从社会风险谈人民身心健康与幸福感

社会风险频发构成人类现代化进程的一大特征。不管是自然性风险、人为性风险，还是综合性风险，都会在客观上给人民的生命安全带来威胁，给正常的生活带来麻烦，在主观上给受害者心理投下阴影，带来苦痛和恐慌，都在不同程度上影响人民的身心健康和幸福感受。只有通过一系列合理的措施和科学的办法才能化解和降低社会风险，真正呵护人民健康，提升人民幸福生活的质感。     

The U-shape without controls: A response to Glenn

This paper is a continuation of results reported in our article “Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle?” (Blanchflower & Oswald, 2008). It provides new evidence that well-being follows a curve through life. We use data on half a million randomly sampled individuals across eight major European nations. Importantly, we show that in this set of countries there is a U-shape even in unadjusted data, that is, without the inclusion of control variables. But we also advise against a focus on elementary bivariate associations.     

Consumption of Dietary Guidelines for Americans Types and Amounts of Vegetables Increases Mean Subjective Happiness Scale Scores: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundThe health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables (FV) are well established. Recent observational and intervention research suggests that FV consumption may also exert a positive effect on psychological well-being.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess changes in mean Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) scores in response to consuming 2010-2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommended types and amounts of vegetables. It was hypothesized that increased vegetable consumption would increase mean SHS scores.DesignThis study investigated a secondary outcome of a randomized, parallel, nonblinded controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group.Participants/settingMen and women (n = 75) aged 18 to 65 years, body mass index ≥ 25, with low habitual vegetable consumption were recruited from Grand Forks, North Dakota, December 2016 to January 2018, for this community-based study.InterventionThe vegetable intervention consisted of an 8-week feeding phase during which participants were provided with vegetables in DGA-recommended types and amounts. The attention control group was not provided vegetables but completed the same testing schedule as the vegetable intervention group.Main outcome measureMean SHS scores were assessed before and after the intervention.Statistical analysesMean SHS scores were analyzed using a 2-way factorial mixed linear model analysis of variance.ResultsA significant interaction between treatment and visit (P = .015) revealed greater mean SHS scores at week 8 than at baseline in the vegetable intervention group (+0.23 ± 0.11) (mean difference ± SE of the difference) but no change in the attention control group (?0.15 ± 0.11).ConclusionsGreater mean SHS scores were observed after increasing vegetable consumption to meet DGA recommendations, suggesting that adhering to DGA vegetable guidance may help promote psychological well-being.     

大学生网络社会支持与网络社区归属感的关系：网络虚拟幸福感的中介效应

目的：考察大学生网络社会支持与网络社区归属感的关系,并探讨网络虚拟幸福感在其中的中介作用。方法：采用青少年网络社会支持量表,大学生网络社区归属感问卷,大学生虚拟幸福感问卷对450名大学生进行测查。结果：①大学生网络社会支持能够显著正向预测网络社区归属感（β＝0．58,P＜0．001）;②大学生网络虚拟幸福感能够显著正向预测网络社区归属感（β＝0．52,P＜0．001）;③大学生网络虚拟幸福感在网络社会支持与网络社区归属感之间起部分中介作用,且部分中介作用占44．6％;④优势分析发现,网络社会支持比网络虚拟幸福感更能有效预测网络社区归属感（57．7％＞42．2％）。结论：大学生网络社会支持不仅直接影响网络社区归属感,而且通过网络虚拟幸福感的中介作用影响网络社区归属感。     

Assessment of positive functioning in clinical psychology: Theoretical and practical issues

Positive psychology has led to an increasing emphasis on the promotion of positive functioning in clinical psychology research and practice, raising issues of how to assess the positive in clinical setting. Three key considerations are presented. First, existing clinical measures may already be assessing positive functioning, if positive and negative functioning exist on a single continuum (such as on bipolar dimensions from happiness to depression, and from anxiety to relaxation). Second, specific measures of positive functioning (e.g., eudemonic well-being) could be used in conjunction with existing clinical scales. Third, completely different measures would be needed depending on whether well-being is defined as emotional or medical functioning, or as humanistically orientated growth (e.g., authenticity). It is important that clinical psychologists introduce positive functioning into their research and practice in order to widen their armoury of therapeutic interventions, but in doing so researchers and practitioners need also to be aware that they are shifting the agenda of clinical psychology. As such, progress in clinical psychology moving toward the adoption of positive functioning requires reflection on epistemological foundations.     

