45颗患牙，均获得成功。结论热牙胶挤压术使充填侧支根管得到良好充填效果。     

高效液相色谱法测定动力染毒柜内气体中毒死蜱含量

目的：建立采用高效液相色谱测定动力染毒柜内气体中毒死蜱含量的方法。方法：采用2个多孔板玻理嘤收管串联，以甲醇为吸收剂，用个体采样器采集动力染毒柜中雾化的毒死蜱热雾剂，吸收液直接进样测定，液相色谱条件：C18柱；流动相：乙腈80％＋20％，紫外检测波长300nm。结果：采样效率达100％，RSD、于1％。结论：方法简单，重现性好，可用于动力染毒柜气体中毒死蜱的测定。