Factors Affecting the Intention to Quit among Women Smokers in Turkey

Objectives: Tobacco use is an important public health problem that affects adversely the quality of life. A person’s attitude toward quitting tobacco use can be reflected by the desire or intention to quit smoking. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors affecting women’s intention to quit tobacco in Turkey. Methods: In this study, the data obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) were used. The GATS is a standard method used in countries to monitor and evaluate the frequency of tobacco use in adults and tobacco control practices. The data used in the study was obtained from the GATS carried out in Turkey in 2008 and 2012. The data related to 1248 women smoking tobacco were used in the analysis. The relationship between women’s intention to quit tobacco use and socio-demographic and economic variables was examined. Results: Men were excluded from the analysis because the focus of the study was women. It was determined that 732 of 1248 women using tobacco intend to quit smoking tobacco. 40.4% of women smoking tobacco are primary school graduates. Women, who were aware of anti-smoking messages and exposed to stimulants that promote smoking, were 36.4% and 27% more likely to intend to stop tobacco use after the next month, respectively. It was observed that women living in a house, where smoking is allowed, are less likely to quit smoking than others (ME = -0.522). This shows the importance of domestic restrictions. Conclusion: Intending to quit is an important preliminary step to quit. Understanding the factors associated with the intention to quit smoking can help tobacco users to stop using it and shape effective policies to increase the quit rates.     

The global prevalence of headache: an update,with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates

BackgroundAccording to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, headache disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling conditions worldwide. GBD builds on epidemiological studies (published and unpublished) which are notable for wide variations in both their methodologies and their prevalence estimates.Our first aim was to update the documentation of headache epidemiological studies, summarizing global prevalence estimates for all headache, migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) and headache on ≥15 days/month (H15+), comparing these with GBD estimates and exploring time trends and geographical variations. Our second aim was to analyse how methodological factors influenced prevalence estimates.MethodsIn a narrative review, all prevalence studies published until 2020, excluding those of clinic populations, were identified through a literature search. Prevalence data were extracted, along with those related to methodology, world region and publication year. Bivariate analyses (correlations or comparisons of means) and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed.ResultsFrom 357 publications, the vast majority from high-income countries, the estimated global prevalence of active headache disorder was 52.0% (95%CI 48.9–55.4), of migraine 14.0% (12.9–15.2), of TTH 26.0% (22.7–29.5) and of H15+ 4.6% (3.9–5.5). These estimates were comparable with those of migraine and TTH in GBD2019, the most recent iteration, but higher for headache overall. Each day, 15.8% of the world’s population had headache. MLR analyses explained less than 30% of the variation. Methodological factors contributing to variation, were publication year, sample size, inclusion of probable diagnoses, sub-population sampling (e.g., of health-care personnel), sampling method (random or not), screening question (neutral, or qualified in severity or presumed cause) and scope of enquiry (headache disorders only or multiple other conditions). With these taken into account, migraine prevalence estimates increased over the years, while estimates for all headache types varied between world regions.ConclusionThe review confirms GBD in finding that headache disorders remain highly prevalent worldwide, and it identifies methodological factors explaining some of the large variation between study findings. These variations render uncertain both the increase in migraine prevalence estimates over time, and the geographical differences. More and better studies are needed in low- and middle-income countries.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-022-01402-2.     

基于数据治理的专病数据库建设实践

提出运用数据治理理念和全生命周期技术路径解决专病数据库建设实践中的数据相关问题,阐述专病数据治理方法,介绍专病数据库核心功能,加速真实世界临床研究的成果转化,助力专病、学科高质量发展。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合镜像神经元训练系统对卒中后慢性完全性失语的效果研究

目的 观察低频重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)联合镜像神经元训练系统(mirror neuron training system,MNTS)对卒中后慢性完全性失语患者的临床效果.方法 前瞻性连续纳入2018年1月-2020年1月于南京医...     

Efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in Japanese patients with severe eosinophilic asthma

Background

The MENSA trial assessed the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. This report describes the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in Japanese patients from MENSA.

大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注后银杏叶提取物减轻脑水肿机制的探讨

目的 探讨大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤后银杏叶提取物(EGb761)减轻脑水肿的机制.方法 四血管法制作全脑缺血/再灌注模型的40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血/再灌注组、小剂量EGb761治疗组、中剂量EGb761治疗组和大剂量EGb761治疗组,每组8只;观察脑组织含水量、血清S100B、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量.结果 与缺血/再灌注组相比,EGb761治疗能降低脑组织含水量、血清S100B蛋白和MDA含量,提升血清SOD含量.结论 EGb761可减轻全脑缺血/再灌注损伤后大鼠的脑水肿,其机制可能与血清S100B蛋白含量下降和抗自由基损伤有关,并且呈剂量依赖性.     

Smoking patterns among Jordanian health professionals: A study about the impediments to tobacco control in Jordan

Background

Little is known about Arab health professionals' smoking practices.

Aim

This is the first study to examine smoking practices among Arab health professionals.

Methods

Background: Little is known about Arab nurses and physicians' smoking patterns.

Aim

This study aims to examine smoking patterns among Arab nurses and physicians.

Methods

A total of 918 nurses and physicians participated in this study. Data were collected using the Global Professional Health Survey.

Results

About 38.8% are current smokers. The smoking percentages for male nurses and male physicians were high (83.8%, 94.6% respectively) compared to female nurses and female physicians (16.2%, 5.4% respectively). Approximately 53.8% wanted to quit and 60.6% had made previous quit attempts that lasted for more than two days. About 64.1% believed that nurses and physicians who smoke were less likely to advise patients to stop smoking. The predictors of smoking were: age when tried first cigarettes OR = 6.36, 95% CI = 4.48, 9.04; father smokes OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.40, 2.72; mother smokes OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.18, 3.39; shift work OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.03; and the interaction (gender and profession) OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.14.

Discussion

Effective interventions often begin with and/or depend on nurses and physicians being committed to smoking cessation. Given the very high smoking rates among nurses and physicians a key priority must be to provide quit smoking programs and to enable them to become effective champions of smoking cessation nationwide.     

C反应蛋白、N末端脑钠肽前体、尿酸与急性心肌梗死患者全球急性冠脉事件注册危险评分相关研究

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、尿酸在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中全球急性冠脉事件注册危险(GRACE)评分相关研究及临床意义。方法选择90例经临床诊断为AMI的患者,按GRACE评分结果分为低危组(25例),中危组(32例)和高危组(33例),入院时测其CRP、NT-proBNP、尿酸,分析患者CRP、NT-proBNP、尿酸与心肌梗死患者危险程度的临床意义及相关性。结果 CRP、NT-proBNP、尿酸水平随着心肌梗死患者危险程度的增加而升高(P<0.05),多元线性回归分析提示CRP、NT-proBNP、尿酸与心梗患者危险程度独立相关(P<0.05)。结论CRP、NT-proBNP、尿酸水平和GRACE评分均能有效地预测AMI死亡风险。     

Innovations ‘Out of Place’: Controversies Over IVF Beginnings in India Between 1978 and 2005

ABSTRACT

In 1978, the year the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in the United Kingdom, a research team in Kolkata reported that it too had successfully produced an IVF baby in India. However, the claim was dismissed at the time, because the experiment was conducted outside authorized institutions and recognized centers of innovation—in short, because it was an innovation ‘out of place.’ Tracing controversies over the case between 1978 and 2005, I show the importance of space or place in processes of knowledge production and recognition. Further, I explain the initial repudiation and subsequent partial recognition of the claim through shifts in the landscape of legitimate spaces of innovation. By discussing this specific case of the production of science and technology in the Global South, I challenge conventional narratives of diffusion that are prevalent in studies on the worldwide proliferation of reproductive technologies.