Gonadotropin secretion in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Summary Gonadotropin patterns were evaluated in a group of 70 patients of both sexes with Graves’ disease or primary hypothyroidism. Significant variations were found only in hyperthyroidism where increased basal and stimulated values of both gonadotropins, but particularly LH, occurred. Qualitative and quantitative recovery was seen when euthyroid states were achieved after treatment of hyper and hypothyroid patients. Interactions with gonadotropin behavior were found in both sexes and in women of different ages. Direct interference on the hypothalamo-pituitary system rather than through the modulation of peripheral estrogen metabolism is suggested as the possible pathogenetic mechanism. This work was supported by grant CT 81.00372.04/115.4883 from theConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Roma, Italy.     

孕中期母血清生化指标的异常和不良妊娠结局关系的临床研究

目的探讨孕中期血清生化指标异常与不良妊娠结局的关系。方法在孕中期对AFP、hCG及SP1等五项血清生化指标进行测定，采用群组研究方法。结果孕中期AFP、hCG及SP1的异常升高或降低是早产、IUGR及先兆子痫等不良妊娠结局的危险因素；联合筛查可提高阳性检出率。结论孕中期血清生化指标的筛查有可能成为预测不良妊娠结局的主要手段。     

Ovarian influence on gonadotropin and prolactin release in mated rabbits

In 17β-estradiol (E)-treated ovariectomized (OVX) rabbits, the coitus-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is only one fourth that in ovarian-intact rabbits. In this study, we determined the pattern of the coitusinduced gonadotropin release, i.e., LH and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), in OVX + E animals without or with continuous 3-wk treatment of 20-α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20αP). For positive and negative experimental controls, ovarian-intact rabbits were either mated or sham mated, respectively. The pituitary hormones prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) were measured to serve as collateral controls for gonadotropins. The addition of continuous 20αP in OVX + E does fail to stimulate a coitus-induced LH surge equal in magnitude and duration to the LH surge in ovarian-intact rabbits. Postcoital levels of FSH were greater in OVX + E + 20αP animals than those in OVX + E rabbits. Coitus induced a PRL surge in ovarianintact and OVX + steroid-treated females, but not in mated males, thereby suggesting a gender difference in this neuroendocrine circuit. Neither coitus nor steroids altered plasma GH values in female or male animals. We conclude that chronic administration of neither E nor E + 20αP can restore full-scale gonadotropin surges in OVX rabbits, whereas replacement of one or both of these steroids is sufficient for a coitusinduced PRL surge. Moreover, the presented observation that activin stimulates hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release suggests a possible involvement of ovarian proteins in the production of a full-scale coitus-induced GnRH/LH surge.     

曲普瑞林兴奋试验评价多囊卵巢综合征患者性腺轴功能

  目的  利用促性腺激素释放激素类似物(曲普瑞林)兴奋试验评价多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)患者的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能并探讨其变化特点。  方法  对PCOS患者(n=20)和健康对照者(n=30)进行曲普瑞林兴奋试验, 在0、15、30、45、60和90 min测定血黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)和卵泡刺激素(follicular stimulating hormone, FSH)的水平。比较PCOS组和健康对照组在基线状态以及兴奋试验后LH、FSH水平的变化以及LH/FSH比值的差异。  结果  对照组和PCOS组患者的睾酮分别为(1.9±0.5)nmol/L和(3.5±1.4)nmol/L(P=0.012)。PCOS患者的基线LH水平高于对照组[(11.3±6.6)U/L比(3.7±2.7)U/L, P=0.028];在曲普瑞林兴奋试验中, PCOS组LH的升高幅度明显大于对照组; 在第15分钟, PCOS组和对照组的LH分别为(41.4±28.0)和(24.7±19.0)U/L(P=0.036);在第60分钟, PCOS组和对照组的LH分别为(64.0±34.8)和(44.8±22.5)U/L(P=0.060)。PCOS组和对照组的基线FSH水平分别为(4.6±2.0)和(4.9±1.6)U/L(P=0.467);在曲普瑞林兴奋试验中, PCOS组FSH水平升高幅度小于对照组; 在第60分钟, 两组FSH水平分别为(9.9±4.0)和(17.3±5.6)U/L(P=0.041)。基线状态PCOS组和对照组的LH/FSH比值分别为2.9±1.1和0.8±0.2(P=0.023);此比值在曲普瑞林兴奋试验中进一步升高, 在第60分钟时两组分别为6.5±1.3和3.1±0.9(P=0.038)。  结论  PCOS患者基础状态LH和LH/FSH比值明显升高, 在曲普瑞林兴奋试验中, LH和FSH曲线之间的差距进一步增加, LH/FSH比值进一步升高, 提示PCOS患者存在特征性的下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴功能异常。     

Selective Inhibition of Luteinizing Hormone Action by Ethanol in Cultured Human Granulosa Cells

To extend further our previous observations on the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced increases in steroid secretion by ethanol (EtOH) ( Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 14:522–527, 1990), cultured human granulosa cells were pretreated with several EtOH concentrations (0– 100 m m ), and cells were stimulated with human LH (25 ng/ml) or human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (100 ng/ml) and the secretion of 17-β-estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P) was measured. EtOH significantly increased basal E₂ secretion in a dose-related manner (0–20 m m ); however, in the same concentration range EtOH did not produce consistent changes in FSH-stimulated E₂ secretion. In contrast, EtOH decreased LH-stimulated E₂ secretion between 0–20 m m such that at 20 m m EtOH, the positive effect of LH was abolished. EtOH increased P secretion by 40% at 20 m m and at 100 m m , there was a 100% increase. The FSH-stimulated P secretion was not consistently changed by EtOH, whereas LH-stimulated P secretion was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors in cells exposed to EtOH showed a 15% ( p < 0.01) and a 47% decrease at 20 m m and 50 m m EtOH, respectively. At 50 m m EtOH, there was a decrease in LH/hCG receptor number from 2900/cell to 1670/cell, without a change in receptor affinity for hCG and 50 m m EtOH decreased LH/hCG receptors in intact granulosa cells in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that the selective effects of EtOH on LH action in human granulosa cells may be mediated in part by an action on LH/hCG receptors.     

绝经后激素分泌改变引起脂代谢异常及运动干预对脂代谢异常调节的研究进展

绝经是女性必然经历的正常生理阶段，因为绝经后体内多种激素分泌水平发生改变，由此引发的代谢紊乱困扰着众多女性，脂代谢异常是女性绝经后常见问题之一。由于脂代谢异常发病形式隐匿往往不易受重视，其进一步发展可导致肥胖、心血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝等，严重危害了绝经后女性健康。运动干预是防控脂代谢异常的有效手段，本文总结了女性绝经后与脂代谢相关的雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡激素（FSH）的分泌变化及其对脂代谢的影响，探讨了不同运动方式对绝经后女性脂代谢异常的干预效果，并对绝经后激素分泌改变引起脂代谢异常的机制及运动调控机制进行了归纳，研究发现女性绝经前后E2、FSH激素水平的变化并不呈单一模式，这种变化通过多个机制共同作用引起的脂代谢异常可在不同运动方式干预后得到改善，从而为女性绝经后脂代谢异常的防治提供理论依据，提高绝经后女性的生活质量，降低心血管疾病的发生风险。