食品药品检验系统人才培养探析

目的：探讨食品药品检验系统人才培养相关问题。方法：通过分析当前食品药品检验机构人才发展现状与尚存问题,提出人才培养的措施建议。结果与结论：当前现状是学历层次较高、实践经验较强、结构趋于合理;人才培养尚存在的问题是缺少规划、全局观、开拓性。食品药品检验机构人才培养应该从宏观、中观、微观三个层面科学规划,分层实施;从注重管理、注重整体、注重实践三个方面实现人才培养的系统性与整体性。     

中国流动人口就医行为选择及其影响因素研究

背景　2017年我国流动人口规模达2.445亿,并由快速增长期逐渐进入调整期。流动人口医疗卫生服务供给与需求之间的结构性矛盾长期存在,其健康权益和医疗需求无法得到充分满足。目的　分析我国流动人口就医行为选择及其影响因素,为提高流动人口基本医疗服务可及性提供决策依据。方法　于2020年7月利用2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,筛选出≥1个月、≥16岁的流动人口169 989例纳入研究,基于 Andersen医疗卫生服务利用模型构建分析框架,采用逐步回归法构建Logistic模型以探析流动人口就医行为选择的影响因素。结果　纳入的169 989例流动人口的两周患病率为6.47%（10 996/169 989）,两周患病就诊率为59.38%（6 529/10 996）,其中基层医疗卫生机构就诊者占比65.46%（4 274/6 529）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,倾向特征（性别、年龄、文化程度）、流动特征（流动范围、流动时间、落户意愿）、使能资源（地区、城乡、到最近医疗机构时长、家庭人均年收入、医疗保险）和需求因素（自评健康、慢性病患病、健康档案）4方面14项指标是流动人口就医行为选择的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　流动人口就医主动性整体较差,基层医疗卫生机构就诊率较高。应尽快优化异地就医政策,构建距离科学的就医格局,并大力开展流动人口健康教育与健康促进项目,以引导其合理就医并理性选择就医机构。     

重症监护室医护人员对潮湿相关性皮肤损伤的知信行水平调查

目的：调查浙江温州地区三甲医院重症监护室医护人员对潮湿相关性皮肤损伤（MASD）的知信行现状,为提高监护室医护人员对MASD知信行水平提出切实可行的建议。方法：采用方便抽样法抽取三家三甲医院160名医护人员作为研究对象,通过一般资料调查表及MASD知信行调查问卷对其进行调查。结果：本研究共发放160份问卷,回收有效问卷共151份,有效回收率为94.38%。医护人员关于MASD知识、态度及行为的得分分别为（43.03±8.38）分、 （23.64±3.24）分和（13.98±3.16）分;不同工龄、职称、受教育程度医护人员知信行得分差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论： 重症监护室医护人员对MASD的态度较积极,知识水平偏低,行为尚欠缺。其中医师对于皮肤问题的重视程度较低,医护人员的合作意识欠缺,对此需开展针对性培训,提高医护人员相关理论知识及合作行为能力,规范MASD的预防及处理方法。     

Types, prevalence, and potential clinical significance of medication administration errors in assisted living

OBJECTIVES: To describe the types and potential clinical significance of medication administration errors in assisted living (AL).
DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study.
SETTING: This study was conducted in 12 AL settings in three states (Oregon, Washington, and New Jersey).
PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 29 unlicensed assistive personnel and 510 AL residents.
MEASUREMENTS: Medication administration observations, chart review, and determination of rates, types, and potential clinical significance of errors using standardized methodology.
RESULTS: Of 4,866 observations, 1,373 errors were observed (28.2% error rate). Of these, 70.8% were wrong time, 12.9% wrong dose, 11.1% omitted dose, 3.5% extra dose, 1.5% unauthorized drug, and 0.2% wrong drug. Excluding wrong time, the overall error rate dropped to 8.2%. Of the 1,373 errors, three were rated as having potential clinical significance.
CONCLUSION: A high number of daily medications are given in AL. Wrong time accounted for the majority of the errors. The bulk of the medications are low risk and routine; to promote optimal care delivery, clinicians need to focus on high-risk medications and residents with complex health problems.     

