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41.
目的:探讨急性肾功能衰竭的治疗。方法:复习有关急性肾功能衰竭的治疗文献,作一总结。结果:使用人工合成三肽序列(RGD)的多肽、生长因子、心房利钠因子和人工肾小管治疗急性肾功能衰竭都取得了较好的疗效。结论:这些新的治疗可望改善急性肾衰的预后和降低死亡率。 相似文献
42.
Deformation due to growth disturbance after epiphyseal fractures around the knee may involve more than the primarily injured
epiphysis, as spontaneous corrective growth of the opposite epiphyseal plate can take place in an attempt to maintain overall
alignment of the leg. As a result, there will be an inclination in the knee joint line if corrective osteotomy is only performed
for the primary angulation. We report two cases of this complex deformity in which corrective osteotomies of both the distal
femur and the proximal tibia were performed, resulting in correct alignment of the overall leg axis and knee joint axis.
Received: 25 May 1996 Accepted: 20 November 1996 相似文献
43.
The exact mechanisms that cause myocardial stunning are still unclear. We previously utilized a computer model of the ventricle that was effective in modeling the dominant observable features of stunning, but it was not simple to implement. This led to the design of a single muscle fiber model. The mathematical model of a muscle fiber consisted of three elements: a contractile element, a series elastic element, and a parallel elastic element. The model created length waveforms based on time-dependent force and contractile stiffness functions. This model was initially evaluated by entering the same regional parameter values used in the global dual region ventricular model. First a reduction of the contractile stiffness function was applied by reducing the peak stiffness by 30%, and then the rates of activation and deactivation were reduced by 20% while maintaining the peak values constant. The three-element model produced results very similar to the canine and ventricular model. Thus, it is concluded that the simpler three-element model provides an accurate model of the myocardial tissue and its deficiencies during stunning. 相似文献
44.
目的:研究面神经撞击伤后面神经核内生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)的变化及高压氧(HBO)治疗的影响。方法:利用BIM-Ⅱ型生物撞击机致家兔右侧面神经干损伤,应用SP免疫组化染色法观察损伤后1、3、7、14和21天(分别用HBO治疗及不用HBO为对照)面神经核内GAP-43的变化,并用电镜观察面神经干超微结构变化。结果:面神经损伤第1天,伤侧面神经核区GAP-43样免疫反应性神经元(GLIN)开始增多,第14天其增多达到高峰,第21天逐渐下降。HBO治疗组伤后不同时期GLIN的增多明显高于对照组。伤后第21天,与对照组相比HBO组面神经干电镜观察可见较多的新生髓鞘。结论:HBO治疗可使伤后面神经核内GLIN增多,因而有助于面神经损伤后的修复与再生。 相似文献
45.
Demetrius Ellis Ron Shapiro Mark L. Jordan Velma P. Scantlebury Nisan Gilboa Laszlo Hopp Nancy Weichler Andreas G. Tzakis Richard L. Simmons 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1994,8(2):193-200
Clinical aspects of FK-506 or cyclosporine immunosuppression regimens were evaluated in 48 consecutive pediatric renal transplant recipients. Tapering and discontinuation of prednisone was employed only in children receiving FK-506 who experienced minor or no rejection episodes during the 1st posttransplant month. At 1 year follow-up, 17 of 22 (77%) of all children with functioning allografts were receiving no prednisone (n=13) or a mean dosage of 0.07 mg/kg per day (n=4). During the 1st month, acute cellular rejection was more common in the FK-506 group (0.58 vs. 0.21 rejections per patient,P<0.05) but allograft survival (92%) and renal function at 1 year posttransplant were identical in both groups. Compared with the cyclosporine regimen, FK-506 immunosuppression may be associated with a higher incidence of cytomegalovirus or reversible Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferative disease. However, the FK-506 group had less hirsutism and gingival hypertrophy and required fewer antihypertensive medications independent of steroid use. Height standard deviation scores and weight-for-height index improved only in preadolescents receiving FK-506 but no prednisone (P<0.02 andP<0.05, respectively), but did not differ between children on FK-506 plus prednisone and those in the cyclosporine group. We conclude that the major advantages of FK-506 over cyclosporine immunosuppression are a reduced severity of hypertension and an improved cosmetic appearance which may improve long-term medical compliance. When used as monotherapy, FK-506 also shows promise in relieving the growth retardation associated with cyclosporine regimens that include prednisone. 相似文献
46.
Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld MS FRACS FRCS 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》1994,1(4):231-242
Great advances in neurobiology have resulted from 100 years of neural transplantation research. In the last 20 years, there has been a focus on using neural transplantation to repair the damaged central nervous system (CNS) utilising experimental animal models of various human neurodegenerative disease and CNS injury. Since 1985, there has been a rapid proliferation of adrenal medullary autograft transplantation to the caudate nucleus of humans with Parkinson's disease. However, this operation proved to be unsuccessful and was associated with unacceptable morbidity. Implantation of human fetal mesencephalon into patients with severe parkinsonism has supplanted the adrenal operation and has produced promising results, with some patients reported to improve markedly and some evidence of graft survival noted on positron emission tomography (PET). Host tissue recovery appears to be an important mechanism for this clinical improvement. The optimal technique is to use three to four fetuses from induced abortions of 6.5 to 8 weeks gestation, with multiple stereotactic implants into the putamen and caudate nucleus. Many biological questions still remain and the community remains troubled by the ethical problems of using fetal tissue obtained from abortions. This procedure is still experimental and should be restricted to a few centres with excellence in cell and molecular biology. A multicentre study is needed to more carefully evaluate CNS transplantation. Cloned neural precursor cells or immortalized embryonic cell lines genetically modified to manufacture selected growth factors or neurotransmitters may offer an alternative to the use of human fetal tissue. Much more experimental animal research is necessary before transplantation can be used to treat other CNS maladies. 相似文献
47.
