伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤的效率及其作用地位探讨

目的：从一个侧面探讨伽玛刀的作用地位。方法：采取“伽玛刀”和“开颅手术”两治疗方法对垂体腺瘤治疗的住院日、治疗率、后续治疗率，以及病人收治数量的变化等方面进行对比分析。结果：在239例垂体腺瘤的治疗中，伽玛刀治疗的平均住院日只是开颅手术的31．40％，治疗率占64．85％，后续治疗率2、58％(开颅手术为38．10％)，病人收治数量明显增加。结论：伽玛刀在医疗绩效中的作用明显。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在原发性肝癌经伽玛刀治疗32例的效果评价

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查肝癌经伽玛刀(-γ刀)治疗效果的价值。方法:32例原发性肝癌患者37个肿块,-γ刀治疗前及治疗后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月运用彩色多普勒超声进行随访。结果:-γ刀治疗后1周～1个月,肝癌病灶表现为稳定,3～6个月,病灶表现为显效,且肿块越小,治疗效果越好。结论:-γ刀治疗肝癌,是一种体外无创性的放疗方法,近期疗效满意。彩超的检查结果与临床随访相符。彩超可望成为肝癌-γ刀治疗后的观测疗效及指导治疗的有效方法。     

Gamma scintigraphic evaluation of the fate of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsules in the human gastrointestinal tract

The fate (movement and disintegration) of hard novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) two-piece capsules in the human gastrointestinal tract was investigated using a gamma scintigraphic imaging method. Two different prolonged-release formulations without an active ingredient were used. The capsules contained different viscosity grades of HPMC powder (HPMC K100 and HPMC K4M). The aim was to determine the main reason why the pharmacokinetic profiles of model drugs change when the diluent was changed to a higher viscosity grade. The results were compared with our previous pharmacokinetic studies with corresponding capsules containing metoclopramide hydrochloride or ibuprofen as a model drug. The first observation was that the HPMC capsules had a tendency to attach to the oesophagus. Therefore, it is recommended that the HPMC capsules as well as gelatine capsules be taken with a sufficient amount of water (150–200 ml) in an upright position and maintaining the upright position for several minutes. The viscosity grade of the HPMC did not affect the transit times of the capsules in the GI tract. The major differences between the two formulations were the complete disintegration times of the capsules and the spreading of the capsules to the large intestine. Most of the HPMC K100-based capsules were completely disintegrated during the 8 h study, whereas the HPMC K4M-based capsules still exhibited plug formations in the large intestine. Also the HPMC K100-based capsules spread better to the ascending colon than the HPMC K4M-based capsules. The faster disintegration of the HPMC K100-based capsules explains the differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of the model drugs between the HPMC K100- and K4M-based capsules in our previous studies. The main absorption site of the drugs from the capsules studied here is probably the large intestine when taken in a fasting state.     

C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对川崎病早期丙种球蛋白抵抗的预测价值

目的 探讨C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CRP/ALB)对川崎病(KD)早期丙种球蛋白(IVIG)抵抗的预测价值。方法 将2020年1月至2023年6月成都医学院第一附属医院住院的118例病程≤5 d的KD患儿分为IVIG抵抗组和IVIG敏感组,分析患儿临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究独立危险因素,ROC曲线探究CRP/ALB对KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的预测价值。结果 IVIG抵抗组比IVIG敏感组有更高水平的白细胞计数(WBC)、CRP、CRP/ALB和更低水平的血红蛋白(HGB)。CRP/ALB升高和HGB降低是KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的独立危险因素。CRP/ALB可预测KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗(AUC=0.664)。结论 CRP/ALB升高和HGB降低是KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的独立危险因素,CRP/ALB可有效预测KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗。     

伽玛刀治疗青少年脑动静脉畸形83例临床分析

目的 评估伽玛刀治疗青少年脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的疗效和并发症.方法 回顾性分析使用MASEP-SRRS型头部型伽玛刀治疗的83例青少年脑AVM的资料,AVM的体积0.3～25.4 cm3,平均(2.9±1.4)cm3,边缘剂量13～23 Gy,平均(18.8±3.6)Gy,40%～65%(平均48.8%)的等剂量曲线包绕脑AVM病灶.均采用磁共振成像 数字减影血管造影(MRI DSA)联合定位.结果 随访27～72个月,用伽玛刀治疗后的脑AVM闭塞率与其体积、边缘剂量有关,大多数患者临床症状于伽玛刀治疗后消失或改善.结论 伽玛刀是治疗青少年脑AVM安全、有效、低创的新方法.     

