人肝癌裸鼠移植模型阿霉素诱导法建立肝癌多药耐药细胞系

目的:建立人肝癌多药耐药细胞系研究其耐药特性及机制.方法:给予移植人肝癌细胞的裸小鼠腹腔注射阿霉素(ADM)长期诱导,获得多药耐药细胞系BEL-7402/ADM.相差显微镜和HE染色观察细胞,MTT法检测耐药细胞的多药耐药性,流式细胞术检测耐药细胞表面多药耐药基因(mdr)的表达产物P糖蛋白(P-gp)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP)及谷胱甘肽硫转移系统(GSH/GST)的表达.结果:BEL-7402/ADM对多种抗癌药物产生耐药,对阿霉素的耐药性提高了20.33倍.BEL-7402/ADM细胞表面P-gp和MRP表达阳性,与对照细胞BEL-7402表达比较,差异十分显著(P<0.01).GSH/GST表达无明显变化.结论:BEL-7402/ADM具有明确的多药耐药性,该模型的建立对研究肝癌多药耐药的产生及逆转具有重要价值.     

Early assessment of renal resistance index after kidney transplant can help predict long-term renal function.

BACKGROUND: Color Doppler ultrasonography of intrarenal arterial resistance index (RI), performed early after kidney transplant, has proven to reliably predict short-term allograft function. The aim of this study was to assess whether it could also predict long-term renal function. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 76 kidney transplant patients who underwent RI assessment within 1 month after the transplant, subdivided into two groups according to RI values, lower (group A) or higher (group B) than its median value (0.635). RESULTS: Compared with group A subjects, the patients of group B were older at the time of transplant (42 +/- 9 vs 35 +/- 8 years; P = 0.001), the donor age was also older (41 +/- 16 vs 33 +/- 13 years; P = 0.02) and had a slightly higher proteinuria (0.54 +/- 0.5 vs 0.32 +/- 0.2 g/24 h; P = 0.02). Serum creatinine, ciclosporin or tacrolimus trough level, arterial blood pressure, number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches, anti-hypertensive medications and incidence of delayed graft function were not significantly different between the two groups. By univariate analysis, RI turned out to directly correlate with the recipient age, donor age and daily proteinuria (P = 0.007, P = 0.0007 and P = 0.02, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that only donor and recipient age maintained their independent predictive value on RI. Kaplan-Meier analysis, considering a serum creatinine increase >50% as the endpoint of the study, showed a statistically significant different graft survival in the two groups (log-rank test = 5.489; P = 0.01). The univariate relative risk of deterioration of graft function among patients with higher RI was 3.77. Proteinuria and recipient age increased the risk as well. CONCLUSIONS: Our data seem to suggest that early determination of RI can help predict long-term graft function in kidney transplant recipients.     

32578例住院患者医院感染调查分析

目的　了解我院住院患者医院感染发病率。方法　对我院 2 0 0 2年 32 5 78例住院患者进行调查。结果　 5 48例发生医院感染 (1.6 8%) ,最高科室为 9.79%,以下呼吸道最常见 (37.79%)。检出病原菌 184株 ,以革兰阴性菌为主 (49.46 %) ,多为铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。前者对常用抗菌药物耐药率均 >5 0 %,对亚胺培南的耐药率为 81.82 %。结论　加强重点易感区域的监测、细菌的耐药性监测和培训教育 ,以更有效的预防和控制医院感染。     

Genetic contributions to Parkinson's disease

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and Lewy body inclusions. It is thought to result from a complex interaction between multiple predisposing genes and environmental influences, although these interactions are still poorly understood. Several causative genes have been identified in different families. Mutations in two genes [α-synuclein and nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1)] cause the same pathology, and a third locus on chromosome 2 also causes this pathology. Other familial PD mutations have identified genes involved in the ubiquitin–proteasome system [parkin and ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase L1 (UCHL1)], although such cases do not produce Lewy bodies. These studies highlight critical cellular proteins and mechanisms for dopamine neuron survival as disrupted in Parkinson's disease. Understanding the genetic variations impacting on dopamine neurons may illuminate other molecular mechanisms involved. Additional candidate genes involved in dopamine cell survival, dopamine synthesis, metabolism and function, energy supply, oxidative stress, and cellular detoxification have been indicated by transgenic animal models and/or screened in human populations with differing results. Genetic variation in genes known to produce different patterns and types of neurodegeneration that may impact on the function of dopamine neurons are also reviewed. These studies suggest that environment and genetic background are likely to have a significant influence on susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. The identification of multiple genes predisposing to Parkinson's disease will assist in determining the cellular pathway/s leading to the neurodegeneration observed in this disease.     

耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 研究细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(cyclin dependent kinases 5,CDK5)在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,探索其在耐药性癫(癎)发病机制中的作用.方法 收集耐药性癫(癎)患者术后脑组织,用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot 3种检测方法从基因和蛋白水平分别测定CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,并与对照组进行比较.结果 荧光定量PCR发现CDK5 mRAN比对照组明显增加,免疫组化检测显示这种基因的蛋白表达产物主要分布在神经元轴突和胶质细胞中,Western blot检测在相对分子质量35 000处有一蛋白条带,并且可见实验组(颞叶和海马中分别为1.4293±0.1839和2.0733±0.4738)高于对照组(颞叶和海马中分别为0.9680±0.4147和1.403±0.6163,P＜0.05).结论 CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中表达增强,提示他们可能参与了耐药性癫(癎)的形成.     

葡萄球菌属的分离及耐药性研究

目的　对 1 974株临床分离的葡萄球菌的耐药性进行研究 ,以观察葡萄球菌属的耐药现状。方法　药敏试验采用纸片扩散法 (K -B法 )。结果　临床分离到的葡萄球菌中 ,MRSA的分离率为 2 0 .8% (66/ 31 7) ,MRCNS的分离率为 66 .9% (1 1 0 9/ 1 657) ,MRSA主要来源于生殖道分泌物、痰、伤口分泌物 ,分别占 2 7.3 % ,2 2 .7% ,1 8.2 % ;血液标本中MRSA和MRCNS分别占总分离数的 0 .2 5 %和 4 .9% ,而MRSA只占 0 .2 5 %。MRSA和MRCNS对红霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲恶唑、四环素的耐药率分别为 86 .2 %、47.6 %、50 .8%、61 .3 %、54 .5 %、83 .3 %、66 .1 %和 84.9%、37.5 %、45 .9%、53 .7%、58.2 %、84.9%、67.6 % ;MSCNS中环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲恶唑、四环素、氯霉素的耐药率分别为 33 .0 %、64 .1 %、58.5 %、2 7.8%均高于MSSA的 1 4 .6 %、42 .8%、41 .5 %、1 7.7% ,但对于MSS环丙沙星、庆大霉素、氯霉素、克林霉素有较高的敏感性。结论　重视对葡萄球菌的耐药性监测 ,合理使用抗生素、特别是合理使用糖肽类抗生素是非常必要的。     

Identification of a Membrane Receptor for Retinol-Binding Protein Functioning in the Cellular Uptake of Retinal

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the transport protein that carries retinol in the circulation from the liver to its target tissues. The existence of a cell-surface receptor on the target cells, which mediates the uptake of retinol from RBP, has been known since 1975. Recently, it was identified as an integral transmem-brane protein named STRA6 that is inducible by retinoic acid in certain cancer cells. The receptor was found to be highly specific for RBP, with high affinity, and to be localized in all tissues known to require retinol for their function, particularly the pigment epithelium of the eye.     

Evaluation of four elastomeric interocclusal recording materials

Background: The fabrication of dental prosthesis requires the transfer of interocclusal records from patient's mouth to semiadjustable articulators using different kinds of recording media. Any inaccuracy in these interocclusal records leads to occlusal errors in the final prosthesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the dimensional changes occurring in the interocclusal recording material over a given period of time and the material's resistance to compression during the cast mounting on the articulator.     

败血症98例临床分析

目的：探讨近年来败血症病原菌变迁和对常用抗菌药物的敏感状况以及影响败血症预后的因素。方法：回顾性分析1998～2004年的98例经血培养和临床资料证实的败血症。结果：98例败血症患者血培养共分离出致病菌102株，属社区获得性败血症81例（82．7％），医院获得性17例（17．3％）。革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和真菌感染分别占34．3％、60．8％、4．9％。社区获得性败血症以大肠埃希菌为主，其次是金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。医院获得性败血症以大肠埃希菌、真菌和不动杆菌为主。23抹金葡菌中苯唑西林耐药率39．1％，未发现对万古霉素耐药的菌株；31株大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、阿米卡星和左氧氟沙星耐药率分别占90．3％、61．3％和45．2％，但对头孢三代、四代及酶抑制剂耐药率较低（12．9％～19．1％），未发现对亚胺培南-西司他丁耐药菌株。院内感染、血小板下降、血糖升高及休克增加了败血症患者病死率。结论：院内感染败血症病原菌中真菌和不动杆菌呈上升趋势，大肠埃希菌和金葡菌感染首选亚胺培南-西司他丁和万古霉素，大肠埃希菌院外败血症可首选头孢三代或亚胺培南-西司他丁。