甘草酸抗病毒活性的研究进展

以国内外发表的文献为材料,简述甘草酸在抗病毒方面研究进展。对甘草酸抗肝炎病毒、疱疹属病毒、HIV病毒及SAS病毒等机制进行了综述。甘草酸抗病毒活性强,能抑制多种不相关的DNA、RNA病毒的生长,并且不影响正常细胞的活性。但由于其脂溶性和生物利用度低,及长期使用会引起一些不良反应,而限制了它的应用。总的来说,甘草酸在抗病毒方面的前景良好,有其独特优势,但其抗病毒机制复杂,很多方面有待进一步研究。     

淋巴细胞恶性疾病HTLV-Ⅰ抗原及抗体的测定分析

本文以间接免疫萤光法测定96例淋巴细胞恶性患者血清中抗人T细胞白血病病毒Ⅰ型(HTLV—1)抗体。其中,80例急性淋巴细胞白血病;12例非何杰金氏淋巴瘤;4例慢性淋巴细胞白血病。发现一例成人抗HTLV—1抗体阳性,抗体滴度1:80,阳性率1.04％。並在培养细胞中检出HTLV—1抗原阳性细胞,前后两次阳性率分别为1.7～1.5％(P>0.05)。确诊病人已感染本病毒,提示HTLV—1已传入江西。认为测定HTLV—1抗原比抗体更重要,可用于早期确诊及游行病学调查。     

EDTA Registry centre survey, 1986. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry

This paper summarises the information given on the 1986 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of the 2,065 known dialysis and transplant centres in 33 European countries. Information is given on the number of patients alive on haemodialysis according to the type of dialysis facilities available where the patient was receiving dialysis and the number of patients receiving special types of dialysis. The centre questionnaire also included questions on testing for HIV infection, serological evidence or symptoms of AIDS and the diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients and staff. The data given in response to these questions are presented together with data on the involvement of dietitians and social workers in the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Finally, information on transplant activity in Europe and the treatment policies of transplanting centres is provided.     

维生素D的骨外作用

越来越多的研究表明,维生素D除具有经典的调节钙磷平衡和维持骨骼健康的作用外,还具有其他更为广泛的骨外生物学效应,如调节免疫、抗肿瘤、保护中枢神经系统和防治代谢综合征等作用.本文就相关方面的研究进展进行综述.     

Hepatitis B virus genetic diversity and its impact on diagnostic assays

Summary.  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) circulates in blood as closely related, but genetically diverse molecules called quasispecies. During replication, HBV production may approach 10¹¹ molecules/day, although during peak activity this rate may increase 100–1000 times. Generally, DNA polymerases have excellent fidelity in reading DNA templates because they are associated with an exonuclease which removes incorrectly added nucleotides. However, the HBV-DNA polymerase lacks fidelity and proofreading function partly because exonuclease activity is either absent or deficient. Thus, the HBV genome and especially the envelope gene, is mutated with unusually high frequency. These mutations can affect more than one open reading frame because of overlapping genes. The S gene contains an exposed major hydrophilic region (residues 110–155), which encompasses the 'a' determinant that is important for inducing immunity. Nucleotide substitutions in this region are common and result in reduced binding or failure to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in diagnostic assays. Adaptive immunity also depends on the recognition of HBsAg by specific antibody and variants pose a threat if they interfere with binding to antibody. Finally, genomic hypervariability allows HBV to escape selection pressures imposed by antiviral therapies, vaccines and the host immune system, and is responsible for creating genotypes, subgenotypes and subtypes.     

Smoothing the mosaic subclinical melanoderma by calcipotriol

BACKGROUND: The observation of photo-exposed skin under ultraviolet light reveals a mosaic pattern of varying intensity in epidermal melanization. Several patterns of mosaic subclinical melanoderma (MSM) have been described using a specially designed CCD camera and the ultraviolet light-enhanced visualization (ULEV) method. Vitamin D(3) and its analogues influence the biology of keratinocytes and melanocytes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of calcipotriol on MSM. METHODS: This randomized split-face study was conducted in 27 men to compare the effect of once daily applications of 5% calcipotriol cream or a moisturizing cream on the heterogeneity of facial MSM. Computerized image analysis of video images was used at 1-month intervals before and during a 2-month treatment, as well as during a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: At both sites, the average melanin content of the epidermis showed no significant change over time. However, the mottled appearance was smoothened at the calcipotriol site, whereas it was increased at the site receiving the moisturizer. CONCLUSION: The decreased heterogeneity in MSM after calcipotriol applications suggests a control of the epidermal melanocyte unit by the vitamin D(3) derivative.     

