辛伐他汀对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者hsC和sICAM-1及预后的影响

目的:研究辛伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsC)和心血管事件预后的影响。方法:将73例经冠状动脉造影证实的ACS患者随机分为对照组35例和治疗组38例。对照组给予控制血压、降糖、抗凝、抗血小板及改善心肌供血等治疗,调脂药物采用血脂康治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用辛伐他汀20 mg。治疗前及治疗3周后,分别测定血总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、sICAM-1及hsC,观察2组患者出院后6个月内因不稳定型心绞痛再住院、急性心肌梗死、血运重建及死亡等MACE事件发生情况。结果:辛伐他汀治疗组TC、LDL-C、hsC、sICAM-1水平降低(P<0.05);6个月内的不良心脏事件(MACE)显著减少。结论:辛伐他汀可显著减少老年ACS患者MACE的发生率,降低血hsC、sICAM-1水平,改善预后。     

经支气管镜气道内超声诊断的临床应用

传统气管镜和图像检查方法在确定肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期和外周小结节病变定性诊断上明显不足.往往需要纵隔镜及胸腔镜等有创方法来进一步确诊和评估分期.经支气管镜气道内超声检奁(endobronchial ultrasonograghy,EBUS)和超声下经支气管穿刺活检(endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)是一种新的检查手段,利用超声探头通过支气管镜进入气道进行超声探测和获取病理的一种方法.该方法能大大拓展气管镜的视野,使其完全超越了气道壁的限制.采用EBUS和EBUS-TBNA对于纵隔肿瘤诊断和肺癌分期及判断肺癌患者有无纵隔转移有望代替纵隔镜和开胸探查,为肺癌和其他肺部病变提供新的检查方法.     

Assessment of inflamed synovial membrane in the knee joint by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dynamic MRI) was used to examine the synovial membrane in the knee joints of 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to investigate the relationship between pathological and MRI findings. Signal intensities in the regions of interest (ROI), identified as the synovial membrane of the suprapatellar pouch, were measured on MR images. Signal intensities at various times after the injection of contrast medium Gd–diethylenetriaminopentoacetic acid (Gd–DTPA) were normalized relative to the signal intensity at 80s, and designated as the normalized signal intensity (NSI). Pathological findings were quantified, and the types of inflamed synovial membrane were classified as either acute or chronic. A significant difference in NSI was observed between acute and chronic types (P 0.05). Dynamic MRI was capable of classifying acute and chronic RA by measuring NSI 20s after contrast medium injection. Dynamic MRI was therefore shown to be useful for assessing regional synovial inflammation.     

Successful treatment of chronic granulomatous disease with fludarabine-based reduced-intensity conditioning and unrelated bone marrow transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) with a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen can be expected to lead to less therapy-related mortality and late-onset impairment, whereas it has also been reported to increase the risk of unsustained mixed donor chimerism and late rejection after transplantation. Herein, we report a 4-year-old boy with CGD who was successfully treated with unrelated bone marrow transplantation with a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RIC). Fludarabine-based RIC, 4 Gy of total body irradiation, 120 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, and 125 mg/m² of fludarabine, was adopted for transplantation, followed with 8.9 × 10⁸/kg mononucleated donor cells infused without T-cell depletion. Although hematopoietic engraftment was rapidly obtained by day +17, he developed unstable donor chimerism. After tacrolimus withdrawal, the patient showed grade III acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and subsequently reached full donor chimerism by day +61. Twelve months post-transplant, the patient has remained well with stable and durable engraftment, 100% donor chimerism, and normal superoxide production, without the requirement of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI).     

高分辨率超声技术评价病毒性心肌炎患者血管内皮功能的改变

目的:采用高分辨率超声技术探讨病毒性心肌炎患者血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应(FMD)和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张反应(NMD).方法:采用高分辨率超声技术检测30例病毒性心肌炎患者(心肌炎组)的内皮功能,并与20例非心肌炎患者(非心肌炎组)及20例健康体检者(正常对照组)做比较.结果:心肌炎组FMD(8.73±2.87)%和非心肌炎组FMD(13.00±2.79)%均低于正常对照组(19.32±2.67)%,且差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01),心肌炎组FMD低于非心肌炎组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).心肌炎组NMD(19.68±5.84)%、非心肌炎组NMD(23.18±4.28)%及正常对照组NMD(24.24±4.13)%3组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:病毒性心肌炎患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能受损明显,而非内皮依赖性舒张功能变化不明显.     

Barrett's esophagus: Pathogenesis,epidemiology, functional abnormalities,malignant degeneration,and surgical management

