综合干预后血脂达标率调查

目的探讨综合干预措施对老年人血脂异常状况改善的价值。方法采用国际标准化心血管流行病学调查方法,对辖区内离退休老干部进行心血管危险因素调查;对该人群进行健康教育,并对每一个体进行危险评估、个体化用药指导,并跟踪随访。结果(1)本研究人群是多重危险因素高度聚集的心血管疾病群体,冠心病及等危症者占69.81%;(2)经过3年的综合干预,他汀类药物的服用率由14.48%上升到22.32%;高TC血症治疗达标率由27.00%上升至63.78%;高LDL-C控制率由19.79%上升到63.65%;TC与LDL-C的达标率都有显著增高(P<0.01);TG的达标率无显著变化。结论健康教育和根据危险分层确定个体化治疗方案相结合的综合干预,能够明显提高高胆固醇血症老年患者的血脂达标率。     

健康教育干预在慢性病防治中的作用

目的探讨健康教育干预在慢性病防治中的作用。方法根据干部体检结果,对该人群采取了健康教育干预,尤其对其中确诊的812例高血压、753例心电图异常、691例高脂血症、289例糖尿病、218例糖耐量异常及143例高尿酸血症患者(以上称慢病跟踪组)进行了规范化管理和治疗,2年后复检,并对有关项目的检查进行对比。结果干预后该人群高血压、心电图异常、高脂血症、糖尿病及糖耐量异常的发生明显下降,χ2值分别为7.32、4.36、7.53、7.63、8.35(P<0.01、0.05);慢病跟踪组通过行为加药物的干预性治疗,高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病等平均控制达标率为80%以上。结论健康教育干预是预防慢性病的重要策略和有效手段。     

Evaluating and understanding combination therapy decision drivers for the treatment of overactive bladder in the United States

ObjectiveTo understand factors guiding overactive bladder (OAB) therapy selection and experience with combination therapy (antimuscarinics and beta-3 agonists).MethodsCross-sectional surveys of OAB patients and OAB-treating physicians in the USA were conducted. Patients receiving monotherapy with antimuscarinics were categorized by OAB treatment history: monotherapy only; third-line procedures (e.g., onabotulinumtoxinA injections) and combination therapy; third-line therapy only; and combination therapy only. The patient survey assessed therapy choice drivers and barriers, treatment satisfaction and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. The physician survey assessed drivers of and barriers to OAB treatment choices.ResultsOf 200 patients, 86.5% reported involvement in treatment decision-making; doctor’s recommendation was the most frequently considered factor (84.4%). Most patients (71%) were unaware of combination therapy. The primary reason why those patients aware of combination therapy had not used it (N = 43/200; 21%) was physician recommendation of other treatments (69.8%). For physicians (N = 50), the most frequently considered factors when prescribing OAB treatment were effectiveness (92.0%) and side effects (84.0%); 70% prescribed combination therapy, primarily for symptom severity (82.9%). The main reasons for not prescribing combination therapy were cost/insurance coverage (80%) and lack of information (53.3%).ConclusionsShared decision-making guided treatment decisions; the main considerations were treatment safety and efficacy.     

类风湿性关节炎患者健康相关生命质量评价及其影响因素

目的 探讨类风湿性关节炎（RA）住院患者健康相关生命质量（HRQoL）评分及其影响因素。 方法 采用欧洲五维度五水平健康量表（EQ-5D-5L）及自编问卷对 2023 年 4~9 月安徽中医药大学第一附属医院风湿免疫科收治的 200 例 RA 住院患者进行HRQoL 调查,EQ-5D-5L 量表中健康描述系统及视觉模拟标尺（EQ-VAS）分别用于测量 RA 患者健康效用值及整体健康状态,采用单因素分析、Tobit 多因素回归分析影响 RA 患者 HRQoL 的因素。 结果 共收集 190 份有效问卷,有效回收率 95%。RA 患者健康效用值为（0.77±0.25）,EQ-VAS 评分为（76.44±43.65）分,其健康问题多集中于“行动能力”和“疼痛或不适”两个维度。Tobit 多因素回归分析显示,文化程度低（P=0.042,95%CI：0.032~0.143）与吸烟（P=0.013,95%CI：-0.154~-0.019）是 RA 患者 HRQoL 的危险因素。 结论 RA患者 HRQoL 与 EQ-VAS 较一般人群相比情况尚可,但仍存在健康效用值较低的问题,其中文化程度低与吸烟的患者 HRQoL 较差。     

