抗单纯疱疹病毒CHA9-3D8单链抗体三维结构的计算机模建和分析

将１株分别来自单纯疱疹病毒ＭｃＡｂ（重链）和出血热病毒ＭｃＡｂ（轻链）的杂化单链抗体基因序列，在ＳＧＩ图形工作站上，利用同源蛋白结构预测的方法，建立起了其三维结构模型，以寻找轻、重链空间结构的相互关系，观察抗体的结构及表面静电性和疏水性的变化。结果表明，杂化链抗体的轻、重链位置得当，轻链参与组成了“疏水口袋”的形成，并有约五分之二的“袋口”部分由其围成，Ｌｉｎｋｅｒ链位置贴切，游离于轻、重链之外。轻、重链的３个超变区围绕于疏水口袋附近。这一研究为进一步分析轻、重链在抗体功能中的作用，以及改造抗体并提高抗体活性等方面提供了一种途径。     

逆转录病毒载体介导乙型肝炎病毒反义基因的转录表达

为了探索在真核细胞内转录表达乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）反义核酸的方法，用基因重组技术将ＨＢＶ前Ｃ／Ｃ基因（ＰｒｅＣ／Ｃ）和前Ｓ／Ｓ基因（ＰｒｅＳ／Ｓ）片段反向插入逆转录病毒载体质粒，再将重组体分别转染ＰＡ３１７包装细胞，进而获得能够介导ＨＢＶ反义基因向小鼠ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞转移表达的重组逆转录病毒。经分子杂交试验表明，含有ＨＢＶ反义基因的重组逆转录病毒序列已经整合到转染的ＰＡ３１７细胞染色体上；转导的ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞内有ＨＢＶ反义ＲＮＡ转录表达。结论：逆转录病毒载体包装细胞系统能够介导ＨＢＶ反义基因在真核细胞中转录表达，因而有可能利用反义技术和基因转移方法进行抗－ＨＢＶ基因治疗     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞内的核表达检测

目的　检测和研究丙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitisCvirus,HCV)核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞 (peripheralbloodmononuclearcells ,PBMC)内核表达的意义 ,并探讨其与临床的关系。方法　对 6 6例慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMC标本进行免疫组化检测 ,并将HCV蛋白抗原定位分布情况与患者临床状况进行比较分析 ,对其中 2 7例患者PBMC进行HCVRNA和HCVAg的平行检测和分析。结果　免疫组化结果显示 ,慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMCHCVAg(core +NS3)阳性检出率为 77 2 7% (5 1 6 6 )。结果还证实 ,HCV核心蛋白均定位于胞核内 ,且呈强表达 ;NS3蛋白主要定位于胞质内 ,呈弱表达。当进行HCVAg在PBMC内定位情况与患者临床状况比较分析时显示 ,病情较重患者PBMC内核心蛋白表达阳性率 (35 2 9% )明显高于病情较轻者 (5 88% ) (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　HCV核心蛋白在PBMC内核表达与患者临床状况相关 ,提示其可能是丙型肝炎慢性化的一个指标 ,并可能在肝硬化和肝癌发生上起一定作用     

Skin tests and blood leukocyte histamine release of patients with allergies to laboratory animals

Skin tests and in vitro histamine-release reactions were used to evaluate 130 patients observed in an employee allergy clinic at a biomedical research facility. The allergens used included extracts from pollens (ragweed, grasses, trees, weeds), molds, mixed feathers, house dust, cat, dog, mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and hamster. Of all patients, 66% complained of allergic symptoms on laboratory animal exposure, although only 52% worked directly with animals. Among patients with symptoms, 91% were positive by skin test to at least one laboratory animal, and 46% had asthma. The median length of exposure to laboratory animals before onset of symptoms was 2.8 yr with 60% of the patients developing their symptoms within 3 yr. Among patients who had allergic symptoms before exposure to laboratory animals, 79% were skin test positive to laboratory animals when they were evaluated in this study. There was a close association found between the skin test and histamine-release results with the laboratory animal allergens: 91% of the 4+ skin reactors had leukocytes positive for histamine release versus 5% of the leukocyte donors with less than 1+ skin reactions. A close relationship in positive reactions to different laboratory animal allergens was also found. For example, individuals positive to mouse were positive also to rat (95%), rabbit (79%), guinea pig (83%), and hamster (88%). Patients who reacted to laboratory animals also reacted to some extent to house dust and cat and dog allergens, and about one half of the animal-allergic individuals reacted to pollens. Although nonpollen-allergic individuals can develop sensitivity to laboratory animals, the group at higher risk are allergic individuals, especially those sensitive to house dust, cats, or dogs.     