Examining individuals’ adoption of healthcare wearable devices: An empirical study from privacy calculus perspective

BackgroundWearable technology has shown the potential of improving healthcare efficiency and reducing healthcare cost. Different from pioneering studies on healthcare wearable devices from technical perspective, this paper explores the predictors of individuals’ adoption of healthcare wearable devices. Considering the importance of individuals’ privacy perceptions in healthcare wearable devices adoption, this study proposes a model based on the privacy calculus theory to investigate how individuals adopt healthcare wearable devices.MethodThe proposed conceptual model was empirically tested by using data collected from a survey. The sample covers 333 actual users of healthcare wearable devices. Structural equation modeling (SEM) method was employed to estimate the significance of the path coefficients.ResultsThis study reveals several main findings: (1) individuals’ decisions to adopt healthcare wearable devices are determined by their risk–benefit analyses (refer to privacy calculus). In short, if an individual’s perceived benefit is higher than perceived privacy risk, s/he is more likely to adopt the device. Otherwise, the device would not be adopted; (2) individuals’ perceived privacy risk is formed by health information sensitivity, personal innovativeness, legislative protection, and perceived prestige; and (3) individuals’ perceived benefit is determined by perceived informativeness and functional congruence. The theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are then discussed.     

Fall prevention intervention technologies: A conceptual framework and survey of the state of the art

In recent years, an ever increasing range of technology-based applications have been developed with the goal of assisting in the delivery of more effective and efficient fall prevention interventions. Whilst there have been a number of studies that have surveyed technologies for a particular sub-domain of fall prevention, there is no existing research which surveys the full spectrum of falls prevention interventions and characterises the range of technologies that have augmented this landscape. This study presents a conceptual framework and survey of the state of the art of technology-based fall prevention systems which is derived from a systematic template analysis of studies presented in contemporary research literature. The framework proposes four broad categories of fall prevention intervention system: Pre-fall prevention; Post-fall prevention; Fall injury prevention; Cross-fall prevention. Other categories include, Application type, Technology deployment platform, Information sources, Deployment environment, User interface type, and Collaborative function. After presenting the conceptual framework, a detailed survey of the state of the art is presented as a function of the proposed framework. A number of research challenges emerge as a result of surveying the research literature, which include a need for: new systems that focus on overcoming extrinsic falls risk factors; systems that support the environmental risk assessment process; systems that enable patients and practitioners to develop more collaborative relationships and engage in shared decision making during falls risk assessment and prevention activities. In response to these challenges, recommendations and future research directions are proposed to overcome each respective challenge.     

Automated population of an i2b2 clinical data warehouse from an openEHR-based data repository

BackgroundDetailed Clinical Model (DCM) approaches have recently seen wider adoption. More specifically, openEHR-based application systems are now used in production in several countries, serving diverse fields of application such as health information exchange, clinical registries and electronic medical record systems. However, approaches to efficiently provide openEHR data to researchers for secondary use have not yet been investigated or established.MethodsWe developed an approach to automatically load openEHR data instances into the open source clinical data warehouse i2b2. We evaluated query capabilities and the performance of this approach in the context of the Hanover Medical School Translational Research Framework (HaMSTR), an openEHR-based data repository.ResultsAutomated creation of i2b2 ontologies from archetypes and templates and the integration of openEHR data instances from 903 patients of a paediatric intensive care unit has been achieved. In total, it took an average of ∼2527 s to create 2.311.624 facts from 141.917 XML documents. Using the imported data, we conducted sample queries to compare the performance with two openEHR systems and to investigate if this representation of data is feasible to support cohort identification and record level data extraction.DiscussionWe found the automated population of an i2b2 clinical data warehouse to be a feasible approach to make openEHR data instances available for secondary use. Such an approach can facilitate timely provision of clinical data to researchers. It complements analytics based on the Archetype Query Language by allowing querying on both, legacy clinical data sources and openEHR data instances at the same time and by providing an easy-to-use query interface. However, due to different levels of expressiveness in the data models, not all semantics could be preserved during the ETL process.     

基于内容分析法的部分地区健康服务业政策比较研究

目的:探讨我国部分地区健康服务业政策特点与存在的主要问题,并提出相应政策建议。方法:从产业组织政策、产业结构政策、产业布局政策、产业技术政策等四方面,分析北京市、上海市、深圳市、杭州市、青岛市健康服务业相关政策内容。结果:调研地区通过转变政府职能、合理规划产业布局、提升关键技术水平、促进市场竞争和适度规模经济等多种措施,构建提供主体多元化、不同种类服务间相互补充促进的产业体系。结论:调研地区采取综合性产业政策等多种形式,提高健康服务业供给效率;积极推进以"公私合作"方式提供部分基本医疗卫生服务;依据地域垄断性进行健康服务业布局;健康服务业监管体系和管理方式有待完善。建议依据自身需求与产业基础,明确发展健康服务业的目的和重点;构建多元供给体系;进一步放宽直接行政规制,加强健康服务行业与政府的互动;结合医疗卫生服务体系规划,优化产业布局;完善产业技术政策,促进科技创新。