多方式下延续性护理对慢性非萎缩性胃炎患者出院后健康素养、生活质量和复诊率的影响

目的研究多方式下延续性护理对慢性非萎缩性胃炎(CNAG)患者出院后健康素养、生活质量和复诊率的影响。方法选择本院2018年10月至2019年6月诊治的94例CNAG患者作为研究对象,采用信封随机法将患者均分为延续组和常规组,各47例,前者给予多方式下延续性护理,后者给予常规护理。均干预6个月.,比较两组患者健康素养、生活质量以及复诊率。结果干预后两组患者健康素养分值均较干预前显著上升.,延续组患者上升幅度较常规组更显著(P<005);延续组.患者生理功能、生理职能、活力、精神健康、躯体疼痛、总体健康评分均显著高于常.规组(P<005),而情感职能、社会功能与常规组相比差异不显著(P>005);延续组患者复诊率显著高于常规组,但再就诊率与常规组相比差异不显著(P>005)。结论多方式延续性护理可有效提高CNAG患者的健康素养和生活质量,提高复诊率。     

Medical visits of childhood cancer survivors in Japan: A cross‐sectional survey

Background: Although more children with cancer continue to be cured, these survivors experience various late effects. Details of the medical visit behaviors of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Methods: In order to examine medical visits in the past and future of CCS, we performed a cross‐sectional survey with self‐rating questionnaires on medical visits of CCS compared with control groups (their siblings and the general population). Results: Questionnaires were completed by 185 CCS, 72 of their siblings and 1000 subjects from the general population and the results were analyzed. Mean ages at this survey and the duration after therapy completions of CCS were 23 and 12 years, respectively. We found that the previous treatment hospitals (where CCS were treated for their cancer) were the most commonly visited medical facilities for the CCS group (74% for female patients and 64% for male patients) and more than half of the CCS preferred to continue visiting the previous treatment hospital with enough satisfaction in Japan. The multivariate analysis showed that female sex and relapse were significantly associated with the past visits to the previous treatment hospital and that the CCS with brain tumors or bone/soft tissue sarcomas and CCS with any late effects tended to continue the relationships with the hospital. In addition female sex was also significantly associated with desired future visits to the previous treatment hospital. On the other hand, the married CCS tended to be disinclined to visit the hospital it in the future. Conclusions: In order to optimize risk‐based care and promote health for CCS after adulthood, we should discuss the medical transition with CCS and their parents.     

青岛崂山二中新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎高发病原因调查

目的了解青岛市崂山二中新疆班高中学生急性阑尾炎高发病的原因,对实施预防干预及提高群体健康水平提供依据。方法设计流行病学调查表,收集青岛地区新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎发病相关资料,进行整理分析。结果2002～2005年急性阑尾炎平均年发病率为2.24%(30/1338),明显高于青岛本地班学生(P<0.01);2006～2007平均年发病率为0.67%(5/750),较前几年明显下降(P<0.01)。饮食因素、生活方式、自然地理变迁及种族因素对高发病起到重要作用。结论青岛地区新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎高发病率是自然地理、社会地理以及医学地理因素综合作用的结果。     

维吾尔医治疗稳定型心绞痛回顾性调查分析

目的回顾调查新疆5家维吾尔医医院10年来稳定型心绞痛的诊疗资料,总结分析维吾尔医治疗原则和方法、用药原则和种类、非药物治疗方法、疗效判断、护理措施等。方法收集1999-2008年新疆维吾尔自治区5家维吾尔医医院确诊为稳定型心绞痛并接受住院治疗的356例患者住院病历,以治疗、护理、疗效学资料为调查内容,进行回顾性调查,统计分析并总结。结果使用较多的药物为白里海密(黏液质)、赛危达依(黑胆质)、蒙孜吉(成熟剂),通用型木斯合力(清除剂)艾皮提蒙糖浆、库克亚片,内服药物有养心达瓦依米西克、爱维心颗粒等,并维吾尔医特色饮食和生活护理。356例中,痊愈10例(2.81%),显效89例(25.00%),有效118例(33.15%),无效9例(2.53%),病情稳定7例(1.97%),123例(34.55%)无疗效判断结果。结论由于引起稳定型心绞痛的原因、诱因及患者密杂吉不同,所采取的治疗、护理方法不一样,突出了个体化治疗方法,传统的维吾尔医治疗安全有效。     

血瘀证量化诊断流行病学调查数据的判别分析

目的:运用统计学方法研究对于血瘀证诊断具有较好区分能力的诊断方法和诊断标准。方法:在现代流行病学原则指导下进行血瘀证诊断的多中心、大样本临床资料收集,对其结果进行判别分析处理。结果:对75个变量进行 35步的逐步判别,共有33个项目进入方程,由此建立了血瘀型和非血瘀型的判别函数,并对33个自变量对血瘀证判别的贡献度进行区分。并对2004例患者进行了对判别结果的回顾性检验,总预测正确率为91.6%。结论:逐步判别分析可筛选出对鉴别两类具有不同属性的人群有较大贡献的条目,从而使其结果具有较好的区分度。