Rosa Damascena oil improved methadone-related sexual dysfunction in females with opioid use disorder under methadone maintenance therapy – results from a double-blind,randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundMethadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is provided to patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, as with all opioids, methadone impacts negatively on sexual function. To counter this, Rosa Damascena oil (RDO) has been used successfully for opioid-dependent male patients under MMT and with methadone-related sexual dysfunction (MRSD). In the present study, we tested the possible influence of RDO on sexual function and sex hormones of opioid-dependent female patients undergoing MMT and with MRSD.MethodsFifty female patients (mean age: 38.8 years) diagnosed with OUD, undergoing MMT and with MRSD were randomly assigned either to the RDO or the placebo condition. At baseline, patients completed questionnaires covering socio-demographic and OUD-related information. At baseline, and four and eight weeks later they additionally completed questionnaires on sexual function and happiness. Blood samples to assess thyroid hormones, prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol levels were taken at baseline and eight weeks later (end of the study).ResultsOver time sexual function and happiness increased, but more so in the RDO condition than in the placebo condition. Over time, prolactin decreased, and progesterone, and estradiol increased, but again more so in the RDO condition. Sex hormone levels and sexual function were statistically unrelated.ConclusionsResults from this double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that opioid-dependent females undergoing MMT and with MRDS did benefit from RDO administration, as sexual function and happiness increased, and female sexual hormone levels changed in positive directions.     

中学生主观幸福感及其影响因素分析

目的了解中学生主观幸福感及其影响因素,为提出相应的干预策略提供科学依据。方法分层整群抽取江西省某市2所初中、1所高中和入户调查18个自然村共2 335名中学生,采用青少年主观幸福感量表进行调查。结果中学生的总体幸福感处于中等水平,学业满意度最低。性别和是否寄宿影响主观幸福感的大部分维度,且方向不同;独生子女的半数维度得分高于非独生子女。家庭居住地影响友谊、家庭、学校和环境满意度,家庭结构影响友谊、家庭、学校、生活满意度、积极情感和总体幸福感,是否留守影响环境满意度和消极情感;家庭社会经济地位影响友谊和学业满意度。初中生的积极情感、生活满意度和总体幸福感得分随年级增长而逐渐下降,高中生恰好相反,初二、高二学生体验到最低的消极情感;随着学习成绩的提高,积极情感、生活满意度和总体幸福感均逐渐增加,消极情感逐渐减少。结论学生的总体幸福感处于中等水平。在选择措施时,应根据人群的不同特征采取不同干预措施。     

Differential item and test functioning methodology indicated that item response bias was not a substantial cause of country differences in mental well-being

ObjectivesEstablishing the cross-cultural equivalence of the mental well-being construct, as measured with the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), by studying potential construct validity biases in two countries with previously reported score differences.Study Design and SettingWe compared the WEMWBS total scores and item responses in Scotland (N = 779) and Catalonia (N = 1,900) general population samples. To assess whether the questionnaire spuriously favored higher scores in Catalonia, we tested for differential item functioning (DIF) by applying ordinal logistic regression on Item Response Theory scores. DIF was tested with likelihood ratio tests and standard effect measures (McFadden Pseudo R², >0.13; relative parameter change, >5%), and differential test functioning (DTF) was tested by plotting differences between full-test and purified (i.e., without DIF items) score estimates.ResultsCatalonia showed higher levels of mental well-being than Scotland (Cohen d = 0.84). Three of 14 WEMWBS items showed small amounts of DIF. DIF did not accrue to DTF, as shown by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 0.999) and case-by-case differences (maximum, 0.12 SD) between total and purified scores. Population differences remained mainly constant across sociodemographics and health outcomes.ConclusionThe WEMWBS measures a distinct well-being construct that is stable across countries, implying that Scotland and Catalonia populations are effectively different in the distribution of mental well-being. This result adds to previous psychometric information and supports WEMWBS as a valid unbiased measures for individual and cross-cultural comparisons.     

