腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆囊并胆总管结石的效果及其对患者血清、胆汁炎性因子的影响

目的 观察腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆囊并胆总管结石的效果及其对患者血清、胆汁炎性因子的影响.方法 选取2014年3月至2017年3月汉中市中心医院肝胆外科收治的212例胆囊并胆总管结石患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组106例,对照组采用常规开腹手术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗,比较两组患者的手术和疼痛情况以及血清、胆汁炎性因子水平.结果 两组患者的结石清除率分别为100.0%(106/106)和98.1%(104/106),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院时间、并发症发生率以及疼痛持续时间为(85.9±15.4)min、(39.1±5.1)mL、(1.7±0.8)d、(6.5±1.9)d、3.8%和(13.7±1.6)h,均少于对照组的(108.9±19.8)min、(96.2±8.7)mL、(3.6±1.7)d、(12.4±3.4)d、15.1%和(18.5±3.8)h,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的VAS评分以及疼痛发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后1 d、术后3 d、术后5 d血清及胆汁中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平均低于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组患者术后7 d血清和胆汁中IL-6、hs-CRP和PCT水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆囊并胆总管结石的清石效果较好,其引发的炎性反应较小,有利于患者术后的康复.     

Preclinical models of multiple sclerosis in nonhuman primates

Biotechnology has enabled the development of specifically acting therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) based on biological molecules. The high species specificity precludes safety and effectivity testing in lower species (mice and rats), thus creating a need for valid experimental models in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Here, we review the creation of relevant NHP model(s) for multiple sclerosis (MS), an IMID of the human CNS. We will also discuss how the model(s) can help in the translation of a scientific principle developed in lower species into a therapy for MS.     

Assessment of intracellular cytokines and regulatory cells in patients with autoimmune diseases and primary immunodeficiencies — Novel tool for diagnostics and patient follow-up

Serum and intracytoplasmic cytokines are mandatory in host defense against microbes, but also play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by initiating and perpetuating various cellular and humoral autoimmune processes.     

Vascular anatomy and surgical approach in oblique lateral interbody fusion at lumbosacral transitional vertebrae

BackgroundOblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) at lumbosacral junction is typically performed on the central window between the bifurcations of iliac vessels. However, the central window of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTVs) is usually obstructed by the iliocaval venous structures. We aimed to describe the vascular anatomy and surgical approach in OLIF at LSTVs compared with those in OLIF at typical L5-S1 junction.MethodsSixty-eight consecutive patients who underwent OLIF at lumbosacral junction were included. Of these, 31 patients had LSTVs and 37 patients had typical L5-S1 junction. The position of the iliocaval junction and the configuration of the left common iliac vein were compared using the preoperative CT and MR images of the lumbar spine. The surgical approach and intraoperative vascular findings were analyzed.ResultsAlmost 70% of LSTVs had the iliocaval junction at low or very low position. Mobilization of left common iliac vein for central window was potentially difficult in almost 74% of OLIF at LSTVs while it was not required or was potentially easy in almost 80% of OLIF at typical L5-S1. Vascular injury was identified in 2 (6.5%) patients with OLIF at LSTVs and in 3 (8.1%) patients with OLIF at typical L5-S1 junction (P = 0.904).ConclusionsIn our series, OLIF at LSTVs was performed through lateral window in 93.5% of the cases. Preoperative evaluation of the iliocaval junction using CT/MR of lumbar spine was reliable and valid in the determination of OLIF approach at lumbosacral junction.     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后并发胆瘘的观察及护理

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术( Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)是微创胆道外科具有重要意义的一项新技术,也是目前治疗胆总管结石最常用的手术方式之一[1].胆瘘常常发生在胆道或胆道邻近脏器的外科手术之后,多在手术后早期出现,起病急骤,不具备瘘管,只有胆汁漏出.胆瘘是LCBDE严重的并发症之一,一旦发生,处理不当,可能导致严重的并发症,甚至危及病人生命[2].现将LCBDE术后6例患者并发胆瘘的护理体会报告如下.     

胆总管下段医源性损伤后胆道再手术

目的探讨胆总管下段医源性损伤后不同的胆道再手术方法。方法回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院2005年6月至2015年9月收治的8例胆总管下段医源性损伤的临床资料。结果 8例中,2例采用胆总管局部修补,3例行Oddi括约肌切开成形,1例行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,1例直接行胰十二指肠切除,1例采用充分引流,术后均治愈出院,住院时间22~46 d,平均住院时间为31.5 d。结论根据损伤的具体部位、破口大小、合并症及发现时间的早晚,对不同病人采取个体化治疗;对胆总管下段损伤的预防及早期处理至关重要。     

机械加载对慢性脑缺血大鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用

摘要：目的 探讨脉冲式机械加载对慢性脑缺血大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用。方法 27只健康雄性SD大鼠 按随机数字表法分为假手术组（Sham组）、血管性痴呆模型组（VD组）和脊柱加载治疗组（VD+L组），每组9只。Sham 组仅分离双侧颈总动脉但不结扎；VD组分离双侧颈总动脉后永久性结扎建立VD模型；VD＋L组建立模型后每天接 受脊柱机械加载治疗，共5周。Morris水迷宫测试大鼠学习记忆能力；HE染色及尼氏染色观察大鼠大脑皮质及海马 组织的病理改变；免疫组织化学技术检测神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达。结果 与VD组相比，VD+L组大 鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短，穿越平台次数和停留平台象限时间显著增加，加载后明显改善神经元形态结构和存活状 态，海马锥体细胞明显增多，并抑制了海马及皮质中GFAP的表达。结论 机械加载可以明显改善慢性脑缺血后大 鼠的学习记忆障碍、保护缺血后神经元，该治疗作用可能与机械加载减轻海马和皮质神经元病理损伤、抑制胶质细 胞的活化有关。