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71.
The pathomechanisms involved in the neuronal dysfunction in Huntington disease (HD) are still unresolved and may be heterogeneous. One potential mechanism might be related to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in the CNS. This might lead firstly to neuronal dysfunction and finally to the activation of apoptotic pathways. Several compounds, which should alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, have been tested in preclinical models as well as in clinical trials of different scale. Recently we reported the efficacy of Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (Ethyl-EPA) in patients with HD. Ethyl-EPA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid from the n − 3 group, which is in clinical development for HD and melancholic depression. In our trial with Ethyl-EPA in HD responding patients could be characterized by either a lower CAG repeat number or a chorea-predominant clinical expression of the disease. Here we would like to describe some evidence on the potential mechanism of action of Ethyl-EPA in HD. We specifically focus on pathways, which are known to be influenced in HD and are modified by Ethyl-EPA and which points to an involvement of mitochondrial function as a common target. Some attention is given to the NF-kappa B pathway and the c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway, which both may lead to an activation of the antiproliferative factor p53 and consequently mitochondrial dysfunction. Further the effects of EPA or Ethyl-EPA in preclinical models of HD are described. The evidence from these studies led to the design of phase III clinical trials, which are ongoing. 相似文献
72.
Jan Petr Jan Kybic Michael Bock Sven Müller Václav Hlavác 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2007,58(3):582-591
A new reconstruction method for parallel MRI called PROBER is proposed. The method PROBER works in an image domain similar to methods based on Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE). However, unlike SENSE, which first estimates the spatial sensitivity maps, PROBER approximates the reconstruction coefficients directly by B-splines. Also, B-spline coefficients are estimated at once in order to minimize the reconstruction error instead of estimating the reconstruction in each pixel independently (as in SENSE). This makes the method robust to noise in reference images. No presmoothing of reference images is necessary. The number of estimated parameters is reduced, which speeds up the estimation process. PROBER was tested on simulated, phantom, and in vivo data. The results are compared with commercial implementations of the algorithms SENSE and GRAPPA (Generalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions) in terms of elapsed time and reconstruction quality. The experiments showed that PROBER is faster than GRAPPA and SENSE for images wider than 150x150 pixels for comparable reconstruction quality. With more basis functions, PROBER outperforms both SENSE and GRAPPA in reconstruction quality at the cost of slightly increased computational time. 相似文献
73.
Abstract The outcome of OLT for HBV-related liver disease is dependent on the prevention of allograft re-infection. Over the past decade, major advances have been made in the management of HBV transplant candidates. The advent of long-term hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) administration as a prophylaxis against HBV recurrence, and the introduction of new antiviral agents against HBV infection, such as lamivudine (LAM), were a major breakthrough in the management of these patients. Results of OLT for HBV infection are similar to those achieved with other indications. Pre-OLT antiviral treatment such as LAM can suppress HBV replication before OLT and thus decrease the risk of re-infection of the graft. Combination prophylaxis with LAM and HBIG after transplantation highly effectively reduces the rate of HBV re-infection, even in HBV replicative cirrhotic, patients. The optimal HBIG protocol in the LAM era is yet to be defined: dosing of HBIG, routes of administration, and possibility of stopping HBIG. Several antiviral drugs have been developed for the management of HBV infection on the graft, so outcome is currently good. 相似文献
74.
血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物不同表现模式及肝功能异常对肾移植受者存活率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物不同表现模式对肾移植受者长期存活的影响。方法 对 62例血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阳性者及 1 96例血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物全阴性者肾移植术后的肝功能、人肾均存活的存活率等指标进行随访和回顾性分析。结果 术后早期血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阳性组与血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阴性组比较 ,肝功能异常发生率的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ;术后中远期 ,HBsAg、HBeAg及抗 HBc阳性者的肝功能受损率明显高于血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物阴性组及HBsAg、抗 HBe、抗 HBc阳性者 (P <0 .0 5) ,其人肾均存活的存活率也最低 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 对HBsAg、抗 HBe及抗 HBc阳性者进行肾移植应慎重 ,而HBsAg、HBeAg及抗 HBc阳性者则不适宜接受肾移植 相似文献
75.
Akitoshi Yamada Yoshitaka Takeda Satoru Hayashi Kazuta Shimizu 《The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2003,51(9):456-458
We experienced a case of familial spontaneous pneumothorax in three generations. Six of 13 family members had episodes of
spontaneous pneumothorax. It is well established that there are some diseases associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA).
We performed HLA phenotyping for HLA of A, B and C. In our study, we detected the HLA haplotype A2, B61 in three of 4 who
had episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax. The HLA haplotype A2, B70 were also detected in three of 4 who had episodes. This
suggests that familial spontaneous pneumothorax might have hereditary factors. 相似文献
76.