Recent Ⅳ-drug users with chronic hepatitis C can be efficiently treated with daily high dose induction therapy using consensus interferon:An open-label pilot study

INTRODUCTION Under physiological conditions, interferon-α (IFN-α) is a key cytokine produced by virtually all cells in the mammalian organism in response to a variety of bacterial and viral stimuli. In response to viral infection, IFN-α produced by the infected target cells induces a number of cellular genes involved in inhibition of viral replication. In addition, IFN-α is secreted by stimulated NK-cells and T-cells and exerts a multitude of immune stimulatory effects of innate a…     

成纤维细胞生长因子23在血液透析患者磷和维生素D代谢中的作用

目的 探讨成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF-23）在维持性血液透析（MHD）患者磷和维生素D代谢中的作用及相关调控机制。 方法 采用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）对59例MHD患者（血透组）及20例健康志愿者（对照组）进行血清全段FGF-23测定，同时应用放免法测定血清1，25-二羟维生素D（1,25(OH)2VitD）水平。血透组患者测定血清白蛋白（Alb）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）及全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）等指标。 结果 血透组血清FGF-23水平明显高于对照组[（215.23±123.55）比（28.72±11.49） ng/L，P < 0.01]，而血清1,25(OH)2VitD水平明显低于对照组[（13.25±8.73）比（42.24±12.45） μg/L，P < 0.01]。Pearson相关分析显示，血透组血清FGF-23水平与血清P、Scr、Ca、iPTH及透析疗程时间呈正相关（P < 0.05）；与血清1,25(OH)2VitD水平和年龄呈负相关（P < 0.05）；而与性别、血压、血清Alb、Hb、BUN等指标无相关。多元回归分析显示，血清P、Ca、Scr、iPTH和1,25(OH)2VitD是影响血清FGF-23的主要变量，5者组成的模型解释了总变异的约62%（R2=0.623，P < 0.01）。 结论 MHD患者血清全段FGF-23水平明显增高，而1,25(OH)2VitD水平明显降低。FGF-23的调控是由复杂的多种因素共同作用的结果，血清P、Ca、Scr、iPTH和1,25(OH)2VitD是影响血清FGF-23水平的主要调控因子。     

BKV in Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Leading Cause of Renal Graft Loss in First 2 Years Post-Transplant

With the introduction of more potent immunosuppressive agents, rejection has decreased in simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant (SPK) recipients. However, as a consequence, opportunistic infections have increased. The purpose of this report is to outline the course of SPK patients who developed polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN). A retrospective review of 146 consecutive SPK recipients from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2002 was performed. Immunosuppression, rejection and development of PVAN were reviewed. Nine patients were identified. All received induction with either OKT3 or thymoglobulin. Immunosuppression included tacrolimus/cyclosporine, MMF/azathioprine and sirolimus/prednisone. Two patients were treated for kidney rejection prior to the diagnosis of PVAN. Time to diagnosis was an average of 359.3 days post-transplantation. Immunosuppression was decreased but five ultimately lost function. However, none developed pancreatic abnormalities as demonstrated by normal glucose and amylase. Two underwent renal retransplantation after PVAN diagnosis and both have normal kidney function. PVAN was the leading cause of renal loss in SPK patients in the first 2 years after transplantation and is a serious concern for SPK recipients. The pancreas, however, is spared from evidence of infection, and no pancreatic rejection occurred when immunosuppression was decreased.     

Investigations into the C‐deuteriation of aryl alkyl ketones using urea as a pro‐base in the presence of a deuterium donor

Results are reported on the regioselective C‐deuteriation of a series of enolates derived from the deprotonation of aryl alkyl ketones using dilithiated urea as the pro‐base in the presence of a suitable deuterium donor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.