霾研究热点分析与展望

概述霾研究的热点并提出今后的研究展望。通过系统文献分析的方法,简要梳理了关于霾的不同概念的产生发展和不足,综述了霾的成因研究与进展,分析了霾与人体健康研究的现状,并针对调研的武汉市霾污染与人群健康研究情况创新性提出了霾的健康学定义和研究结果,最终提出了霾的防控展望：今后还需清晰界定霾的概念和来源,加强系统监测和不同人群健康效应研究,开展全民健康教育活动。     

双固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱法测定热加工食品中的丙烯酰胺

目的 建立热加工食品中丙烯酰胺的双固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱检测方法。方法 称取0.5~2.0g样品,先采用乙腈提取,再经正己烷脱脂,提取液真空离心浓缩。联用HLB和MCX小柱对提取液进行净化,水和甲醇洗脱,再真空浓缩,滤膜过滤后,用超高效液相色谱法分离测定,检测波长为197nm,外标法定量。结果 在0.5～10.0μg/ml的范围内,方法线性关系良好,r=0.998 7,方法检出限（LOD）为37.8μg/kg,方法定量限（LOQ）为124.7μg/kg,加标量为200μg/kg,500μg/kg和1000μg/kg时,回收率分别为87.5%,94.2%和92.0%,对有证标准物质进行分析,丙烯酰胺结果处于证书范围内,相对标准差为4.36%。结论 该方法线性范围宽、准确、可靠,适合热加工类食品中丙烯酰胺的测定。     

空气污染与健康效应研究热点与前沿——基于CiteSpace的文献分析

目的　探讨国外在空气污染健康效应领域的研究热点和前沿方向,为国内相关研究提供参考依据和启示。方法　对Web of Science(WoS)核心合集(1994-2017年)收录的有关空气污染健康效应的文献,采用CiteSpace3.8进行文献计量和可视化分析。结果　绘制出国外空气污染健康效应关键词、领域信息和文献共被引网络及突现图。结论　（1）国外空气污染健康效应研究热点集中在空气污染对心血管疾病、呼吸系统尤其是哮喘的影响;（2）针对细颗粒物、PM2.5和SO2对人体健康作用的流行病学及分子机制研究是前沿趋势;（3）未来工作将侧重于多学科交叉研究;（4）大型队列研究起重要的推动作用。     

Increased dissolution and oral absorption of itraconazole/Soluplus extrudate compared with itraconazole nanosuspension

The purpose of this article was to compare the in vitro and in vivo profiles of itraconazole (ITZ) extrudates and nanosuspension separately prepared by two different methods. And it was proved truly to form nanocrystalline and amorphous ITZ characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The release of ITZ/Soluplus solid dispersions with amorphous ITZ was almost complete while only 40% release was obtained with ITZ nanocrystals. The amorphous state need not to cross over the crystal lattice energy upon dissolution while the crystalline need to overcome it. In the in vivo assay, the AUC(0–t) and C_max of ITZ/Soluplus were 6.9- and 11.6-time higher than those of pure ITZ. The formulation of the extrudate had an AUC(0–t) and C_max similar to those of ITZ and also OH-ITZ compared with the commercial capsule (Sporanox®). The relative bioavailability values with their 95% confidence limit were calculated to be 98.3% (92.5–104.1%) and 101.3% (97.9–104.1%), respectively. The results of this study showed increased dissolution and bioavailability of the solid dispersion of Soluplus-based carrier loading ITZ prepared by HME compared with the ITZ nanosuspension prepared by wet milling.     

中国高级实践护士研究主题可视化分析

目的 了解中国高级实践护士的研究现状,以期为本土化高级实践护士的进一步发展提供依据.方法 通过CNKI、万方医学数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医药文献数据库进行筛选的以"高级实践护士"为主题或关键词的相关论文,利用BICOMS 2分析软件对主题词进行提取和组织,用以生成主题词的共现矩阵.以NetDraw软件呈现网络关系图...     

Melt extrusion with poorly soluble drugs – An integrated review

Over the last few decades, hot melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a successful technology for a broad spectrum of applications in the pharmaceutical industry. As indicated by multiple publications and patents, HME is mainly used for the enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This review is focused on the recent reports on the solubility enhancement via HME and provides an update for the manufacturing/scaling up aspects of melt extrusion. In addition, drug characterization methods and dissolution studies are discussed. The application of process analytical technology (PAT) tools and use of HME as a continuous manufacturing process may shorten the drug development process; as a result, the latter is becoming the most widely utilized technique in the pharmaceutical industry. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications of various PAT tools such as near and mid-infrared, ultraviolet/visible, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies are summarized, and the characteristics of other techniques are briefly discussed. Overall, this review also provides an outline for the currently marketed products and analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of HME application in the pharmaceutical industry.     

空气源热泵辅助太阳能系统在住院部大楼中的应用

本文以山东省中医院中医临床研究基地建设项目为例,对空气源热泵辅助太阳能制备热水系统设计的思路和过程进行简要介绍,探讨了建筑生活热水的节能系统形式。     

1O％盐水冰敷配合温水泡脚在手足口病患儿降温中的效果观察

目的通过10％盐水冰敷配合温水泡脚在手足口病高热患儿降温中的效果观察,探讨一种最适合手足口病高热患儿降温的方法。方法将在本院住院的120例手足口病高热患儿随机分为10％盐水软包装袋冰敷配合温水泡脚降温60例（观察组）,与传统的橡胶冰袋冰敷配合温水泡脚降温60例（对照组）,比较、观察两组30min、60min、90min后的降温情况。结果冰敷30min、60min、90min后观察组降温效果为（0．91±0．10）（1．63±0．59）（2．80±0．47）,明显优于对照组的（0．59±0．34）（0．91±0．15）（1．69±0．08）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论10％盐水冰敷配合温水泡脚降温,降温效果好,值得临床推广应用。     

岛状皮瓣转移修复手部热压伤后皮肤缺损的临床观察

目的观察岛状皮瓣转移修复手部热压伤后皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对25例手部热压伤并留有皮肤软组织缺损的患者进行岛状皮瓣转移手术,其中骨间背侧动脉岛状瓣修复8例、示指背侧岛状瓣7例、尺动脉腕上支岛状瓣5例、指动脉逆行岛状瓣5例。结果 25例皮瓣转移全部成功,仅有2例皮瓣出现边缘部分坏死。结论根据手部热压伤组织缺损的特点,选择合适的岛状皮瓣转移,可最大程度修复皮肤软组织缺损。     

热熔挤出技术制备吡罗昔康固体分散体

目的采用热熔挤出技术制备难溶性药物吡罗昔康固体分散体,来提高其溶出速率。方法以共聚维酮(PVP-VA64)为亲水性载体材料,聚乙二醇6000为增塑剂,采用热熔挤出技术制备吡罗昔康固体分散体。通过比较差示扫描量热图谱和累积溶出曲线,来表征和评价所制备的固体分散体。结果所制备的固体分散体溶出速率较物理混合物均显著提高。结论热熔挤出技术适用于制备吡罗昔康固体分散体,药物是以无定型分散在载体中,溶出度得到显著提高。