目的了解急性重度眼烧伤的临床特点、预后及并发症发生情况。方法对笔者单位病案室保存的1977--2002年住院眼烧伤患者135例(155只眼)的病历进行回顾性统计分析。分析不同深度、原因眼烧伤的眼表修复率、修复时间、致盲情况及并发症。结果治疗后Ⅲ度眼烧伤的修复时间短于Ⅳ度眼烧伤,其修复率也明显高于Ⅳ度眼烧伤(P〈0.01);在不能修复的Ⅳ度眼烧伤中,酸烧伤致角膜穿孔6只眼,显著高于碱烧伤(1只眼,P〈0.05)。Ⅲ度眼烧伤视力≥0.05者有38只眼,〈0.05者51只眼;Ⅳ度眼烧伤视力≥0.05者0只眼,〈0.05着66只眼。78只酸、碱烧伤眼中,52只眼致盲,致盲率为66.7%;77只热烧伤眼中,65只眼致盲,致盲率为84.4%。Ⅲ度眼烧伤的并发症发生率低于Ⅳ度眼烧伤。其中Ⅲ度眼烧伤角膜穿孔、睑球粘连的发生率(1.1%、36.O%)均显著低于Ⅳ度眼烧伤(27.3%、59.1%,P〈0.01)。在酸烧伤患者中,角膜穿孔及睑外翻的发生率(29.2%、37.5%)较高。而热烧伤患者中眼睑球粘连的发生率(53.2%)较高。结论Ⅳ度眼烧伤伤后的预后差,致盲率高。目前的治疗方法尚不能完全改善其视功能及预后,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
77.
Fumonisins as a possible contributory risk factor for primary liver cancer: A 3-year study of corn harvested in Haimen, China, by HPLC and ELISA 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Y. Ueno K. Iijima S.-D. Wang Y. Sugiura M. Sekijima T. Tanaka C. Chen S.-Z. Yu 《Food and chemical toxicology》1997,35(12):1143-1150
Employing HPLC fluorometry, gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and a novel enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody, 40 corn samples, each collected in 1993 from agricultural stocks for human consumption in Haimen (Jiangsu County) and Penlai (Shandong Province), high- and low-risk areas for primary liver cancer (PLC) in China, respectively, were analysed for fumonisins (FBs), aflatoxins (AFs) and trichothecenes. Levels and positive rates of FBs and deoxynivalenol (DON) were significantly higher in Haimen than in Penlai. ELISA of the 40 corn samples harvested in the two areas in 1994 revealed that FB contamination levels and rates in these areas were comparable to those observed in 1993 in Haimen. ELISA analysis of 1993 and 1994 products revealed a wide occurrence of AFB1 but the positive rates as well as levels were not significantly different between these areas. ELISA of the same sample number of corn harvested in 1995 revealed that FB contamination in Haimen was significantly higher than in Penlai. These 3-yearly surveys of corn samples (240 in total) demonstrated that corn harvested in Haimen was highly contaminated with FBs and that the contamination level, as well as positive rate in 1993 and 1995, were 10–50-fold higher than those in Penlai, suggesting FBs as a risk factor for promotion of PLC in endemic areas, along with the trichothecene DON. Co-contamination with AFs, potent hepatocarcinogens, was assumed to play an important role in the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis. 相似文献
78.
P. V. Luoma A. Rautio J. Steng»rd E. A. Sotaniemi J. Marniemi 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1990,38(6):625-627
Summary Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, apolipoproteins, and plasma antipyrine clearance (AP-CL) rate, an index of liver microsomal enzyme activity, were determined in 21 healthy subjects. High HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations and HDL cholesterol/cholesterol and HDL2/HDL3 cholesterol ratios were associated with high AP-CL. Phenobarbital enhanced antipyrine elimination and increased the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio. Subjects who had high AP-CL had a more antiatherogenic HDL subfraction and apolipoprotein profile than those with low AP-CL. 相似文献
79.
以地高辛甙元随机引物法标记HBV-DNA探针,以此探针检测慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清、肝组织,同时以ELISA法检测血清HBeAg、HBcAb。结果:血清NBeAg阳性率27%(10/37),血清HBV-DNA检出率57.1%(20/35),两者有显著性差异。血清HBcAb阳性率78.4%(29/37),肝组织HBV-DNA检出率83.8%(31/37),两者无显著性差异。血清与肝组织HBV-DNA检出率有显著性差异。提示:血清HBV-DNA检测是较HBeAg更为准确客观反映血液带毒状况的指标。而准确反映肝脏带毒状况的指标是肝组织HBV-DNA检测。当HBeAg阴转,血清HBV-DNA阴性而肝组织HBV-DNA阳性时,需注意肝硬化及肝癌的发生。 相似文献
80.
活性炭纤维在地方性氟中毒方面的应用展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了活性炭纤维(ACFs)的制造,特性及其应用。它具有优异的结耕与性能特征。含碳量高,比表面积大,微孔丰富,从而吸附力强,而且活性炭纤维还可制成纱、布、毡等形状,它可用于去除燃煤氟中毒区室内空气中氟化氢、二氧化硫、氧化氮、氨等污染物,利用它的高吸附性能还可较好的去除饮水中的氟化物及其他有害物质。活性炭纤维是一种新型高效吸附材料。在氟中毒防治方面有广阔的前途。 相似文献