居家护理高龄老人家属幸福度调查及影响因素分析

目的探讨居家护理高龄老人家属的幸福度及影响因素,为制定有效的干预方案提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取某社区150名居家护理高龄老人家属,以自行设计的问卷和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUN-SH)为测量工具进行单因素相关分析。结果家属平均幸福度为(30.8±6.7)分,家属的幸福度与高龄老人的交友、打电话、老人参加活动、老人与家属聊天均呈正相关(P<0.05);与家庭月均收入、老人洗漱洗澡自理、睡眠状况、饮食自理、排便自理均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论居家护理高龄老人家属的幸福度不高。加强政府对居家养老措施的扶持,改善老人的生理、心理状况可以提升其家属的幸福度。     

The effects of smoking and abstinence on experience of happiness and sadness in response to positively valenced, negatively valenced, and neutral film clips

Incentive motivation theories of addiction suggest that behavioural concomitants of compromised mesocorticolimbic reward activity during abstinence might include decreased affective reactions to natural reinforcers. This study tested implications for hedonic reactions in abstinent smokers. It was hypothesised that positively valenced (pleasurable) film clips would elicit lower ratings of happiness in abstinent than satiated smokers. Twenty-nine smokers, randomly assigned to either an 'abstinent' or a 'satiated' condition, and 15 non-smokers took part in a single session in which they rated (i) signs and symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and (ii) affective responses to positively valenced, negatively valenced, and neutral film clips. Compared with satiated smokers, abstinent smokers rated positive clips as eliciting significantly lower levels of happiness, and this was independent of self-reported nicotine withdrawal symptoms; the scores of non-smokers fell between those of abstinent and satiated smokers, more closely approximating those of the latter. By contrast, sadness ratings in response to negative clips were not affected by smoking status, indicating that the effect on happiness was not simply due to general emotional blunting. These results suggest that, for regular smokers, stimuli that are motivationally salient for the general population may elicit reduced positive affective responses during periods of abstinence.     

护理在校生及实习生睡眠质量、生活质量和主观幸福感调查分析

目的调查分析护理在校生及实习生睡眠质量、生活质量与主观幸福感的情况。方法 325名护理在校生及实习生参与本研究,采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep Quality Index,PSQI)、生活质量综合评定问卷(General Qualityof Life Inventory,GQOL-I)、总体幸福感量表(General Well-Being Schedule,GWBS)进行评估。结果 17.11%的被调查者有睡眠质量问题,两组被试的PSQI总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),在读学生睡眠质量显著高于实习护士。实习护士GQOL-I总分、躯体功能、心理功能及社会功能评分显著低于在读学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而两组物质生活评分差异无统计性意义(P>0.05)。在读学生GWBS评分均高于实习护士,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相关分析显示,护士睡眠质量下降与生活质量总分及总体幸福感总分因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论护理实习生睡眠质量较差,其生活质量、主观幸福感已受到负面影响。     

伤残军人的心理状况与幸福度的典型相关分析研究

采用ＳＣＬ－９０和ＭＵＮＳＨ量表对８５１名伤残军人的心理状况和幸福度进行了调查，并用典型相关分析探讨了心理状况与幸福度的关系。结果显示，强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、偏执因子与一般正性体检呈负相关，与负性情感、一般负性体检呈下相关。躯体体、敌对因子与一般正性体验呈负性相关。提示改善伤残军人的心理状况，有利于提高其幸福度。建议对伤残军人开展健康教育，以改善其生命质量。     

临终关怀与幸福悖论

“善终照顾的是人，而不是病：它突出质量；而不是寿命”，基于这种理念的临终关怀，旨在于帮助生命末期病人获得“幸福”。在临床实践中，医务人员或家属往往会陷入“提升质量”和“延长生命”的两难选择困境。探索走出这种困境的有效方案，不仅有助于病人获得“幸福”，也有助于临终关怀事业的健康发展。