河池地区农村留守儿童主观幸福感研究

目的了解农村留守儿童主观幸福感及其影响因素,为提高农村留守儿童主观幸福感提供相关依据。方法采用青少年主观幸福感量表和自编量表,对农村留守儿童442名和非留守儿童434名进行问卷调查。结果农村留守儿童与非留守儿童在生活满意度和积极情感体验上差异有统计学意义,在消极情感体验上差异无统计学意义。多元回归分析显示,农村留守儿童留守时间、与外出父母交流频次、家庭经济状况、学习成绩、兄弟姐妹个数、朋友个数等因素影响其主观幸福感。结论与非留守儿童相比,农村留守儿童生活满意度较低,但农村留守儿童体验到更多的积极情感。     

基层党政干部的幸福感结构研究

目的:构建基层党政干部的幸福感结构模型.方法:通过深度访谈和开放式问卷收集项目,编制基层党政干部的幸福感量表,并对855名被试进行调查.结果:探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明,基层党政干部的幸福感由七个因素构成:融洽顺心、事业亲情、家庭幸福、自我实现、自信乐观、子女成长以及社会安定.信度检验结果α系数在0.82-0.93之间.所有项目的鉴别度均在0.30-0.70之间.结论:基层党政干部的幸福感量表具有良好的信度和效度指标,可以用于相关的研究.     

军队离退休干部社会支持度与幸福度相关研究

目的：探讨军队离退休干部社会支持度与其老年幸福度的关系,以期提高军队离退休干部的幸福程度。方法：利用社会支持评定量表及老年幸福度量表共同对324名军队离退休干部进行评估。结果：社会支持总分与老年幸福度总分及各因子分均存在相关关系;不同的社会支持等级对于其幸福度总分及正性体验存在显著的影响;拥有较多社会支持的受测者的幸福度总分要显著高于拥有一般及较少的社会支持的受测者;男性与女性干部在幸福度总分没有差异,但是女性的负性情感因子分要显著高于男性;受测者的年龄与其幸福度之间不存在明显的关系。结论：军队离退休干部的社会支持度与其老年幸福度存在相关性,加强社会支持度可增强其幸福度。     

Perspectives on the Happiness of Community-Dwelling Elderly in Korea

ObjectiveA community survey was performed to investigate the factors and perspectives associated with happiness among the elderly in Korea (≥60 years).MethodsEight hundred volunteers selected from participants in the Ansan Geriatric study (AGE study) were enrolled, and 706 completed the survey. The Happiness Questionnaire (HQ), which asks four questions about happiness, was administered. To explore the relationship between happiness and depression, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) also were administered.ResultsThe participants'' average level of happiness, determined using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) of the HQ, was 64.7±26.0. The happiest situations for most people were "getting together with family" (23.8%) and "living in peace with family members (well-being)" (13.2%). Frequent reasons for not being happy were "worsened health condition" (28.7% of the not-happy group), "economic problems of their own" (16.5%), and "economic problems of their children" (14.8%). The participants'' choices regarding the essential conditions for happiness were "good health" (65.3%) and "being with family" (20.5%). The BDI and GDS scores were negatively related to the happiness score. A preliminary scale [Happy (Haeng-Bok, 幸福) aging scale] based on the HQ for measuring the happiness level of the Korean elderly was suggested for follow-up studies.ConclusionThe most important factors determining the happiness of the community-dwelling elderly in Korea were good family relationships, economic stability, and good health. A higher depression score negatively impacted happiness among Korean elders. Further studies on the factors in their happiness are required.     

基于赋能教育的家庭访视对居家康复精神分裂症患者精神病性症状、自我管理能力及幸福感的影响

目的 探讨基于赋能教育的家庭访视对居家康复精神分裂症患者精神病性症状、自我管理能力及幸福感的影响。方法 采用简单随机抽样法,于2021年1月-7月选取在宜宾市菜坝镇区域管理、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准、正在居家康复的精神分裂症患者87例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为试验组(n=43)和对照组(n=44)。两组均接受常规家庭访视,试验组在此基础上接受基于赋能教育的家庭访视,两组干预周期均为6个月。分别在干预前和干预后,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、精神分裂症患者自我管理量表(SSMIS)和幸福感指数量表(IWB)评定两组患者的精神病性症状严重程度、自我管理能力和幸福感。结果 干预后,组内比较显示,试验组BPRS评分低于干预前(t=4.550,P<0.01),两组SSMIS评分均高于干预前(t=-17.107、-6.367,P均<0.01),试验组IWB评分高于干预前(t=-9.239,P<0.01);组间比较显示,试验组BPRS评分低于对照组,SSMIS和IWB评分均高于对照组(t=-3.899、10.564、9.690,P均<...     