伽玛刀联合替莫唑胺治疗脑胶质瘤的临床观察

目的 探讨伽玛刀联合替莫唑胺和伽玛刀治疗恶性脑胶质瘤的效果和安全性.方法 选择2003～2006年经病理证实为恶性胶质瘤的病人,采用病例对照研究的方法,随机分为二组,实验组(35例)在伽玛刀术后采用替莫唑胺5个周期化疗,对照组(48例)仅行伽玛刀治疗.长期随访,观察病人的无进展生存时间和总的生存时间以及药物的安全性.结果 实验组的平均平均生存期为14.2个月,对照组为7.8个月.实验组的2年生存率为20.5%,对照组为10.1%.常见的不良反应为恶心、呕吐等.结论 伽玛刀联合替莫唑胺治疗恶性胶质瘤有效,能提高生存率而毒副反应小.     

伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤126例的临床分析

目的 评价伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤的疗效和并发症.方法 对2000年8月至2005年12月间伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤并有完整临床资料.病人年龄15～76岁,肿瘤最大径<10mm 68例、10～20mm 56例、>20mm 2例,伽玛刀治疗剂处方量为15～30Gy、50%～65%等剂量曲线.结果 随访1～6年,肿瘤消失75例,肿瘤缩小28例,肿瘤无变化15例,肿瘤继续增大8例.肿瘤生长控制率93.6%(118/126);激素水平恢复正常率63%(49/78),垂体功能低下发生率为15%,因肿瘤复发或激素水平未恢复再行肿瘤切除术5例.结论 伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤,能控制垂体腺瘤肿瘤生长,可恢复垂体内分泌功能异常改变.     

低剂量短疗程抗胸腺细胞球蛋白治疗肾移植耐激素排斥反应

目的探讨低剂量、短疗程的抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)治疗肾移植后早期激素耐受性排斥反应的疗效。方法15例肾移植后早期发生的激素耐受性排斥反应患者给予ATG 1 mg.kg-1.d-1,qod,总疗程4~10 d,观察其排斥反应逆转率、术后6mo内排斥反应再次发生率和感染发生率。结果ATG治疗(3.4±1.5)次后,15例患者中12例逆转(80%),肾功能良好;2例(13.3%)治疗有效,未行肾切除;1例(6.67%)无效,血透维持。术后6 mo内3例(20%)再次发生排斥反应,3例(20%)术后40d内发生肺部感染。随访期内受体存活率100%。结论低剂量、短疗程的ATG治疗能有效地逆转肾移植后早期激素耐受性排斥反应,且减少了感染及严重并发症的发生机会。     

Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding cyadox in Wistar rats

To investigate the teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats (F₀) were fed with diets containing cyadox (0, 50, 150 and 2500 mg/kg) or olaquindox (150 mg/kg), approximately equivalent to cyadox 5, 15, 250 or olaquindox 15 mg/kg b.w./day across two generations. Half of the pregnant rats (F₀, F_1b) were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20 for teratogenic examination and the other half produced pups F_1a and F_2a, respectively. At the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group, body weights of F_1b pregnant rats and F_2a on day 21 after birth decreased; fetal body lengths and tail lengths decreased; the number of fetal resorptions increased significantly; litter weights, number of viable fetuses decreased; number of embryo resorptions increased significantly; number of liveborn F_1a, F_1b and F_2a decreased. No macroscopic or microscopic change of any significance was found in the reproductive organs. Significant increases in the incidence of cervial ribs or lumbar ribs in F_2a pups and significant increases of relative organ weight of testis and epididymis in F_1b were observed at the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group. The NOAEL for reproduction/development of cyadox for rats was estimated to be 150 mg/kg diet, which was equivalent to approximately 15 mg/kg b.w./day.     

环孢素与甲泼尼龙及丙种球蛋白联合治疗重型再生障碍性贫血27例

摘要目的观察环孢素与甲泼尼龙、丙种球蛋白联合治疗重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）的疗效。方法SAA患者54例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各27例。对照组单用雄激素常规联合方案治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用环孢素（3.5～12.0 mg&#8226;kg－1&#8226;d－1,3个月）、大剂量甲泼尼龙（1 000 mg&#8226;d－1,逐渐减至60 mg&#8226;d－1）及大剂量丙种球蛋白（20 g&#8226;d－1）治疗。观察两组疗效及血液各指标变化情况。结果治疗组和对照组治疗总有效例数分别为21,14例（P＜0.05）;治疗组治疗后血常规各项指标较对照组均明显上升（P＜0.05）;两组治疗过程中均未见严重不良反应。结论环孢素、甲泼尼龙及丙种球蛋白联合雄激素治疗SAA疗效显著,不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。