122例急性戊型肝炎重叠感染患者的肝功能及临床特点分析

目的 比较分析单纯急性戊型肝炎与重叠感染患者的肝功能指标和临床特点.方法 以40例单纯急性戊型肝炎为对照,回顾性分析了122例重叠感染戊型肝炎患者的肝功能指标、临床资料.结果 单纯戊肝组、甲戊重叠感染组、乙戊重叠感染组,三组之间ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),急性戊肝组与乙戊重叠感染组,甲戊重叠感染组与乙戊重叠感染组的白蛋白、球蛋白有统计学差异(P<0.01);甲戊重叠感染、乙戊重叠感染与单纯戊肝相比较临床合并症多、并发症重.结论 戊型肝炎重叠感染,特别是乙戊重叠感染患者,要加强临床监测,提高早期预防并发症的意识,以降低病死率.     

登革2型病毒E蛋白免疫优势表位的筛选鉴定

目的 用噬菌体展示肽库筛选登革2型病毒(DEN2)E蛋白的抗原表位，并确定该抗原表位性质。方法 以DEN2型特异的E单克隆抗体作为筛选分子，生物淘洗噬菌体随机12肽库，将筛选的噬菌体阳性克隆进行ELISA检测、DNA序列测定及展示肽的氨基酸序列推导，通过噬菌体展示肽序列与DEN2E蛋白的氨基酸一级结构的对比，初步确定E蛋白的抗原表位；用模拟该表位线性序列的合成十肽进行抗体结合试验、噬菌体竞争抑制试验及与DEN感染患者的血清学试验，确定其为免疫优势线性表位。结果 肽库淘洗获得的11个ELISA阳性的噬菌体克隆有相似的结构基序WFKKGSS，其展示肽与DEN2E蛋白390～398 AA序列有3～5个氨基酸相同。对应于DEN2E蛋白390～399AA的合成十肽能与淘洗单抗特异反应，并可抑制噬菌体阳性克隆与该单抗结合。该合成肽与DEN2感染患者血清有较高的免疫反应性。结论 本实验通过噬菌体随机肽库的生物淘洗确定的DEN2E蛋白(E390～398AA)线性序列为免疫优势表位，其对应的合成肽E10可望用于DEN2感染的快速诊断。     

登革病毒2型NS1蛋白DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫效果观察

目的　以登革病毒 2型 (denguevirus2 ,DV2 )非结构蛋白 (non structrulprotein 1,NS1)为靶基因 ,构建DV2 NS1的候选DNA疫苗 ;并探讨其在小鼠体内诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫的作用。方法　将登革病毒 2型NS1 NS2a基因片段克隆至含AG强启动子的真核表达载体pCXN2上 ,构建成重组体pCXN2 NS1 NS2a。在体外将重组质粒转染Cos 7细胞 ,间接免疫荧光检测其在真核细胞中的表达。大量提取空质粒和重组质粒 ,进行动物免疫实验。结果　重组质粒可在真核细胞中有效地表达NS1蛋白。免疫接种小鼠后可诱发机体产生针对NS1蛋白的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫。末次免疫前已有抗体产生 ,4周后达高峰。抗体依赖补体介导的溶细胞作用 (antibody dependentcomple ment mediatedcytolysis,ADCC)试验结果显示产生的抗体在体外具有特异的杀细胞作用。淋巴细胞增殖实验结果显示 ,实验组小鼠的淋巴细胞增殖能力与对照组比较差异有显著性。流式细胞计数仪(FACS)检测DNA免疫鼠CD4 + 、CD8+ T淋巴细胞变化情况 ,与注射空载体pCXN2的阴性鼠相比 ,CD4 + 、CD8+ 细胞水平有较大升高 (P <0 .0 1)。动物保护性实验结果显示 ,当用致死剂量登革病毒攻击免疫鼠时 ,有 6 6 .6 %的免疫鼠受到保护。结论　NS1 NS2a基因重组质粒免疫小鼠可以诱     