External and Internal Factors Influencing Happiness in Elite Collegiate Athletes

When under conditions of high demand and allostatic load, are happiness and satisfaction in four domains (family, friends, academics, recreation) influenced more by external or internal factors? Do student-athletes who lead exceedingly complicated lives report happiness as a function of athletic achievement or internal disposition? Stanford student-athletes (N = 140) were studied with a standardized questionnaire which examined internal factors ((1) locus of control, (2) mindfulness, (3) self-restraint, and (4) self-esteem) to see whether they better account for happiness than external factors (playing time, scholarship). As predicted, internal factors were more powerful correlates of happiness when holding constant demographics. Regression models differed for different aspects of happiness, but the main postulated result of internal versus external was maintained throughout. These findings have implications for how well athletes cope with adversity which, in turn, could shed light on the development of traits that may provide a buffer against adversity and build resilience.     

The cerebellum and emotional experience

While the role of the cerebellum in motor coordination is widely accepted, the notion that it is involved in emotion has only recently gained popularity. To date, functional neuroimaging has not been used in combination with lesion studies to elucidate the role of the cerebellum in the processing of emotional material. We examined six participants with cerebellar stroke and nine age and education matched healthy volunteers. In addition to a complete neuropsychological, neurologic, and psychiatric examination, participants underwent [15O]water positron emission tomography (PET) while responding to emotion-evoking visual stimuli. Cerebellar lesions were associated with reduced pleasant experience in response to happiness-evoking stimuli. Stroke patients reported an unpleasant experience to frightening stimuli similar to healthy controls, yet showed significantly lower activity in the right ventral lateral and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and retrosplenial cingulate gyrus. Frightening stimuli led to increased activity in the ventral medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, pulvinar, and insular cortex. This suggests that alternate neural circuitry became responsible for maintaining the evolutionarily critical fear response after cerebellar damage.     

浅析体育在和谐社会构建中对幸福的作用

构建社会主义和谐社会，现实意义是为了使人们获得普遍幸福。体育能够使人们获得快乐体验。另一方面，体育以其特性，对促进和谐社会建设起到积极作用，并进一步对人们获得幸福人生产生一定的影响。     

不同绩效公务员行为模式、自我接纳和幸福感的相关分析

目的探讨不同绩效考核公务员的行为模式、自我接纳及幸福感的特征及相关关系。方法采用C型行为量表、自我接纳问卷以及纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度问卷对杭州市级单位部分年度考核优秀与不合格的2组公务员分别进行问卷调查。结果(1)考核不合格公务员在C型行为量表的焦虑、抑郁分量表得分分别为(42.77±9.55)分和(42.68±8.59)分,明显高于考核优秀公务员(P<0.05);乐观得分为(21.79±3.74)分,明显低于考核优秀的公务员[(23.89±3.76)分]。(2)考核不合格组自我接纳问卷得分明显低于考核优秀组(P<0.05);(3)考核不合格组主观幸福度明显低于考核优秀组(P<0.05);(4)C型行为模式与自我接纳、主观幸福感之间有明显相关(r=-0.688～0.669,P<0.05或P<0.01)结论考核不合格公务员具有焦虑、抑郁、低乐观等C型行为特征,与低自我接纳和低幸福感关系密切。     

河南省大学生家庭沟通模式与应对方式和幸福感的相关研究

目的研究大学生家庭沟通模式、类型及其与应对方式、幸福感之间的关系，为大学生的心理健康发展提供依据。方法采用家庭沟通形式量表、简易应对方式问卷和幸福感指数量表对河南省1135名大学生进行调查。结果不同性别、学校类型、父母教育程度的大学生其家庭沟通模式差异有统计学意义；大学生家庭沟通模式与其应对方式、幸福感呈显著相关；大学生家庭沟通的类型不同，应对方式、幸福感得分也具有较大差异，且差异有统计学意义。结论观念定向沟通对大学生的应对方式和幸福感有积极影响，而关系定向沟通则有消极影响；多元型沟通和一致型沟通的大学生更倾向于进行积极应对并体验到更多的幸福感。