重庆市中学生社会责任心的发展特点探析

目的了解重庆市中学生社会责任心的发展特点,为学生健全素质的培养提供实证依据。方法采用自编的中学生社会责任心量表,对重庆市722名中学生社会责任心的发展特点进行调查。结果女生的社会责任心水平显著高于男生;重点中学与非重点中学学生、城镇生源与农村生源中学生的社会责任心水平差异均无统计学意义;中学生社会责任心水平在年级之间差异有统计学意义。结论重庆市中学生的社会责任心发展存在显著的性别和年级差异,而学校类型和学生生源地差异不明显。     

现行医疗事故鉴定机制存在的问题及对策

医疗事故鉴定涉及到千家万户的切身利益，应有其相应的客观标准。现行的医疗事故鉴定办法与社会客观要求存在着不少差距，公平性、公正性及独立性受到社会的广泛关注。制定新的医疗事故鉴定办法时，要引入民法归责原则并推广社会化保险，建立一个适合中国国情的医疗事故鉴定和处理机制，造福广大国民。     

Who’s to blame? Accounts of genetic responsibility and blame among Ashkenazi Jewish women at risk of BRCA breast cancer

Genetic knowledge of disease risk may induce a sense of genetic responsibility whereby those who are at risk feel an obligation to take certain actions not only in relation to their own personal health but also to their family, their children and many other aspects of their life. This article examines genetic responsibility among Ashkenazi Jewish women at increased risk of BRCA genetic breast cancer. It demonstrates the ways in which accounts of blame help to mitigate or allocate genetic responsibility and in particular focuses on the temporal nature of women’s accounts. Women locate responsibility or blame for genetic disease in the collective reproductive history of Ashkenazi Jews, currently among specific groups of Ashkenazi Jews, and this knowledge can have potential future reproductive consequences. A contradiction may arise between a pre‐existing sense of responsibility to produce future generations of Jews with that of producing future breast cancer free children. The research is based on in‐depth qualitative interviews with 14 high‐risk Ashkenazi Jewish women in London, England.     

Bridging the divide between families and health professionals'' perspectives on family-centred care

OBJECTIVES: To describe and discuss key findings from a recent research project that challenge an increasingly prevalent theme, apparent in both family-centred care research and practice, of conceptualizing family-centred care as shifting care, care management, and advocacy responsibilities to families. The purpose of the research, from which these findings emerged, was to develop a conceptualization of family-centred care grounded in the experiences of families and direct health-care providers. DESIGN: Qualitative research methods, following the grounded theory tradition, were used to develop a conceptual framework that described the dimensions of the concept of family-centred care and their interrelationships, in the substantive area of children's developmental services. This article reports on and extends key findings from this grounded theory study, in light of current trends in the literature. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The substantive area that served as the setting for the research was developmental services at a children's hospital in Alberta, Canada. Data was collected through focus groups and individual interviews with 37 parents of children diagnosed with a developmental problem and 16 frontline health-care providers. FINDINGS: Key findings from this research project do not support the current emphasis in family-centred care research and practice on conceptualizing family-centred care as the shifting of care, care management, and advocacy responsibilities to families. Rather, what emerged was that parents want to work truly collaboratively with health-care providers in making treatment decisions and on implementing a dynamic care plan that will work best for child and family. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A definition of collaboration is provided, and the nature of collaborative relationships described. Contributing factors to the difficulty in establishing true collaborative relationships between families and health-care professionals, where the respective roles to be played by health-care professionals and families are jointly determined, are discussed. In light of these findings we strongly advocate for the re-examination of current family-centred care policy and practice.     

暴力作案刑事责任能力的量化评定:Ⅰ.量表的编制

目的通过编制评定工具来探索对责任能力的客观量化评定。方法总结本中心16年来暴力作案责任能力的专家鉴定资料，并结合国内外有关的鉴定理论与实践报道，参考国外的类似评定工具编制出《暴力作案刑事责任能力评定量表》(CRRSV)；根据专家鉴定经验确定评分标准，并通过对近年来鉴定资料的试评来确定界限值，最后进行初步的信、效度检验。结果CRRSV条目与国内大多数研究报道的辨认、控制能力和责任能力法学(心理学)标准相关因素一致，同时也能反映医学要件对责任能力的影响，信度和效度良好，有操作性。结论CRRSV与医学标准相结合可能对于客观地评定暴力作案的责任能力具有参考价值。     

从教育角度看高校毕业生的职业忠诚问题

近几年,高校毕业生以其庞大的规模引起了社会多方关注。但社会各界更多的是讨论如何扩大高校毕业生就业,而对其择业后的职业稳定程度较为忽视。频繁转换职业对用人单位和毕业生自身都造成了很大影响和损失,本文拟从高校毕业生的就业和职业现状出发,分析原因,寻找对策。     

信息管理部门在医院信息化建设中的作用

信息管理部门是医院信息化建设和管理的重要职能部门，担负着制定信息化发展规划、系统建设与应用、网络管理和人员培训等一系列重要职责，其作用发挥与否直接关系到信息化建设的成败。     

Attribution processes in distressed and nondistressed couples: 3. causal and responsibility attributions for spouse behavior

Causal and responsibility attributions for spouse behavior are examined in couples seeking therapy and in nondistressed community couples. Eighty spouses rated the causes of positive and negative partner behaviors, made attributions of responsibility for the behaviors, indicated their affective impact, and, finally, specified what they would do in response to each behavior. Distressed spouses saw the causes of negative partner behavior as more global and considered the behavior to be more negative in intent, selfishly motivated, and blameworthy than did nondistressed spouses. The inverse pattern of results was obtained for positive spouse behavior. Only responsibility attributions predicted the affective impact and intended responses to the behavior. These findings are discussed in terms of the role of attribution processes in martial dysfunction, and their implications for therapy are outlined.     

医护人员对层级全责护理工作模式认同程度的调查分析

目的调查医护人员对“层级全责护理”的认同程度。方法采用问卷方式对开展“层级全责护理”的护理单元（共54名护士、42名医生）进行实施新模式后护理工作状况的调查。结果80％以上的护士认为实施“层级全责护理”使护士更熟悉病情，护患关系得以改善，并愿意在新的护理模式中工作。但53．9％的护士认为“层级全责护理”模式对生活有影响。85％以上的医生认为全责护士在床边工作时间增多，及时跟进了危重病的护理，医护合作更融洽。结论实施“层级全责护理”得到所在护理单元大多数医护人员的认同。