应用长链RT-PCR法扩增我国登革2、4型病毒株全长cDNA

目的：采用长链RT-PCR技术扩增登革2型及4型病毒基因组全长cDNA，为构建登革病毒全长cDNA克隆、表达，深入阐明致病机理及探索新型疫苗奠定基础。方法：根据已测定的登革2、4型病毒全基因组序列，设计上下游引物。从感染登革病毒的乳鼠脑中提取病毒基因组RNA，采用长链RT-PCR技术进行扩增。为检验扩增产物的特异性，以PCR产物为模板扩增覆盖基因组的10个片段。将含有复杂二级结构的5′非编码区扩增片段，在377A型自动测序仪进行序列分析。结果：扩增出登革2、4型病毒基因组全长近11kb cDNA分子，非编码区测序结果表明扩增产物为登革2、4型病毒所特有。结论：利用长链RT-PCR首次成功扩增出登革病毒全长cDNA分子。     

Large Envelope Glycoprotein and Nucleocapsid Protein of Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) Induce an Immune Response in Balb/c Mice by DNA Vaccination; Strategy for Developing a DNA-Vaccine Against EAV-Infection

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a member of the Arteriviridae family, that includes lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). Equine arteritis is a contagious disease of horses and is spread via respiratory or reproductive tract. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the possibility for developing a model system for prevention horses against an EAV infection by DNA vaccination. A cDNA bank from the RNA of EAV was established. This gene library contains the translation unit of the EAV open reading frames (ORF) 1 to 7. The identity of the cDNA was confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Using this defined EAV cDNA gene library the cDNA sequence of the viral ORFs were molecularly cloned into the corresponding sites of well characterized and powerful expression vectors (pCR3.1, pDisplay, and/or pcDNA3.1/HisC).The capability of these recombinant plasmids expressing the gene products of the individual viral ORFs 3 to 5, and 7 in induction of an immune response in mouse system was investigated. The Balb/c mice (ten mice per assay) were inoculated with the DNA of the constructed expression vectors harboring and expressing the EAV cDNA of the viral ORFs. The Balb/c mice were injected with about 100 g DNA diluted in 100 l PBS. The DNA was injected subcutaneously and into the tibialis cranialis muscle (Musculus gastrocnemius). The mice were boosted 3 to 5 times with the same quantities of DNA and under the same conditions at about two week intervals. Control mice received the same amount of parental expression vectors via an identical route and frequency.The pre- and post-vaccinated sera of the individual animals were screened by neutralization tests (NT). Neutralizing antibodies against EAV were detected when the animals were inoculated with the DNA of the expression vectors harboring cDNA of the EAV ORFs 5 and 7. Highest NT-titers were observed when the animals were administered with the cDNA of ORF 5 and/or with the cDNA of the neutralization determinants of EAV that is located on the N-terminal ectodomain of the gene product of ORF 5 between the amino acid positions 1–121. These results obtained from these studies justified proofing the capability of the EAV cDNA sequences of the viral genes including ORFs 5 and 7 in the autologous animal system horse.     

Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum of healthy black African adults positive for hepatitis B surface antibody alone: possible association with recombination between genotypes A and D

In some patients with chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis B virus, viral DNA is known to persist in low concentration in serum after seroconversion to hepatitis B surface antibody-positivity. This phenomenon has, however, not been documented in asymptomatic black African carriers of hepatitis B virus. Using nested amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, we detected low concentrations of hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum of 6 of 23 (26%) healthy black African adults with normal liver function and with hepatitis B virus surface antibody as the only serological marker of the virus. This finding offers one explanation for the earlier observation of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatocellular carcinomas in black Africans whose serum was positive for surface antibody alone. A number of genetic changes were found in the six isolates that might be responsible for evasion of the immune response and persistence of the virus. Isolated mutations were detected in the "a" determinant of the surface gene and in the encapsidation signal. In all five isolates sequenced in the core promoter, mutations were present in the upstream regulatory region. Recombination between genotypes A and D was present in three of the isolates, including both of those in which the entire genome was sequenced. This change in genotype also overlapped the amino end of the polymerase domain and may result in sufficiently low levels of replication to allow viral persistence. Topoisomerase 1 specific trinucleotides were concentrated in the vicinity of the recombination breakpoints.