M. -H. Smet F. de Zegher M. Vanderschueren-Lodeweyckx G. Marchal 《European radiology》1992,2(1):57-61
In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to document potentially present morphostructural abnormalities of the hypothalamopituitary region in seven infants (age 0–21 months) who presented very early in life with clinical and biochemical evidence of hypopituitarism. Four infants had associated congenital cerebro-facial malformations.The following anatomical abnormalities were identified in variable combinations: ectopic neurohypophysis absence of the pituitary stalk, extreme elongation of the pituitary stalk, aplasia of the anterior pituitary lobe and no identification of the hypothalamopituitary complex.MRI proved to be very sensitive in the identification of structural malformations of the hypothalamopituitary region in infants with or without cerebro-facial malformations. AllhwuLll the magnetic resonance image does not appear to be a good predictor of endocrine dysfunction, it provides us more insight into the precise aetiology of this disorder and may be therefore of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic importance. 相似文献
48.
S Kimel L O Svaasand M Hammer-Wilson V Gottfried S Cheng E Svaasand M W Berns 《Lasers in surgery and medicine》1992,12(4):432-440
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to study vascular effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia (HPT) and the synergism of these modalities. The CAM is a convenient medium for monitoring the modifications of the vasculature. It is possible to view the CAM and to examine structural changes of individual blood vessels in real time. Moreover, the CAM is a closed system which lends itself to mathematical modeling of the temporal and spatial temperature profile and in which HPT can be performed quantitatively and to a selected depth, using different lasers. A porphyrin-type photosensitizer solution was applied to areas of the CAM, defined by teflon O-rings placed on the surface. Uptake dynamics of the sensitizer into the CAM was determined by analyzing its fluorescence in vivo. The CAM area was irradiated with a dual-wavelength laser system composed of a dye laser at 644 nm (to induce PDT) and a CO2 laser at 10.6 microns (to bring about HPT). Damage to the CAM vasculature, due to combined PDT+HPT, was compared to the outcome of the separate modalities, and a synergistic effect of about 40% was observed. 相似文献
49.
M. Kneissel P. Roschger W. Steiner D. Schamall G. Kalchhauser A. Boyde M. Teschler-Nicola 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(2):95-100
There is abundant data on cancellous bone in the aging human spine, but little relating to the growing vertebral cancellous
bone in childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to map vertebral cancellous bone in a growth and age series
of historic skeletal samples and to make comparisons with data published on recent material. Lumbar vertebral bodies were
collected from 65 skeletons (0–60 years) from a medieval Nubian population. Ethnohistoric information was collected to interpret
conditions that might have influenced bone structure and metabolism. The cancellous bone was studied three dimensionally,
using stereophotography and scanning electron microscopy and morphometrically by performing a semiautomatic structural analysis
on digitized backscattered electron images of polymethacrylate-embedded material. The cancellous bone structure in the children
consisted mainly of a densely packed, uniform network of small rodlike trabeculae. The greatest bone volume fraction with
small, more platelike trabeculae was observed during adolescence. In young adults, larger platelike trabeculae were present
in the central zone and smaller trabeculae in the superior and inferior zones, as described for modern skeletal material.
Structural changes associated with aging were observed much sooner than in modern man. By the estimated age of approximately
50–60 years, the predominant architectural elements were slender rarified rods in both sexes. The ethnohistorical data suggest
that this was essentially a black African population of physically active peasants, not likely to suffer Vitamin D insufficiency
or deficient calcium intake. Thus an earlier onset of the biological age changes in cancellous bone found in modern populations
was probably prevalent.
Received: 1 March 1996 / Accepted: 31 December 1996 相似文献
50.
生长激素在肝硬变门脉高压低蛋白血症手术前的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的:研究生长激素(rhGH)对肝硬变门脉高压低蛋白血症患者手术前的治疗价值。方法:肝硬变门脉高压抑行脾切除、门奇静脉断流手术患者60例,Child分级B级,随机分为rhGH治疗组30例,对照组30例。rhGH组术前5d每天皮下注射rhGH 4IU,对照组给予安慰剂生理盐水。两组术前均行相同肠外营养支持。测定治疗前、治疗后3d、4d、5d血浆白蛋白、球蛋白、前白蛋白及空腹血糖。结果:rhGH组治疗后3d前白蛋白较治疗前及对照组明显升高(P<0.05),治疗后4d、5d仍维持较高水平;治疗后5d白蛋白较治疗前及对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。rhGH组患者一般情况改善,生活质量提高。对照组白蛋白、前白蛋白无明显变化。两组空腹血糖、球蛋白无明显改变。结论:rhGH联合肠外营养支持对纪正肝硬变门脉高压低蛋白血症患者术前低蛋白状态,改善生活质量有良好疗效,由于rhGH起效慢,应早期、足量、足疗程应用。 相似文献