Barrett's esophagus (i.e. columnar epithelial metaplasia in the distal esophagus) is an acquired condition that in most patients results from chronic gastroesophageal reflux. It is a disorder of the white male in the Western world with a prevalence of about 1/400 population. Due to the decreased sensitivity of the columnar epithelium to symptoms, Barrett's esophagus remains undiagnosed in the majority of patients. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with Barrett's esophagus has a more severe character and is more frequently associated with complications as compared with reflux patients without columnar mucosa. This appears to be due to a combination of a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, inefficient esophageal clearance function, and gastric acid hypersecretion. Excessive reflux of alkaline duodenal contents may be responsible for the development of complications (i.e., stricture, ulcer, and dysplasia). Therapy of benign Barrett's esophagus is directed towards treatment of the underlying reflux disease. Barrett's esophagus is associated with a 30- to 125-fold increased risk for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The reasons for the dramatic rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which occurred during the past years, are unknown. High grade dysplasia in a patient with columnar mucosa is an ominous sign for malignant degeneration. Whether an esophagectomy should be performed in patients with high grade dysplasia remains controversial. Complete resection of the tumor and its lymphatic drainage is the procedure of choice in all patients with a resectable carcinoma who are fit for surgery. In patients with tumors located in the distal esophagus, this can be achieved by a transhiatal en-bloc esophagectomy and proximal gastrectomy. Early adenocarcinoma can be cured by this approach. The value of multimodality therapy in patients with advanced tumors needs to be shown in randomized prospective trials.     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断周围神经损伤的临床效果分析

目的:探讨高频彩色多普勒超声诊断周围神经损伤的临床效果。方法:选取2016年6月—2018年5月收治的52例周围神经损伤患者,所有患者均经手术证实,且均行高频彩色多普勒超声检查,分析周围神经损伤患者超声表现。结果:以手术结果作为金标准,52例周围神经损伤患者中,49例经高频超声确诊,3例误诊,诊断准确率为94.23%;52例患者经高频超声诊断,36例位于上肢(其中肘部以上5例,肘部以下31例),8例位于下肢,8例位于颈部;创伤性神经瘤38例,卡压性损伤11例,周围神经完全断裂3例;臂丛神经损伤7例,正中神经损伤5例,尺神经损伤14例,桡神经损伤19例,坐骨神经损伤3例,腓总神经损伤3例,腓浅神经损伤1例。结论:高频彩色多普勒超声诊断周围神经损伤具有较高的诊断准确率,可有效明确患者的损伤部位、损伤节段及损伤类型。     

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Rib Fractures in Patients Presenting to Emergency Department With Blunt Chest Trauma

BackgroundRib fractures are the most common complications of blunt chest trauma (BCT). Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for BCT, but with several disadvantages. Ultrasonography (US) is an inexpensive, readily available, and relatively harmless imaging alternative. However, a direct comparison of the sonographic evaluation of the rib as a whole with CT as a reference has not been performed to date.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of US with CT for the detection of rib fractures in patients who presented to emergency department (ED) with BCT.MethodsWe included a convenience sample of adult patients who presented to the ED with thoracic pain after BCT in the last 24 h in this prospective, observational, diagnostic accuracy study. The diagnostic utility of US performed by an emergency physician was compared with thorax CT.ResultsThe final study population included 145 patients. The diagnostic accuracy of US was 80% with a sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 72.7% for the detection of any rib fracture (positive likelihood ratio 3.4 and negative likelihood ratio 0.12). If we considered each rib separately, the sensitivity of US decreased to 76.7% and specificity increased to 82.7% (81.3% accuracy).ConclusionsA negative US of the site of the highest tenderness and neighboring ribs in a patient with BCT who presented to the ED with lateralizing pain decreases the possibility of a rib fracture significantly. However, a positive US performs poorly to specify the exact location and number of the fractured ribs.     

Omniview检查诊断宫腔粘连的临床应用价值

目的探讨经阴道三维超声自由解剖成像(Omniview)检查诊断宫腔粘连的临床应用价值。方法选取本院收治的86例疑似宫腔粘连患者,全部患者均行Omniview检查与宫腔镜检查,以宫腔镜结果为金标准评价Omniview检查诊断宫腔粘连的效能。结果 Omniview检查诊断宫腔粘连的准确度为88.37%,与宫腔镜结果比较差异显著(P<0.05);Omniview检查诊断不同宫腔粘连程度的特异度、灵敏度、准确度结果如下:中央型粘连:90.00%、96.36%、94.67%,周围型粘连:95.52%、75.00%、93.33%,混合型粘连:93.65%、100.00%、94.67%,Omniview检查诊断不同程度宫腔粘连的总体符合率为94.68%,与宫腔镜结果相符(P>0.05)。结论 Omniview检查在宫腔粘连程度判断中结果可靠,能够有效检出中央型粘连、混合型粘连病例,但在周围型粘连诊断中仍存在局限性。     

经阴道超声对女性尿道憩室的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道超声检查女性尿道憩室的声像图表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析40例女性尿道憩室患者临床及超声资料,总结其声像图特点。结果 40例经阴道超声诊断为尿道憩室。其中38例为单发憩室,2例多发憩室。均位于尿道中段,背侧为主。环形11个,马鞍形25个,类圆形7个。复杂性憩室37个,单纯性憩室6个。憩室最大径0.9~6.2 cm(中位3.0 cm),其中复杂性憩室最大径1.5~6.2 cm(中位3.0 cm),单纯性憩室最大径0.9~2.2 cm(中位1.5 cm)。壁厚0.2~0.5 cm(中位0.3 cm)。32个憩室呈无回声,11个憩室为片絮状弱回声。34个憩室内多发分隔,9个憩室内无分隔。26个憩室内点片状强回声结石,17个无强回声。43个憩室内均未见实性肿瘤。29个憩室开口位置与术中所见相符,14个憩室开口与术中所见不相符或未得到手术证实。28个憩室壁或分隔可见少量低速高阻动脉血流信号。结论女性尿道憩室的声像图具有特征性,有助于术前诊断及鉴别诊断。