高安市高中生主观幸福感与家庭功能关系

目的了解江西省某市高中生主观幸福感状况及其与家庭功能之间的关系,从家庭功能的角度为改善心理健康状况提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,利用青少年主观幸福感量表和家庭功能评定量表对江西省某市1 152名高中生进行调查。结果高中生的总体幸福感处于中等水平(4.10±0.60)。主观幸福感各维度与家庭功能的各维度间均显著相关,家庭功能可以预测主观幸福感水平。结论家庭功能对高中生主观幸福感具有较大的影响。家庭功能健康的高中生更有可能体验到较高水平的幸福感。     

组织支持感对中小学教师幸福感与工作倦怠的影响

目的:探讨组织支持感对中小学教师幸福感与工作倦怠的影响。方法:采用组织支持感量表、教师幸福感问卷和工作倦怠量表对266名中小学教师进行测查。结果:组织支持感与幸福感各维度存在显著的正相关;组织支持感与工作倦怠各维度之间存在显著的负相关。结论:中小学教师的组织支持感对其幸福感和工作倦怠具有一定的预测作用。     

Poor sleep in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury: associations with pain,health, and activity

Objective: To investigate medical complications that increase risk for poor sleep in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the relation of poor sleep to psychosocial outcomes.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study of individuals with pediatric-onset SCI interviewed between 2011–2015. Participants were recruited from a pediatric specialty hospital and answered questions about demographics, injury characteristics, pain, and medical complications and completed standardized outcome measures, including: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SF12v2 Health Survey, Craig Handicap Assessment and Recording Technique (CHART), and Subjective Happiness Scale.

Results: The study included 180 participants between the ages of 19 and 51 (M=34.20 y; SD=7.28) who sustained their SCI before the age of 19 (M=13.48y; SD=4.59). Participants were predominantly male (62%) and Caucasian (84%). A majority had tetraplegia (56%) and complete injuries (74%). Poor sleep occurred with greater frequency in those with tetraplegia and who were unemployed. Neck (OR=2.80, P?=?0.001), shoulder (OR=2.15, P?=?0.011), arm (OR=3.06, P?=?0.004), and lower extremity pain (OR=2.72, P?=?0.004) were associated with increased risk of poor sleep. In a logistic regression analysis, chronic medical conditions and continuous pain were most likely to be associated with poor sleep. Individuals with poor sleep reported lower levels of mobility, perceived health, and subjective happiness.

Conclusion: Pain and secondary complications significantly increase the odds of poor sleep. Furthermore, poor sleep is associated with decreased mobility and measures of well-being. Preventive measures to reduce risk factors and improve sleep quality after pediatric-onset SCI should be considered.     

东北老年人幸福指数及自我管理现状分析

目的探讨东北老年人生活的幸福指数以及自我管理的能力,帮助老年人建立健康、文明、科学的生活方式和行为,为东北社区老年护理的日益完善提供可靠依据。方法选择东北三省省会城市老年人进行自制问卷调查,共发放问卷1709份,有效回收1690份,回收率98．89％。结果老年人日常生活基本可以自理,慢性疾病患病率高,精神健康状况与社会支持呈正相关。对居住环境、一般疾病护理知识、进行健康教育的需求高。无重要脏器疾病的所谓健康老年人占16％一20％,80％以上的老年人患有各种慢性疾病,少数人患有重大疾病。结论老年人的自我管理能力影响着他们的生活满意度,社区管理人员和医护人员需持续实施健康教育来提高老年人的健康行为,同时来自社会的支持也是提高老年人幸福指数的重要因素。     

大学生应对方式与幸福感的相关研究

目的 探讨大学生应对方式与幸福感之间的关系.方法 用<简易应对方式问卷>和<综合幸福问卷>对南昌大学168名大学生进行问卷调查.并用SPSS 11.5进行数据整理和相关分析.结果 ①除负性情感(r=-0.06.P＞0.05)外,积极应对与幸福感的其他8个因子呈显著正相关;②消极应对与负性情感呈显著正相关(r=0.50,...     

