浅谈大学生社会责任感的弱化及培养

大学生的社会责任感直接影响着社会的发展和时代的进步。本文指出当前大学生社会责任感弱化的紧迫性,从社会、高等教育、学生等多个层次探讨了其弱化的原因,并根据当前高等教育的现状总结了强化大学生的社会责任感的有效措施。     

精神障碍犯罪嫌疑人刑事责任能力评定结果分析

目的 探讨影响精神障碍犯罪嫌疑人刑事责任能力评定的相关因素.方法 通过回顾性病例对照研究,采用简明精神症状评定量表(BPRS)和精神障碍犯罪嫌疑人刑事责任能力量表,对147例精神障碍犯罪嫌疑人进行评定,并分为无刑事责任能力组(91例)和有刑事责任能力组(56例).结果 无刑事责任能力组BPRS的总分和思维障碍、激活性、敌对猜疑等因子分分别为(45.23±7.88)分、(17.23±4.49)分、(4.80±2.04)分、(8.18±3.21)分,高于有刑事责任能力组的(31.16±9.32)分、(8.18±5.19)分、(3.89±1.67)分、(5.36±3.23)分,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).逐步判别分析显示,既往精神病史(X2)、鉴定诊断(X3)、BPRS中的思维障碍(X6)、激活性(X7)、及精神病人刑事责任能力量表中分别反映作案时情况的因子2(X10)、对作案后对后果认识的因子3(X11)、作案后对自我保护能力因子4(X12)、疾病严重程度因子5(X13)等8个变量是精神障碍犯罪嫌疑人刑事责任能力评定量表的主要影响因子.结论 精神障碍种类、精神症状及其严重程度、作案时的诱因、作案后对其后果认识、作案后的自我保护能力等因素是精神障碍犯罪嫌疑人刑事责任能力的主要影响因素.     

Still blaming the consumer? Geographies of responsibility in domestic food safety practices

Drawing upon qualitative and ethnographic data collected in the UK, this paper discusses how public discourses and concerns about food safety are negotiated into everyday domestic kitchen practices. While many participants demonstrated ‘behaviours’ or ‘practices’ which could be seen to contravene or fall short of official guidelines, this does not necessarily indicate ‘ignorance’ or lack of responsibility on the part of consumers. Indeed, when explored in detail, participants presented a range of reasons for engaging in what the UK Food Standards Agency regard as ‘risky’ practices. Their explanations point toward an understanding of the distribution of domestic responsibility in which a number of stakeholders are implicated, while simultaneously acknowledging their role as final arbiters of food safety in the home.     

Du parricide rêvé à l’infanticide réel,ou l’expertise mentale dans tous ses états

The authors describe at length the case of a 33-year-old woman who shot and killed her 9-year-old daughter and attempted suicide immediately afterwards. The judicial inquiry revealed that this infanticidal mother originally intended to kill her own father, who she accused of having sexually abused her in her own childhood and now her daughter, but that unforeseen circumstances changed the mode of operation. She was the subject of seven more or less contradictory psychiatric experts opinions over a period of more than three years before finally being found criminally irresponsible by the court of assizes. She was suffering from delusional psychotic mental disorders at the time of the homicide-suicide. The authors discuss and criticize the conclusions of the experts opinions and instead recommend a multidisciplinary criminological analysis that takes all the objective ans subjective aspects on the case into account.     

Racialized Risk in Clinical Care: Clinician Vigilance and Patient Responsibility

Racial/ethnic identity is contingent and arbitrary, yet it is commonly used to evaluate disease risk and treatment response. Drawing on open-ended interviews with patients and clinicians in two US clinics, we explore how racialized risk is conceptualized and how it impacts patient care and experience. We found that racial/ethnic risk was a common but poorly defined construct for both patients and clinicians, who intermingled concepts of genetics, biology, behavior, and culture, while disregarding historical or structural context. We argue that racializing risk embodies social power in marked and unmarked bodies, reinforcing inequality along racial lines and undermining equitable health care.     

部队医院实习护生岗前培训实践

目的探讨部队医院实习护生岗前培训的方法和效果。方法对1 621名部队医院实习护生进行包括护理部负责制、专业组负责制、护理标兵负责制、院级教员负责制、相关部门负责制、学员队负责制体系的岗前培训;培训方式采取集中授课、多媒体教学、互动式示范教学、情景模拟、现场答疑、拓展训练等,以及多种考核方式。结果通过岗前培训实践,护生的理论知识、专业技能等10项成绩及教师对其的评价均显著提高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论构建部队医院特色的岗前培训体系有利于实习护生综合素质的培养。