兴趣小组活动对慢性精神病患者生活质量的影响

目的：在恢复期精神病患者中开展兴趣小组活动,观察其对生活质量（幸福感）产生的影响,以探讨丰富长期住院的慢性精神病患者文化生活的方法。方法：将110例符合入组标准的精神病患者,随机分为兴趣小组和对照组。兴趣小组在常规治疗和护理的基础上开展多种兴趣活动,对照组只给予常规康复治疗和护理,采用总体幸福感量表（GWB）、阳性和阴性精神症状量表（PANSS）分别于治疗前、治疗中每4个月对所有患者进行效果评定。结果：兴趣小组患者于训练后其幸福感指数明显升高,阴性精神症状改善程度优于对照组,P〈0.05。结论：兴趣小组活动对慢性精神病患者的生活质量有明显的改善作用,有助于患者的康复,为重返社会奠定基础。     

军校学员主观幸福感与人格关系的研究

目的探讨军校学员主观幸福感与人格的关系,为军队高校心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和总体幸福感量表(GWB)对498名军校学员进行测查。结果不同年级学员的主观幸福感得分差异有统计学意义(F=7.472,P<0.05),高年级学员的主观幸福感得分较低;相关分析表明外向性人格纬度与主观幸福感存在显著性相关,神经质及精神质均与主观幸福感存在显著负相关;稳定外向型和稳定内向型人格的主观幸福感水平较高,内向不稳定型的主观幸福感水平最低。结论人格特征是影响军校学员主观幸福感的重要因素。     

首发精神分裂症患者痊愈后主观幸福感对照研究

目的：了解首发精神分裂症患者痊愈后的主观幸福感,为社区康复提供依据。方法对70例痊愈首发精神分裂症患者（患者组）和70名健康体检者（对照组）采用总体幸福感量表进行测评分析。结果患者组总体幸福感量表总分及健康状况、正性情绪、负性情绪评分均显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）;女性患者正性情绪及负性情绪评分显著高于男性（P＜0．05或0．01）。结论首发精神分裂症患者痊愈后主观幸福感低于健康人群,应予以有针对性的心理干预,缓解或消除其心理压力,提高其主观幸福感及生活质量。     

美沙酮维持治疗者社会支持与主观幸福感的关系

目的探讨美沙酮维持治疗者社会支持、主观幸福观的现状及两者的相关性。方法采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、总体幸福感量表(GWB)对92例美沙酮维持治疗者进行评定,并与90例正常受试者加以比较。结果同正常对照组相比,美沙酮维持治疗者的社会支持总分(t=6.503,P<0.01)与主观幸福观(t=13.747,P<0.01)显著降低。美沙酮维持治疗者的社会支持与主观幸福观呈显著正相关(r=0.445,P<0.05)。结论美沙酮维持治疗者的社会支持、主观幸福感情况不良,两者存在一定的相关性。     

积极心理干预对2型糖尿病患者主观幸福感的影响

目的:探讨积极心理干预对提高2型糖尿病患者主观幸福感的效果。方法:将110例2型糖尿病患者按照随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各55例,对照组进行常规护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上增加积极心理干预。干预前后采用总体幸福感量表(GWB),对两组患者的主观幸福感进行评定。结果:男、女患者的主观幸福感总分均低于中国常模,但差异无统计学意义(t=-1.492,-1.397;P0.05);干预后,两组主观幸福感总分及对生活的满足和兴趣、对健康的担心、精力、忧郁或愉快的心境、对情感和行为的控制、松弛和紧张6个因子得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.799,3.826,3.520,2.637,5.032,4.850,6.451;P0.05)。结论:积极心理干预可以提高2型糖尿病患者的主观幸福感。     

合同制护士的总体幸福感及其与社会支持的相关性

目的探讨合同制护士的总体幸福感、社会支持及两者间的相关性。方法应用总体幸福感量表、社会支持评定量表对潍坊市益都中心医院269名合同制护士进行问卷调查。结果婚姻状况、有无子女、性别不同的合同制护士在总体幸福感、社会支持总分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);总体幸福感与社会支持及其3个维度(客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度)间都存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论合同制护士总体幸福感和社会支持存在相关性,故要重视合同制护士的健康教育,改善其工作环境及各种待遇,关注其学习、生活方式,以增进其总体幸福感。     

Weight loss is coupled with improvements to affective state in obese participants engaged in behavior change therapy based on incremental, self-selected “Small Changes”

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a group behavior change intervention involving self-selected, contextualized, and mediated goal setting on anthropometric, affective, and dietary markers of health. It was hypothesized that the intervention would elicit changes consistent with accepted health recommendations for obese individuals. A rolling program of 12-week “Small Changes” interventions during 24 months recruited 71 participants; each program accommodated 10 to 13 adults (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m²). Fifty-eight participants completed Small Changes. Repeated measures were made at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures included height and weight (to calculate BMI), body composition, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Affective state was monitored using relevant validated questionnaires. Dietary assessment used 3-day household measures food diaries with Schofield equations to monitor underreporting. Relevant blood measures were recorded throughout. Across the measurement period, Small Changes elicited a significant reduction in body weight (baseline, 102.95 ± 15.47 vs 12 weeks 100.09 ± 16.01 kg, P < .0005), coupled with associated significant improvements in BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference measures. There were additional significant positive changes in measures of affective state including general well-being (baseline, 58.92 ± 21.22 vs 12 weeks 78.04 ± 14.60, P < .0005) and total mood disturbance (baseline, 31.19 ± 34.03 vs 12 weeks 2.67 ± 24.96, P < .0005). Dietary changes that occurred were largely consistent with evidenced-based recommendations for weight management and included significant reductions in total energy intake and in fat and saturated fat as a proportion of energy. The Small Changes approach can elicit a range of health-orientated benefits for obese participants, and although further work is needed to ascertain the longevity of such effects, the outcomes from Small Changes are likely to help inform health professionals when framing the future of weight management. Long-term follow-up of Small Changes is warranted.     

广州大学城大学生自我效能感与主观幸福感研究

目的探讨广州大学城大学生自我效能感与主观幸福感之间的关系。方法采用一般自我效能感量表和总体幸福感量表对461名广州大学城大学生进行调查。结果 1大学生的自我效能感和主观幸福感均不存在性别(t=1.93,P=0.055;t=-0.52,P=0.607)、年级差异(t=-1.553,P=0.936;t=0.080,P=0.121),学校存在显著的差异(F=5.860,4.271,P均0.05);2大学生的自我效能感与主观幸福感及其6因子均存在显著的相关关系(r=0.243,0.165,0.370,0.331,0.286,0.223,0.378,P均0.001);3高自我效能感组和低自我效能感组在对情感和行为的控制、精力、忧郁或愉快的心境和主观幸福感上均存在显著差异(t=-3.438,-3.949,-2.257,-3.405,P均0.001);4自我效能感均进入主观幸福感及各因子的回归方程,对其均有较好的预测作用,其中对主观幸福感的预测最佳(F=28.845,12.821,72.784,56.464,41.025,23.946,76.512,P均0.001)。结论大学生的自我效能感影响其主观幸福感。