Misreading the facial signs: specific impairments and error patterns in recognition of facial emotions with negative valence in borderline personality disorder

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) exhibit impairment in labeling of facial emotional expressions. However, it is not clear whether these deficits affect the whole domain of basic emotions, are valence-specific, or specific to individual emotions. Whether BPD patients' errors in a facial emotion recognition task create a specific pattern also remains to be elucidated. Our study tested two hypotheses: first, we hypothesized, that the emotion perception impairment in borderline personality disorder is specific to the negative emotion domain. Second, we hypothesized, that BPD patients would show error patterns in a facial emotion recognition task more commonly and more systematically than healthy comparison subjects. Participants comprised 33 inpatients with BPD and 32 matched healthy control subjects who performed a computerized version of the Ekman 60 Faces test. The indices of emotion recognition and the direction of errors were processed in separate analyses. Clinical symptoms and personality functioning were assessed using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and the Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form. Results showed that patients with BPD were less accurate than control participants in emotion recognition, in particular, in the discrimination of negative emotions, while they were not impaired in the recognition of happy facial expressions. In addition, patients over-attributed disgust and surprise and under-attributed fear to the facial expressions relative to controls. These findings suggest the importance of carefully considering error patterns, besides measuring recognition accuracy, especially among emotions with negative affective valence, when assessing facial affect recognition in BPD.     

辽宁省中小学生主观幸福感的常模及其影响因素研究

目的制定辽宁地区中小学生的主观幸福感常模并探究其影响因素,为心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法整群抽样从辽宁省抽取5504名中小学生施测主观幸福感量表。结果小学生的主观幸福感显著高于中学生;家庭经济状况好、父母共同生活、家庭和睦的中小学生主观幸福感更高,父母婚姻状况与家庭和睦程度存在交互作用;沈阳地区学生及经常参加心理健康课的学生主观幸福感显著高于其他学生,且这两维度有交互作用;家庭和睦程度、年级、家庭经济状况、参加心理健康教育、地区四因素进入主观幸福感的回归方程。结论中小学生主观幸福感在年级、家庭、地区及参加心理健康教育等方面存在差异,家庭和睦程度、年级、家庭经济状况、参加心理健康教育、地区对中小学生主观幸福感有预测作用。     

初中生主观幸福感与家庭功能的关系

目的：了解江西省某市初中生主观幸福感状况,并探讨主观幸福感与家庭功能之间的关系,从家庭功能的角度探讨初中生主观幸福感与成长环境的关系,为其心理健康教育提供依据。方法:方便选取江西省某市一初中,采取分层整群抽样方法进行调查;同时采取入户调查法,随机选取自然村,对自然村中所有初中生进行调查,利用青少年主观幸福感量表和家庭功能评定量表对733名初中生进行调查。结果：（1）初中生的总体主观幸福感处于中等偏下水平,从主观幸福感的各维度来看,家庭和友谊满意感较高,学业满意感最低,正性和负性情感体验均较低;（2）女生的友谊和自由满意度高于男生,非独生子女的负性情感高于独生子女,寄宿生的家庭、学业和自由满意度高于非寄宿生,家庭居住地和家庭结构对家庭满意度有影响,年级与学习成绩影响主观幸福感的部分维度;（3）家庭功能的部分维度与主观幸福感的部分维度之间存在相关性,家庭功能可以预测主观幸福感水平。 结论：初中生的总体主观幸福感处于中等偏下水平,有待提高。家庭功能对初中生主观幸福感具有较大的影响,家庭功能健康的初中生,更有可能具有较高的生活满意度,更有可能体验到较高水平的幸福感。     

Is there a gender gap in Italian radiology? A cross-sectional study

Background

Although the number of women entering the medical profession has increased, this has not led to an even distribution in all branches of medicine. In countries where the health service is mainly private, there are still fewer female radiologists, especially at managerial level. The aim of this paper is to make a comparison of work-related stress, satisfaction and perceived organizational justice in male and female radiologists in Italy.

Methods

Italian radiologists were asked to answer an anonymous questionnaire during two successive national radiology Congresses.

Results

Women reported a psychophysical workload that was the same as that of their male colleagues, but claimed that they had less control over their work, made a greater effort to fulfill job requirements, were more over-committed in their work and received fewer rewards for the work performed than their male colleagues. On account of the lack of procedural, distributive and informative justice, women radiologists perceived the work environment as significantly less fair compared to their male colleagues. Moreover, they derived less satisfaction from their job. They suffered from anxiety, depression and minor psychiatric disorders to a greater extent than their male counterparts.

Conclusion

Despite the significant number of women radiologists in Italy, the gender gap still exists and can be witnessed in horizontal and vertical segregation. Policies should be introduced to contrast gender bias     

感恩文化教育在提高患者满意度活动中的实践研究

＂优质护理服务示范工程＂活动目标是＂患者满意、社会满意、政府满意＂,而满意工程顺利开展的根本是要提高护士的创优意识,促使所有护士积极、主动投身优质护理服务中。本研究旨在研究感恩文化教育在患者满意活动中对护士感恩倾向、幸福感及患者满意度的影响。