Life Satisfaction of US-trained Dental Specialists in Taiwan

ObjectiveA large number of residents in US advanced specialty education programmes are foreign-trained dentists. When faced with the career dilemma of applying for US residency training, foreign-trained dentists may wonder whether it is worth proceeding along that path. In addiditon, studies capturing benefits from receiving US residency training are rare. Therefore, this study compared the life satisfaction amongst 3 dentist groups in Taiwan (ie, US-trained specialists, Taiwan-trained specialists, and general dentists).MethodsCross-sectional surveys were distributed to dentists currently residing in Taiwan. Participants were surveyed about demographic information, career-related information, and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was measured with a structured Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Nonparametric bivariate analyses and multivariable adjusted generalised linear model (GLM) were used to examine the differences between mean SWLS scores and examined variables. We included 134 US-trained specialists, 134 Taiwan-trained specialists, and 134 general dentists matched for age, sex, and marital status.ResultsWith the mean age of 51.4 ± 10.8 years old, specialists had significantly higher mean life satisfaction scores than general dentists. US-trained specialists had significantly higher mean life satisfaction scores than Taiwan-trained specialists when health and family relationships were not considered. Career-rated factors (eg, spending more clinical hours with patients, having more expenses related to continuing education, publishing more peer-reviewed articles, and being a frequent speaker) were not associated with better life satisfaction.ConclusionsUS-trained specialists were more likely to be satisfied with their lives than Taiwan-trained specialists and general dentists. However, health and social relationships contribute more to dentists’ life satisfaction than do career-rated factors.     

Measuring happiness in individuals with profound multiple disabilities

This quantitative study assessed whether presentation of preferred items and activities during multiple periods of the day (and over multiple days) increased indices of happiness (over time/sustained) in individuals with PMD. A multiple baseline design across participants was utilized to measure changes in indices of happiness of the participants. Participants were recruited from an adult day activity program specializing in providing assistance to individuals with disabilities. For Mary, baseline indices of happiness were 26.67% of intervals, increasing 6.76% during intervention to 33.43%. For Caleb, baseline indices of happiness were 20.84% of intervals, increasing 6.34% during intervention to 27.18%. For Mark, baseline indices of happiness were 40.00% of intervals, increasing 12.75% during intervention to 52.75%. Overall interobserver agreement was 82.8%, with interobserver agreement observations occurring during 63.04% of the observations. The results of the investigation demonstrated that presenting preferred items and activities increased the indices of happiness compared to baseline rates of indices of happiness. Results may have been more robust if the participants were assessed for overall responsiveness patterns prior to the initiation of measurement of indices of happiness.     

Happy life expectancy and correlates of happiness among older adults in South Africa

Objectives: This paper examines factors associated with happiness and to estimate happy life expectancy for older people in South Africa.

Methods: The study uses data from the first wave of the Study on Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey, which is a nationally representative population-based survey with a sample of 3,840 individuals aged 50 years and above. The Sullivan method and multivariate linear regression analysis were used in the analysis.

Results: The prevalence of happiness was the same for men (55.5%) and women (55.4%) at the youngest of the age groups (50–59). However, this prevalence was higher in men than women across older ages. Women demonstrated longer life expectancy and happy life expectancy, but also unhappy life expectancy, compared to men, across all the ages. However, men had greater proportions of happy life expectancies compared to women. In multivariate analysis, wealth status, health, activity limitation, race and age were significantly associated with happiness among men and women.

Conclusions: Gender disparities in happiness are demonstrated in this study. It is important to understand the factors that promote happiness in older people as this may point to areas that need intervention for improving overall quality of life.     

叔本华痛苦哲学视阈的幸福观

叔本华基于痛苦哲学视阈,对幸福的性质、衡量幸福的标准、影响幸福的因素和构建幸福的路径进行了独到的论述,提出了否定性的幸福观。叔本华的幸福观对于人们避免浮躁心理、培养健康人格和构建和谐社会具有重要的启示意义。